【安装篇】- 基于 VMWARE Oracle Linux7.9 安装 Oracle19c RAC 详细配置方案

Original yanwei JiekeXu DBA之路 2024-03-03

作者 | yanwei

来源 | 墨天轮 https://www.modb.pro/db/95684

大家好，我是 JiekeXu,很高兴又和大家见面了,今天和大家一起来看看 Linux7.9 安装 Oracle19c RAC 详细配置方案，欢迎点击上方蓝字关注我，标星或置顶，更多干货第一时间到达！

《基于 VMWARE Oracle Linux7.9 安装 Oracle19c RAC》4 万多字，是我看过的 Oracle 19c RAC 安装学习篇最好的一篇，这一篇认真看完，必定收获满满。尤其后面章节连接测试，日常管理，值得推荐。

4.4 调整/dev/shm
4.5 关闭THP和numa
4.6 关闭防火墙
4.7 关闭selinux
4.8 配置软件yum源
4.8 安装软件包
4.9 配置核心参数
4.10 关闭avahi服务
4.11 关闭其他服务
4.12 配置ssh服务
4.13 hugepage配置（可选）
4.14 修改login配置
4.15 配置用户限制
4.16 配置NTP服务（可选）

4.16.1 使用ctss
4.16.2 使用ntp
4.16.3 使用chony

4.17 创建组和用户
4.18 创建目录
4.19 配置用户环境变量

4.19.1 grid
4.19.2 oracle

4.20 配置共享存储（multipath+udev）

4.20.1 multipath
4.20.2 UDEV
4.20.2 UDEV(非multipath）
4.20.3 afd（不推荐）

4.21 配置IO调度
4.22 重启OS
4.23 整体check脚本检查

五、安装GI+RU

5.1 修改软件包权限
5.2 解压缩软件

5.2.1 解压缩grid 软件
5.2.2 升级OPatch
5.2.3 解压缩19.11RU

5.3 安装cvuqdisk软件
5.4 配置grid 用户ssh（可选）
5.5 安装前检查
5.6 执行安装（直接升级19.11）

5.6.1 图形截图
5.6.2 执行脚本
5.6.3 检查

六创建磁盘组
七、安装Oracle软件+RU

7.1 修改软件包权限
7.2 解压缩到oracle_home
7.3 升级opatch版本
7.4 安装Oracle软件（直接升级RU19.11）
7.5 安装截图

八创建数据库

8.1 数据库规划
8.2 dbca建库
8.3 连接测试

8.3.1 连接CDB
8.3.2 连接pdb
8.3.3 datafile

九 RAC日常管理命令

9.1 集群资源状态
9.2 集群服务状态
9.3 数据库状态
9.4 监听状态
9.5 scan状态
9.6 nodeapps状态
9.7 VIP状态
9.8 数据库配置
9.9 OCR
9.10 VOTEDISK
9.11 GI版本
9.12 ASM
9.13 启动和关闭RAC
9.14 节点状态
9.15 切换scan
9.16 切换VIP

一、安装规划

1.1 软件规划

软件	版本
虚拟化软件	VMware®Workstation16 Pro15.0.0 build-10134415
OS软件	OracleLinux-R7-U9-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso,要求7.4以上
Oracle软件	LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip(安装包)
GI软件	LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip(安装包)
RU软件	p32545008_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip -19.11（非滚动升级方式）p32895426_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip（滚动升级方式） --编者不太懂能从 RU 区分是否滚动升级方式？

1.1.1 软件下载

1.1.1.1 OS下载

https://yum.oracle.com/oracle-linux-isos.html

1.1.1.2 RAC软件下载

https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html

可以利用sha256sum检验软件的完整性。

[root@dwrac1 soft]# sha256sum LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zipba8329c757133da313ed3b6d7f86c5ac42cd9970a28bf2e6233f3235233aa8d8 LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip[root@dwrac1 soft]# sha256sum LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zipd668002664d9399cf61eb03c0d1e3687121fc890b1ddd50b35dcbe13c5307d2e LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip

1.1.1.3 RU下载

每个 RU 大小在 2.5G 左右。

编者注：19.11 RU 下载 32578973 即可，包含 GI and DB,还有 OJVM 补丁，比较方便。不过现在 19.12 RU Linux 版已经发布了，可查看：https://www.modb.pro/download/137693 。

1.1.2 操作系统认证

因此安装 Oracle19c RAC，选择 Linux 操作系统，要求最好在 7.5 版本以上。这点请注意。

1.2 虚拟机规划

硬件要求 8G 内存，但是无奈自己的笔记本只有16G.因此每个虚拟机划分为 4G。尝试安装。

	配置
CPU	2core
MEM	4G
DISK	100G
网卡	两个网卡，一块Public IP、一块Private IP
ISO	OracleLinux-R7-U9-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso

