ASM 管理的内部工具：KFED、KFOD、AMDU

作者 | JiekeXu

来源 | JiekeXu DBA之路（ID: JiekeXu_IT）

大家好，我是 JiekeXu,很高兴又和大家见面了,今天和大家聊聊 Oracle ASM 管理的内部工具：KFED、KFOD、AMDU，欢迎点击上方蓝字关注我，标星或置顶，更多干货第一时间到达！

ASM 管理命令功能十分强大，当 ASM 实例或者磁盘组出现异常时，还可以使用 ASM 管理的内部工具：KFED、KFOD、AMDU 命令来诊断问题，检查处理 ASM 磁盘异常问题。

在 Oracle 19c 的环境中，如下所示，不管单机还是 RAC 均存在这三个命令，在 11g 中也是，可见 11g 以上的环境这三个命令已经集成到了各自环境下的 bin 目录下了。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# su - oracle 
Last login: Tue Apr 20 09:21:16 CST 2021 on pts/1
[oracle@JiekeXu ~]$ which kfed
/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/kfed
[oracle@JiekeXu ~]$ ls -l /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/kfed
-rwxr-x--x 1 oracle oinstall 142480 Mar 14 20:54 /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/kfed
[oracle@JiekeXu ~]$ ps -ef | grep d.bin
oracle   26844 26812  0 17:07 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto d.bin
[oracle@JiekeXu ~]$ ps -ef | grep smon 
oracle    2963     1  0 Mar21 ?        00:01:12 ora_smon_JiekeCDB
oracle   26848 26812  0 17:07 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto smon
[oracle@JiekeXu ~]$ which kfod
/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/kfod
[oracle@JiekeXu ~]$ ls -l /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/kfod
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 484 Apr 18  2019 /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/kfod
[oracle@JiekeXu ~]$ id
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
[oracle@JiekeXu ~]$ sql
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Apr 23 17:08:09 2021
Version 19.10.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.10.0.0.0
SYS@JiekeCDB> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 JIEKEPDB                       READ WRITE NO
         5 JIEKEPDB1                      READ WRITE NO

19c RAC 环境

jieke2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ which kfod
/u01/app/19.0.0.0/grid/bin/kfod
jieke2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ which kfed
/u01/app/19.0.0.0/grid/bin/kfed
jieke2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ ls -l /u01/app/19.0.0.0/grid/bin/kfed
-rwxr-x--x 1 root oinstall 102416 Apr 22 17:00 /u01/app/19.0.0.0/grid/bin/kfed
jieke2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ which amdu
/u01/app/19.0.0.0/grid/bin/amdu
jieke2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ ls -l /u01/app/19.0.0.0/grid/bin/amdu
-rwxr-x--x 1 root oinstall 131072 Apr 22 17:00 /u01/app/19.0.0.0/grid/bin/amdu
jieke2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ exit
logout
jieke2:~ # su - oracle 
jieke2:/home/oracle(jiekexu2)$ which kfed
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0.0/dbhome_1/bin/kfed
jieke2:/home/oracle(jiekexu2)$ ls -l /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0.0/dbhome_1/bin/kfed
-rwxr-x--x 1 oracle oinstall 98320 Apr 22 22:47 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0.0/dbhome_1/bin/kfed

11g 单机环境

JIEKEADG:/home/oracle$which kfed
/app/product/11.2.0/db/bin/kfed
JIEKEADG:/home/oracle$which kfod
/app/product/11.2.0/db/bin/kfod
JIEKEADG:/home/oracle$which amdu 
/app/product/11.2.0/db/bin/amdu

相反在 Oracle 10g 时的环境中只有 kfod 命令，kfed 和 amdu 都不存在，10g 中也不存在 ASM 的概念，只有裸设备的概念，当然只有 kfod 也可以满足了。 

ZBJIEKEXU:[jiekexu]/software/oracle $ sqlplus / as sysdba 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Fri Apr 23 17:26:52 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ZBJIEKEXU:[jiekexu]/software/oracle $ which kfed
no kfed in /usr/bin /etc /usr/sbin /usr/ucb /software/oracle/bin /usr/bin/X11 /sbin . /software/app1/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/bin /bin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /etl_pc/oracledata/dds/bin /etl_pc/oracledata/dds/dt /software/app1/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/OPatch
ZBJIEKEXU:[jiekexu]/software/oracle $ which kfod
/software/app1/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/bin/kfod
ZBJIEKEXU:[jiekexu]/software/oracle $ which amdu
no amdu in /usr/bin /etc /usr/sbin /usr/ucb /software/oracle/bin /usr/bin/X11 /sbin . /software/app1/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/bin /bin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /etl_pc/oracledata/dds/bin /etl_pc/oracledata/dds/dt /software/app1/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/OPatch
ZBJIEKEXU:[jiekexu]/software/oracle $ 

kfed 工具

KFED is a useful tool which allows to analyze ASM disk header information when ASM diskgroups can not be mounted.
KFED 是当 ASM 实例不能挂载磁盘组时，读 ASM 磁盘头的工具。