1.3 网络规划

节点名称	Public IP(NAT)	Private IP(HOST)	Virtual IP	SCAN 名称	SCAN IP
oracle19c-rac1	192.168.245.141	192.168.28.141	192.168.245.143	rac-scan	192.168.245.145
oracle19c-rac2	192.168.245.142	192.168.28.142	192.168.245.144

cp /etc/hosts /etc/hosts_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`echo '#public ip192.168.245.141 oracle19c-rac1192.168.245.142 oracle19c-rac2#private ip192.168.28.141 oracle19c-rac1-priv192.168.28.142 oracle19c-rac2-priv#vip192.168.245.143 oracle19c-rac1-vip192.168.245.144 oracle19c-rac2-vip#scanip192.168.245.145 oracle19c-rac-scan1'>> /etc/hosts

1.4 操作系统规划

Table 1-3 Server Configuration Checklist for Oracle Grid Infrastructure

Check	Task
Disk space allocated to the temporary file system	At least 1 GB of space in the temporary disk space (`/tmp`) directory.
Swap space allocation relative to RAM	Between 4 GB and 16 GB: Equal to RAM More than 16 GB: 16 GB Note: If you enable HugePages for your Linux servers, then you should deduct the memory allocated to HugePages from the available RAM before calculating swap space.
HugePages memory allocation	Allocate memory to HugePages large enough for the System Global Areas (SGA) of all databases planned to run on the cluster, and to accommodate the System Global Area for the Grid Infrastructure Management Repository.
Mount point paths for the software binaries	Oracle recommends that you create an Optimal Flexible Architecture configuration as described in the appendix “Optimal Flexible Architecture” in Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation and Upgrade Guide for your platform.
Ensure that the Oracle home (the Oracle home path you select for Oracle Database) uses only ASCII characters	The ASCII character restriction includes installation owner user names, which are used as a default for some home paths, as well as other directory names you may select for paths.
Set locale (if needed)	Specify the language and the territory, or locale, in which you want to use Oracle components. A locale is a linguistic and cultural environment in which a system or program is running. NLS (National Language Support) parameters determine the locale-specific behavior on both servers and clients. The locale setting of a component determines the language of the user interface of the component, and the globalization behavior, such as date and number formatting.
Set Network Time Protocol for Cluster Time Synchronization	Oracle Clusterware requires the same time zone environment variable setting on all cluster nodes.Ensure that you set the time zone synchronization across all cluster nodes using either an operating system configured network time protocol (NTP) or Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service.
Check Shared Memory File System Mount	By default, your operating system includes an entry in `/etc/fstab` to mount `/dev/shm`. However, if your Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) or Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) checks fail, then ensure that the `/dev/shm` mount area is of type `tmpfs` and is mounted with the following options:`rw` and `exec` permissions set on itWithout `noexec` or `nosuid` set on itNote: Your operating system usually sets these options as the default permissions. If they are set by the operating system, then they are not listed on the mount options.

	要求
软件目录	安装Grid Infrastracture所需空间：12GB 安装Oracle Database所需空间：7.3GB 此外安装过程中分析、收集、跟踪文件所需空间：10GB 建议总共至少100GB（此处不包含ASM或NFS的空间需求）
/tmp	至少1G
swap	4-16G等于内存；大于16G选择16G
/dev/shm	6G
HugePages	本方案不做配置
时间同步

1.4.1 操作系统目录

分区	大小
/boot	1G
/	10G
/tmp	10G
SWAP	8G
/u01	70G

1.4.2 软件包

Table 4-2 x86-64 Oracle Linux 7 Minimum Operating System Requirements

Item	Requirements
SSH Requirement	Ensure that OpenSSH is installed on your servers. OpenSSH is the required SSH software.
Oracle Linux 7	Subscribe to the Oracle Linux 7 channel on the Unbreakable Linux Network, or configure a yum repository from the Oracle Linux yum server website, and then install the Oracle Preinstallation RPM. This RPM installs all required kernel packages for Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database installations, and performs other system configuration.Supported distributions:Oracle Linux 7.4 with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 4: 4.1.12-124.19.2.el7uek.x86_64 or laterOracle Linux 7.4 with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 5: 4.14.35-1818.1.6.el7uek.x86_64 or laterOracle Linux 7.5 with the Red Hat Compatible kernel: 3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64 or later
Packages for Oracle Linux 7	Install the latest released versions of the following packages: bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libXrender libXrender-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libgcc libstdclibstdc+±devel libxcb make smartmontools sysstat Note:If you intend to use 32-bit client applications to access 64-bit servers, then you must also install (where available) the latest 32-bit versions of the packages listed in this table.
Optional Packages for Oracle Linux 7	Based on your requirement, install the latest released versions of the following packages: ipmiutil (for Intelligent Platform Management Interface) net-tools (for Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware) nfs-utils (for Oracle ACFS) python (for Oracle ACFS Remote) python-configshell (for Oracle ACFS Remote) python-rtslib (for Oracle ACFS Remote) python-six (for Oracle ACFS Remote) targetcli (for Oracle ACFS Remote)
KVM virtualization	Kernel-based virtual machine (KVM), also known as KVM virtualization, is certified on Oracle Database 19c for all supported Oracle Linux 7 distributions. For more information on supported virtualization technologies for Oracle Database, refer to the virtualization matrix:https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/virtualization-matrix.html

1.5 共享存储规划

able 1-6 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Storage Configuration Checks

Check	Task
Minimum disk space (local or shared) for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Software	At least 12 GB of space for the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster home (Grid home). Oracle recommends that you allocate 100 GB to allow additional space for patches. At least 10 GB for Oracle Database Enterprise Edition.Allocate additional storage space as per your cluster configuration, as described in Oracle Clusterware Storage Space Requirements.
Select Oracle ASM Storage Options	During installation, based on the cluster configuration, you are asked to provide Oracle ASM storage paths for the Oracle Clusterware files. These path locations must be writable by the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation owner (Grid user). These locations must be shared across all nodes of the cluster on Oracle ASM because the files in the Oracle ASM disk group created during installation must be available to all cluster member nodes.For Oracle Standalone Cluster deployment, shared storage, either Oracle ASM or shared file system, is locally mounted on each of the cluster nodes.For Oracle Domain Services Cluster deployment, Oracle ASM storage is shared across all nodes, and is available to Oracle Member Clusters. Oracle Member Cluster for Oracle Databases can either use storage services from the Oracle Domain Services Cluster or local Oracle ASM storage shared across all the nodes. Oracle Member Cluster for Applications always use storage services from the Oracle Domain Services Cluster. Before installing Oracle Member Cluster, create a Member Cluster Manifest file that specifies the storage details.Voting files are files that Oracle Clusterware uses to verify cluster node membership and status. Oracle Cluster Registry files (OCR) contain cluster and database configuration information for Oracle Clusterware.
Select Grid Infrastructure Management Repository (GIMR) Storage Option	Depending on the type of cluster you are installing, you can choose to either host the Grid Infrastructure Management Repository (GIMR) for a cluster on the same cluster or on a remote cluster.Note:Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 19c, configuring GIMR is optional for Oracle Standalone Cluster deployments.For Oracle Standalone Cluster deployment, you can specify the same or separate Oracle ASM disk group for the GIMR.For Oracle Domain Services Cluster deployment, the GIMR must be configured on a separate Oracle ASM disk group.Oracle Member Clusters use the remote GIMR of the Oracle Domain Services Cluster. You must specify the GIMR details when you create the Member Cluster Manifest file before installation.

Table 8-1 Minimum Available Space Requirements for Oracle Standalone Cluster With GIMR Configuration

Redundancy Level	DATA Disk Group	MGMT Disk Group	Oracle Fleet Patching and Provisioning	Total Storage
External	1 GB	28 GBEach node beyond four:5 GB	1 GB	30 GB
Normal	2 GB	56 GBEach node beyond four:5 GB	2 GB	60 GB
High/Flex/Extended	3 GB	84 GBEach node beyond four:5 GB	3 GB	90 GB

Table 8-2 Minimum Available Space Requirements for Oracle Standalone Cluster Without GIMR Configuration

Redundancy Level	DATA Disk Group	Oracle Fleet Patching and Provisioning	Total Storage
External	1 GB	1 GB	2 GB
Normal	2 GB	2 GB	4 GB
High/Flex/Extended	3 GB	3 GB	6 GB

根据要求，采用的磁盘组策略如下：

磁盘组	大小
OCRVOTE	3*2G
DATA	2*10G

1.6 Oracle规划

1.6.1 软件规划

软件	版本
Oracle软件	LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip(安装包)
GI软件	LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip(安装包)
RU软件	p32545008_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip -19.11（安装直接升级方式）p32895426_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip（非滚动升级方式）
opatch版本	OPatch 12.2.0.1.25 for DB 12.x, 18.x, 19.x, 20.x and 21.x releases (May 2021)

1.6.2 用户组和用户

常见用户组说明

组	角色	权限
oinstall		安装和升级oracle软件
dba	sysdba	创建、删除、修改、启动、关闭数据库，切换日志归档模式，备份恢复数据库
oper	sysoper	启动、关闭、修改、备份、恢复数据库，修改归档模式
asmdba	sysdba自动存储管理	管理ASM实例
asmoper	sysoper自动存储管理	启动、停止ASM实例
asmadmin	sysasm	挂载、卸载磁盘组，管理其他存储设备
backupdba	sysbackup	启动关闭和执行备份恢复（12c）
dgdba	sysdg	管理Data Guard（12c）
kmdba	syskm	加密管理相关操作
racdba		rac管理

**GroupName**	**GroupID**	**说明**
oinstall	54421	Oracle清单和软件所有者
dba	54322	数据库管理员
oper	54323	DBA操作员组
backupdba	54324	备份管理员
dgdba	54325	DG管理员
kmdba	54326	KM管理员
asmdba	54327	ASM数据库管理员组
asmoper	54328	ASM操作员组
asmadmin	54329	Oracle自动存储管理组
racdba	54330	RAC管理员

用户UID	OS用户	主		用户目录	默认shell
10000	oracle	oinstall	dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper	/home/oracle	bash
10001	grid	oinstall	dba,asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper	/home/grid	bash