读磁盘头

命令示例：

kfed read /dev/rhdisk123
kfed read /dev/rhdisk13 text=/tmp/asmdisk13.txt
kfed read /dev/rhdisk12 text=/tmp/asmdisk12.txt

jieke2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ kfed read /dev/mapper/asm4
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: disk=0
kfbh.check:                  3593069111 ; 0x00c: 0xd629e237
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr:         ORCLDISK ; 0x000: length=8
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:            0 ; 0x008: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:            0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:            0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat:                318767104 ; 0x020: 0x13000000
kfdhdb.dsknum:                        0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp:                        1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_EXTERNAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname:         JIEKE_ARCH_0000 ; 0x028: length=15
kfdhdb.grpname:              JIEKE_ARCH ; 0x048: length=10
kfdhdb.fgname:          JIEKE_ARCH_0000 ; 0x068: length=15
kfdhdb.siteguid[0]:                   0 ; 0x088: 0x00
kfdhdb.siteguid[1]:                   0 ; 0x089: 0x00
kfdhdb.siteguid[2]:                   0 ; 0x08a: 0x00

修复盘头：
kfed repair /dev/rhdisk1
kfed repair /dev/rhdisk3

在原操作系统中，编译 asmdisk13.txt
把第12行 kfdhdb.driver.provstr: 的内容修改成
“kfdhdb.driver.provstr: ORCLDISK ; 0x000: length=8” 和 asmdisk12.txt 一样。

用下面的命令把每一个写回对应的磁盘：
kfed merge /dev/rhdisk13 text=asmdisk13.txt

生产环境示例：

kfed read /dev/mapper/asm12

kfod 工具

在系统级别，Oracle 还提供一个 KFOD 工具，用于列举搜索磁盘，在 ASM 实例启动之后，这些信息可以通过视图提供。

$> kfod help=y
_asm_a/llow_only_raw_disks KFOD allow only raw devices [_asm_allow_only_raw_disks=TRUE/(FALSE)]
_asm_l/ibraries ASM Libraries[_asm_libraries=‘lib1’,‘lib2’,…]
_asms/id ASM Instance[_asmsid=sid]
a/sm_diskstring ASM Diskstring [asm_diskstring=‘discoverystring’, ‘discoverystring’ …]
d/isks Disks to discover [disks=raw,asm,all]
g/roup Group discover [group=controlfile]
n/ohdr KFOD header suppression [nohdr=TRUE/(FALSE)]
o/p KFOD options type [OP=DISKS/GROUPS/ALL]
p/file ASM parameter file [pfile=‘parameterfile’]
s/tatus Include disk header status [status=TRUE/(FALSE)]
v/erbose KFOD verbose errors [verbose=TRUE/(FALSE)]

kfod status=TRUE asm_diskstring='/dev/rhdisk*' disks=ALL

kfod disks=all status=true

$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/stage/11.2.0.1/grid/stage/ext/lib
$ /u01/stage/11.2.0.1/grid/stage/ext/bin/kfod status=TRUE asm_diskstring='/dev/rdsk/*' disk=all dscvgroup=TRUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disk Size Header Path Disk Group User Group
================================================================================
1: 10040 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FBB0005d0s1  DG oracle oinstall
2: 10040 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FBC0006d0s1  DG oracle oinstall
3: 10142 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FBE0007d0s1  DG oracle oinstall
4: 10142 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FBF0008d0s1  DG oracle oinstall
5:  9734 Mb MEMBER /dev/rdsk/c0t600144F0E08ACF0000004C2F6FC00009d0s1 FRA oracle oinstall
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