1.6.3 软件目录规划

目录名称	路径	说明
ORACLE_BASE （oracle）	/u01/app/oracle	oracle基目录
ORACLE_HOME （oracle）	/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1	oracle用户HOME目录
ORACLE_BASE （grid）	/u01/app/grid	grid基目录
ORACLE_HOME （grid）	/u01/app/19.3.0/grid	grid用户HOME目录

1.6.4 整体数据库安装规划

规划内容	规划描述
PDB	ocrlpdb
内存规划	SGA PGA
processes	1000
字符集	ZHS16GBK
归档模式	非
redo	5组每组200M
undo	2G 自动扩展最大4G
temp	4G
闪回配置	4G大小
归档模式	非归档（手工调整归档模式）

1.6.5 RU升级规划

安装完成之后，计划升级到最新的RU 19.11版本。

二、虚拟机安装

两台虚拟机创建方式相同，只是IP和主机名不同，因此相关说明只截取一台

2.1 选择硬件兼容性

2.2 选择操作系统ISO

2.3 命名虚拟机

2.4 CPU

2.5 内存

编者注：内存这块虽是个人学习，但也需要至少 8GB 的内存方可，GI 安装官方文档说明最低需要 8GB 内存。

2.6 网卡

2.7 硬盘

2.8 添加网卡

2.9 同样方式创建 RAC2 节点

过程省略……

2.10 分别安装操作系统

2.11 安装完成之后，加快 SSH 登录

--配置LoginGraceTime参数为0, 将timeout wait设置为无限制

cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"` && sed -i '/#LoginGraceTime 2m/ s/#LoginGraceTime 2m/LoginGraceTime 0/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config && grep LoginGraceTime /etc/ssh/sshd_config

--加快SSH登陆速度，禁用DNS

cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"` && sed -i '/#UseDNS yes/ s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config && grep UseDNS /etc/ssh/sshd_config

三、共享存储配置

3.1 创建共享磁盘-命令行

vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 2g -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr01.vmdk" vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 2g -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr02.vmdk" vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 2g -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr03.vmdk" vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 10GB -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-data01.vmdk"vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 10GB -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-data02.vmdk"

执行过程：

PS D:\app\vmware16> .\vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 2g -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr01.vmdk"Creating disk 'E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr01.vmdk' Create: 100% done.Virtual disk creation successful.

PS D:\app\vmware16> .\vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 2g -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr02.vmdk"Creating disk 'E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr02.vmdk' Create: 100% done.Virtual disk creation successful.PS D:\app\vmware16>PS D:\app\vmware16> .\vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 2g -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr03.vmdk"Creating disk 'E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr03.vmdk' Create: 100% done.Virtual disk creation successful.PS D:\app\vmware16>PS D:\app\vmware16> .\vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 10GB -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-data01.vmdk"Creating disk 'E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-data01.vmdk' Create: 100% done.Virtual disk creation successful.PS D:\app\vmware16> .\vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 10GB -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-data02.vmdk"Creating disk 'E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-data02.vmdk' Create: 100% done.Virtual disk creation successful.

相关命令说明：vmware-vdiskmanager [选项]这里的选项你必须包含以下的一些选择项或参数选项和参数描述

虚拟磁盘文件的名字。虚拟磁盘文件必须是.vmdk为扩展名。你能够指定一个你想要储存的虚拟磁盘文件的路径。如果你在你的宿主机中映射了网络共享，你也可以提供确切的虚拟磁盘文件的路径信息来创建虚拟磁盘在这个网络共享中

-c

创建虚拟磁盘。你必须用-a, -s 和 -t 并指定选项参数，然后你需要指定所要创建的虚拟磁盘文件的文件名。

-s [GB|MB]指定虚拟磁盘的大小。确定大小用GB或MB做单位。你必须在创建磁盘时指定其大小。尽管你必须指定虚拟磁盘的大小，但当你增长它的大小时，你不能用-s这个选项。可以指定的磁盘大小规定：IDE和SCSI适配器都为最小100MB，最大950GB。

-a [ ide | buslogic | lsilogic ]指定磁盘适配器的类型。你在创建新的虚拟磁盘时必须指定其类型。选择以下类型之一：ide —— IDE接口适配器buslogic —— BusLogic SCSI接口适配器lsilogic —— LSI Logic SCSI接口适配器

-t [0|1|2|3]

你在创建一个新的虚拟磁盘或者重新配置一个虚拟磁盘时必须指定虚拟磁盘的类型。指定以下类型之一：

0 —— 创建一个包含在单一虚拟文件中的可增长虚拟磁盘1 —— 创建一个被分割为每个文件2GB大小的可增长虚拟磁盘2 —— 创建一个包含在单一虚拟文件中的预分配虚拟磁盘3 —— 创建一个被分割为每个文件2GB大小的预分配虚拟磁盘

3.2 创建共享磁盘-图形（可选，本次未采用）

通过界面创建方法：

添加硬盘

在节点二添加硬盘

3.3 关闭两台虚拟机，编辑相关vmx文件

#shared disks configurediskLib.dataCacheMaxSize=0 diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize=0diskLib.dataCacheMinReadAheadSize=0diskLib.dataCachePageSize=4096 diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0"

disk.locking = "FALSE"scsi1.sharedBus = "virtual"scsi1.present = "TRUE"scsi1.virtualDev = "lsilogic"

scsi1:0.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:0.deviceType = "disk"scsi1:0.present = "TRUE"scsi1:0.fileName = "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr01.vmdk" scsi1:0.redo = ""

scsi1:1.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:1.deviceType = "disk"scsi1:1.present = "TRUE"scsi1:1.fileName = "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr02.vmdk" scsi1:1.redo = ""

scsi1:2.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:2.deviceType = "disk"scsi1:2.present = "TRUE"scsi1:2.fileName = "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-ocr03.vmdk" scsi1:2.redo = ""

scsi1:3.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:3.deviceType = "disk"scsi1:3.present = "TRUE"scsi1:3.fileName = "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-data01.vmdk" scsi1:3.redo = ""

scsi1:4.mode = "independent-persistent"scsi1:4.deviceType = "disk"scsi1:4.present = "TRUE"scsi1:4.fileName = "E:\vm\sharedisk19c\share-data02.vmdk" scsi1:4.redo = ""

3.4 重新启动虚拟机

重新打开虚拟机设置进行确认

3.5 multipath+udev方式绑定存储

详情见 4.20 后面配置

四、19cRAC安装准备工作

4.1 硬件配置和系统情况

4.1.1 检查操作系统

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# cat /etc/oracle-releaseOracle Linux Server release 7.9

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# cat /etc/oracle-releaseOracle Linux Server release 7.9[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# dmidecode |grep Name Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform Product Name: 440BX Desktop Reference Platform Manufacturer Name: Intel

CPU:[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# dmidecode |grep -i cpu|grep -i version|awk -F ':' '{print $2}' Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10210U CPU @ 1.60GHz

4.1.2 检查内存

orgrep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'

4.1.3 检查swap

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache availableMem: 3.8G 154M 3.6G 8.8M 121M 3.5GSwap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]#

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache availableMem: 3.8G 155M 3.6G 8.8M 121M 3.5GSwap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G

orgrep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'4021836[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'4194300

4.1.4 检查/tmp

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# df -h /tmpFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/ol-tmp 10G 33M 10G 1% /tmp

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# df -h /tmpFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/ol-tmp 10G 33M 10G 1% /tmp

4.1.4 检查时间和时区

检查时间和时区

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# dateTue Jul 27 23:14:02 CST 2021[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# dateTue Jul 27 23:14:01 CST 2021

时区：[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# timedatectl status|grep Local Local time: Tue 2021-07-27 23:15:42 CST[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# date -RTue, 27 Jul 2021 23:16:21 +0800

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# timedatectl status|grep Local Local time: Tue 2021-07-27 23:15:41 CST[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# date -RTue, 27 Jul 2021 23:16:20 +0800[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]#

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# timedatectl | grep "Asia/Shanghai" Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# timedatectl | grep "Asia/Shanghai" Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)

--设置时区: timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Shanghai" && timedatectl status|grep Local

4.2 主机名和hosts文件

4.2.1 设置和检查主机名

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# hostnamectl status Static hostname: oracle19c-rac1 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 34ebaf27901a40b48fc42276652571d4 Boot ID: 0f9f03ed0ac1456aa94b5a76fe8bbead Virtualization: vmware Operating System: Oracle Linux Server 7.9 CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:oracle:linux:7:9:server Kernel: Linux 5.4.17-2102.201.3.el7uek.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# hostnamectl status Static hostname: oracle19c-rac2 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: f1b57a32977647909b24903f1e20dcf6 Boot ID: 32567092d4c140e6a1f82cada7da5e07 Virtualization: vmware Operating System: Oracle Linux Server 7.9 CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:oracle:linux:7:9:server Kernel: Linux 5.4.17-2102.201.3.el7uek.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64

设置方法： hostnamectl set-hostname oracle19c-rac1 hostnamectl set-hostname oracle19c-rac2

--主机名允许使用小写字母、数字和中横线（-），并且只能以小写字母开头。

4.2.2 调整hosts文件

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6#public ip192.168.245.141 oracle19c-rac1192.168.245.142 oracle19c-rac2#private ip192.168.28.141 oracle19c-rac1-priv192.168.28.142 oracle19c-rac2-priv#vip192.168.245.143 oracle19c-rac1-vip192.168.245.144 oracle19c-rac2-vip#scanip192.168.245.145 oracle19c-rac-scan1

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6#public ip192.168.245.141 oracle19c-rac1192.168.245.142 oracle19c-rac2#private ip192.168.28.141 oracle19c-rac1-priv192.168.28.142 oracle19c-rac2-priv#vip192.168.245.143 oracle19c-rac1-vip192.168.245.144 oracle19c-rac2-vip#scanip192.168.245.145 oracle19c-rac-scan1