读 ASM 使用的所有磁盘以及大小和磁盘相关路径
jieke2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ kfod disks=all status=true
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Disk          Size Header    Path                                     User     Group   
================================================================================
   1:       2048 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm1                         grid     asmadmin
   2:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm10                        grid     asmadmin
   3:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm11                        grid     asmadmin
   4:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm12                        grid     asmadmin
   5:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm13                        grid     asmadmin
   6:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm14                        grid     asmadmin
   7:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm15                        grid     asmadmin
   8:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm16                        grid     asmadmin
   9:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm17                        grid     asmadmin
  10:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm18                        grid     asmadmin
  11:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm19                        grid     asmadmin
  12:       2048 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm2                         grid     asmadmin
  13:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm20                        grid     asmadmin
  14:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm21                        grid     asmadmin
  15:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm22                        grid     asmadmin
  16:       2048 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm3                         grid     asmadmin
  17:    1048576 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm4                         grid     asmadmin
  18:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm5                         grid     asmadmin
  19:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm6                         grid     asmadmin
  20:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm7                         grid     asmadmin
  21:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm8                         grid     asmadmin
  22:    2097152 MB MEMBER    /dev/mapper/asm9                         grid     asmadmin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME                                                          
================================================================================

amdu 工具

在 Oracle 10g 中，ASM 磁盘组的信息需要在 Mount 之后才能通过内部视图查询，如果磁盘组因为故障无法正常加载，那么信息将不可用，这为诊断带来了诸多不便。从 Oracle 11g 开始，Oracle 提供了一个工具 AMDU 用于协助诊断，通过这个工具可以在磁盘组加载之前将 ASM 的元数据抽取出来，用于数据库诊断，这个工具可以向后兼容，引入到 10g 中。

通过 amdu –h 可以查看详细的帮助说明，缺省的调用 amdu，会自动生成一个以时间命名的目录，该目录下生成的报告文件会记录磁盘组的相关信息：

amdu -diskstring ‘<your_path_to_ASM_disks>’ -dump ‘’

amdu -diskstring ‘/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL*’ -dump ‘CRSDG’

$> amdu -diskstring '/dev/raw/raw*' -dump 'DG11'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<report.txt content>

----------------------------- DISK REPORT N0003 ---------------------------
Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw3
Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
Disk Size: 977 megabytes
Group Name: DG11
Disk Name: DG11_0000
Failure Group Name: DG11_0000

----------------------------- DISK REPORT N0004 ---------------------------
Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw4
Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
Disk Size: 978 megabytes
Group Name: DG11
Disk Name: DG11_0001
Failure Group Name: DG11_0001

amdu 抽取 ASM 磁盘组的数据文件语法如下:

amdu -diskstring ‘’ -extract ‘.’

数据文件号 可以根据 asm 实例 查询 v$asm_file视图得出

也可以查 vdatafile，如果用了别名，可以用 vasm_alias;

SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/db1/datafile/system.256.794361477
+DATA/db1/datafile/sysaux.257.794361477
+DATA/db1/datafile/undotbs1.258.794361477
+DATA/db1/datafile/users.259.794361477   <(=== this files need to be extracted
+DATA/db1/datafile/example.261.794361601
+DATA/db1/datafile/testasm.263.817147851
+DATA/db1/datafile/dbfs_ts.264.822088469

比如我们要抽取 users 表空间下面对应的数据文件

Full File name = “+DATA/db1/datafile/users.259.794361477”
File Number = “259”
Disk String = “/dev/oracleasm/disks/*”
Diskgroup Name = “DATA”
Extracted File = DATA_259.f
amdu -diskstring ‘/dev/oracleasm/disks/*’ -extract ‘DATA.259’

在当前目录下会生成 amdu_ 加日期格式的文件夹

[grid@dbaasm ~]$ cd amdu_2013_08_31_00_17_17/
[grid@dbaasm amdu_2013_08_31_00_17_17]$ ls -l
total 2099228
-rw-r–r-- 1 grid oinstall 2147491840 Aug 31 00:18 DATA_259.f
-rw-r–r-- 1 grid oinstall 14514 Aug 31 00:18 report.txt

生成数据文件的格式为磁盘组+数据文件号，并且加后缀名为点 f,然后重命名为对应表空间名字 users.dbf 即可

[grid@dbaasm amdu_2013_08_31_00_17_17]$ mv DATA_259.f users.dbf
[grid@dbaasm amdu_2013_08_31_00_17_17]$ ls -l
total 2099228
-rw-r–r-- 1 grid oinstall 14514 Aug 31 00:18 report.txt
-rw-r–r-- 1 grid oinstall 2147491840 Aug 31 00:18 users.dbf <(======

关于这三个命令的就说这么多，当涉及到 ASM 磁盘的相关查看时这三个命令的功能才能发挥出来，网上关于此工具的资料少之又少，这里先记录下来，分享给需要的小伙伴们。如果此文对您有帮助，欢迎点赞、在看与转发，写作不易，举手之劳，便是对作者最大的支持。

参考链接：
https://www.modb.pro/db/6665
http://blog.itpub.net/7199859/viewspace-1246627/
ASM tools used by Support : KFOD, KFED, AMDU (Doc ID 1485597.1)

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