4.3 网卡（虚拟）配置、netwok文件

4.3.1 （可选）禁用虚拟网卡

systemctl stop libvirtdsystemctl disable libvirtd

Note：对于虚拟机可选，需要重启操作系统

4.3.2 检查节点的网卡名和IP

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# ip a1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:75:c0:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.245.141/24 brd 192.168.245.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::29c:ece5:a550:57c0/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: ens34: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:75:c0:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.28.141/24 brd 192.168.28.255 scope global noprefixroute ens34 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::df7c:406a:1561:b983/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]#

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# ip a1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:be:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.245.142/24 brd 192.168.245.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::bba7:d9fc:63bf:363d/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: ens34: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:be:38 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.28.142/24 brd 192.168.28.255 scope global noprefixroute ens34 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::1d01:e007:acaf:aaf2/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

需要确认两个节点的网卡名一致，否者安装会出现问题。如何两个节点名称不一致，可以通过如下方式修改某一个节点.

cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{type}=="1", ATTR{address}=="00:50:56:86:64:82", KERNEL=="ens256" NAME="ens224"

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{type}=="1", ATTR{address}=="00:50:56:86:05:a1", KERNEL=="ens161" NAME="ens192"

4.3.3 测试连通性

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# ping oracle19c-rac1PING oracle19c-rac1 (192.168.245.141) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1 (192.168.245.141): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.101 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1 (192.168.245.141): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms^C--- oracle19c-rac1 ping statistics ---2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1009msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.056/0.078/0.101/0.024 ms[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# ping oracle19c-rac2PING oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.313 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=3.21 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.484 ms^C--- oracle19c-rac2 ping statistics ---3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2021msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.313/1.337/3.216/1.330 ms[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# ping oracle19c-rac2-privPING oracle19c-rac2-priv (192.168.28.142) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2-priv (192.168.28.142): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.867 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2-priv (192.168.28.142): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.453 ms^C--- oracle19c-rac2-priv ping statistics ---2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.453/0.660/0.867/0.207 ms[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# ping oracle19c-rac1-privPING oracle19c-rac1-priv (192.168.28.141) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1-priv (192.168.28.141): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.534 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1-priv (192.168.28.141): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.049 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1-priv (192.168.28.141): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.114 ms^C--- oracle19c-rac1-priv ping statistics ---3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2074msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.049/0.232/0.534/0.215 ms

4.3.4 调整network

当使用Oracle集群的时候，Zero Configuration Network一样可能会导致节点间的通信问题，所以也应该停掉Without zeroconf, a network administrator must set up network services, such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS), or configure each computer's network settings manually.在使用平常的网络设置方式的情况下是可以停掉Zero Conf的


两个节点执行

echo "NOZEROCONF=yes" >>/etc/sysconfig/network && cat /etc/sysconfig/network

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# echo "NOZEROCONF=yes" >>/etc/sysconfig/network && cat /etc/sysconfig/network# Created by anacondaNOZEROCONF=yes

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# echo "NOZEROCONF=yes" >>/etc/sysconfig/network && cat /etc/sysconfig/network# Created by anacondaNOZEROCONF=yes

4.4 调整/dev/shm

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted ondevtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs 2.0G 8.8M 2.0G 1% /runtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/ol-root 10G 1.4G 8.7G 14% //dev/mapper/ol-u01 70G 8.1G 62G 12% /u01/dev/mapper/ol-tmp 10G 33M 10G 1% /tmp/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boottmpfs 393M 0 393M 0% /run/user/0

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted ondevtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs 2.0G 8.8M 2.0G 1% /runtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/ol-root 10G 1.4G 8.7G 14% //dev/mapper/ol-u01 70G 33M 70G 1% /u01/dev/mapper/ol-tmp 10G 33M 10G 1% /tmp/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boottmpfs 393M 0 393M 0% /run/user/0

需要把/dev/shm调整到4G

Linux OL7/RHEL7: PRVE-0421 : No entry exists in /etc/fstab for mounting /dev/shm (文档 ID 2065603.1)

cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`echo "tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,exec,size=4G 0 0">>/etc/fstab

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# echo "tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,exec,size=4G 0 0">>/etc/fstab[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]#[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# cat /etc/fstab

## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Sun Jul 25 17:13:08 2021## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info#/dev/mapper/ol-root / xfs defaults 0 0UUID=9d5cc891-b252-41b1-a721-0ce462e56a30 /boot xfs defaults 0 0/dev/mapper/ol-tmp /tmp xfs defaults 0 0/dev/mapper/ol-u01 /u01 xfs defaults 0 0/dev/mapper/ol-swap swap swap defaults 0 0tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,exec,size=4G 0 0[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]#[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# mount -o remount /dev/shm[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted ondevtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /devtmpfs 4.0G 0 4.0G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs 2.0G 8.8M 2.0G 1% /runtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/ol-root 10G 1.4G 8.7G 14% //dev/mapper/ol-u01 70G 8.1G 62G 12% /u01/dev/mapper/ol-tmp 10G 33M 10G 1% /tmp/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boottmpfs 393M 0 393M 0% /run/user/0

4.5 关闭THP和numa

检查： cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

修改sed -i 's/quiet/quiet transparent_hugepage=never numa=off/' /etc/default/grubgrep quiet /etc/default/grubgrub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

重启后检查是否生效：

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabledcat /proc/cmdline

#不重启,临时生效echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabledcat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

4.6 关闭防火墙

#关闭防火墙systemctl stop firewalldsystemctl disable firewalldsystemctl status firewalld[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalldRemoved symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabledalways madvise [never]

4.7 关闭selinux

cp /etc/selinux/config /etc/selinux/config_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`&& sed -i 's/SELINUX\=enforcing/SELINUX\=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

cat /etc/selinux/config#不重启setenforce 0getenforce

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# sestatusSELinux status: enabledSELinuxfs mount: /sys/fs/selinuxSELinux root directory: /etc/selinuxLoaded policy name: targetedCurrent mode: permissiveMode from config file: disabledPolicy MLS status: enabledPolicy deny_unknown status: allowedMax kernel policy version: 31[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# sestatusSELinux status: enabledSELinuxfs mount: /sys/fs/selinuxSELinux root directory: /etc/selinuxLoaded policy name: targetedCurrent mode: permissiveMode from config file: disabledPolicy MLS status: enabledPolicy deny_unknown status: allowedMax kernel policy version: 31

4.8 配置软件yum源，安装软件包

#mount cdrommount /dev/cdrom /mnt#设置cd /etc/yum.repos.d/mkdir bakmv *.repo ./bak/cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/oracle-linux-ol7.repo << "EOF"[base]name=basebaseurl=file:///mntenabled=1gpgcheck=0EOF#测试yum repolist

#检查（根据官方文档要求）rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' \bc \binutils \compat-libcap1 \compat-libstdc++-33 \elfutils-libelf \elfutils-libelf-devel \fontconfig-devel \glibc \gcc \gcc-c++ \glibc \glibc-devel \ksh \libstdc++ \libstdc++-devel \libaio \libaio-devel \libXrender \libXrender-devel \libxcb \libX11 \libXau \libXi \libXtst \libgcc \libstdc++-devel \make \sysstat \unzip \readline \smartmontools

#安装软件包和工具包

yum install -y bc*  ntp* binutils*  compat-libcap1*  compat-libstdc++*  dtrace-modules*  dtrace-modules-headers*  dtrace-modules-provider-headers*  dtrace-utils*  elfutils-libelf*  elfutils-libelf-devel* fontconfig-devel*  glibc*  glibc-devel*  ksh*  libaio*  libaio-devel*  libdtrace-ctf-devel*  libXrender*  libXrender-devel*  libX11*  libXau*  libXi*  libXtst*  libgcc*  librdmacm-devel*  libstdc++*  libstdc++-devel*  libxcb*  make*  net-tools*  nfs-utils*  python*  python-configshell*  python-rtslib*  python-six*  targetcli*  smartmontools*  sysstat* gcc* nscd* unixODBC* unzip readline tigervnc*

已经上传相关软件到/u01/sw下，两个节点rpm -ivh /u01/sw/compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm#检查rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' \bc \binutils \compat-libcap1 \compat-libstdc++-33 \elfutils-libelf \elfutils-libelf-devel \fontconfig-devel \glibc \gcc \gcc-c++ \glibc \glibc-devel \ksh \libstdc++ \libstdc++-devel \libaio \libaio-devel \libXrender \libXrender-devel \libxcb \libX11 \libXau \libXi \libXtst \libgcc \libstdc++-devel \make \sysstat \unzip \readline \smartmontools

4.9 配置核心参数

编者注：在 Linux 7之前，内核参数文件是修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，但在 Linux 7.x 之后发生了变化（/etc/sysctl.d/97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf）：但仍然可以修改这个文件，没有什么不一样，官方文档中 19c 使用 97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf。生效方式： /sbin/sysctl --system

主要核心参数手工计算如下：

MEM=$(expr $(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo|awk '{print $2}') \* 1024)

SHMALL=$(expr $MEM / $(getconf PAGE_SIZE))

SHMMAX=$(expr $MEM \* 3 / 5) # 这里配置为3/5 RAM大小

echo $MEM

echo $SHMALL

echo $SHMMAX

min_free_kbytes = sqrt(lowmem_kbytes * 16) = 4 * sqrt(lowmem_kbytes)(注：lowmem_kbytes即可认为是系统内存大小）

vm.nr_hugepages =(内存M/3+ASM内存大小4096M)/Hugepagesize M

#操作系统内存的1/3加上ASM实例内存4G。

#x86平台 Hugepagesize =2048即2M，linuxone平台Hugepagesize=1024 即1M

# 例x86平台64G内存 (64G*1024/3+4096M)/2M=12971

例x86平台32G内存 (32G*1024/3+4096M)/2M=7509

例x86平台16G内存 (16G*1024/3+4096M)/2M=4778

#linuxone平台 64G内存 (64G*1024/3+4096M)/1M=25942

#linuxone平台 32G内存 (32G*1024/3+4096M)/1M=12971

256*1024/3+4096

cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bakmemTotal=$(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}')totalMemory=$((memTotal / 2048))shmall=$((memTotal / 4))if [ $shmall -lt 2097152 ]; then shmall=2097152fishmmax=$((memTotal * 1024 - 1))if [ "$shmmax" -lt 4294967295 ]; then shmmax=4294967295ficat <<EOF>>/etc/sysctl.conffs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = $shmallkernel.shmmax = $shmmaxkernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 16777216net.core.rmem_max = 16777216net.core.wmem_max = 16777216net.core.wmem_default = 16777216fs.aio-max-nr = 6194304vm.dirty_ratio=20vm.dirty_background_ratio=3vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=100vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=500vm.swappiness=10vm.min_free_kbytes=524288net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 30000net.core.netdev_budget = 600#vm.nr_hugepages = net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.ipfrag_time = 60net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=6291456net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh = 8388608EOF

sysctl -p

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# sysctl -pfs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 4294967295kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 16777216net.core.rmem_max = 16777216net.core.wmem_max = 16777216net.core.wmem_default = 16777216fs.aio-max-nr = 6194304vm.dirty_ratio = 20vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500vm.swappiness = 10vm.min_free_kbytes = 524288net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 30000net.core.netdev_budget = 600net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.ipfrag_time = 60net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh = 6291456net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh = 8388608

4.10 关闭avahi服务

systemctl stop avahi-deamonsystemctl disable avahi-deamonsystemctl stop avahi-chsconfdsystemctl disable avahi-chsconfd

4.11 关闭其他服务

--禁用开机启动systemctl disable accounts-daemon.service systemctl disable atd.service systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket systemctl disable bluetooth.service systemctl disable brltty.service--systemctl disable chronyd.servicesystemctl disable colord.service systemctl disable cups.service systemctl disable debug-shell.service systemctl disable firewalld.service systemctl disable gdm.service systemctl disable ksmtuned.service systemctl disable ktune.service systemctl disable libstoragemgmt.service systemctl disable mcelog.service systemctl disable ModemManager.service --systemctl disable ntpd.servicesystemctl disable postfix.service systemctl disable postfix.service systemctl disable rhsmcertd.service systemctl disable rngd.service systemctl disable rpcbind.service systemctl disable rtkit-daemon.service systemctl disable tuned.servicesystemctl disable upower.service systemctl disable wpa_supplicant.service--停止服务systemctl stop accounts-daemon.service systemctl stop atd.service systemctl stop avahi-daemon.service systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket systemctl stop bluetooth.service systemctl stop brltty.service--systemctl stop chronyd.servicesystemctl stop colord.service systemctl stop cups.service systemctl stop debug-shell.service systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl stop gdm.service systemctl stop ksmtuned.service systemctl stop ktune.service systemctl stop libstoragemgmt.service systemctl stop mcelog.service systemctl stop ModemManager.service --systemctl stop ntpd.servicesystemctl stop postfix.service systemctl stop postfix.service systemctl stop rhsmcertd.service systemctl stop rngd.service systemctl stop rpcbind.service systemctl stop rtkit-daemon.service systemctl stop tuned.servicesystemctl stop upower.service systemctl stop wpa_supplicant.service

暂时不停止chrony和ntp

4.12 配置ssh服务

--配置LoginGraceTime参数为0, 将timeout wait设置为无限制

cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"` && sed -i '/#LoginGraceTime 2m/ s/#LoginGraceTime 2m/LoginGraceTime 0/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config && grep LoginGraceTime /etc/ssh/sshd_config

--加快SSH登陆速度，禁用DNS

cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"` && sed -i '/#UseDNS yes/ s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config && grep UseDNS /etc/ssh/sshd_config

4.13 hugepage配置（可选）

与AMM冲突如果您有较大的RAM和SGA，则HugePages对于在Linux上提高Oracle数据库性能至关重要grep HugePagesize /proc/meminfoHugepagesize: 2048 kB

chmod 755 hugepages_settings.sh需要在数据库启动情况下执行

脚本：cat hugepages_settings.sh#!/bin/bash## hugepages_settings.sh## Linux bash script to compute values for the# recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration# on Oracle Linux## Note: This script does calculation for all shared memory# segments available when the script is run, no matter it# is an Oracle RDBMS shared memory segment or not.## This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support# http://support.oracle.com

# Welcome textecho "This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support(http://support.oracle.com) where it is intended to compute values forthe recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration for the current sharedmemory segments on Oracle Linux. Before proceeding with the execution please note following: * For ASM instance, it needs to configure ASMM instead of AMM. * The 'pga_aggregate_target' is outside the SGA and you should accommodate this while calculating the overall size. * In case you changes the DB SGA size, as the new SGA will not fit in the previous HugePages configuration, it had better disable the whole HugePages, start the DB with new SGA size and run the script again.And make sure that: * Oracle Database instance(s) are up and running * Oracle Database 11g Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not setup (See Doc ID 749851.1) * The shared memory segments can be listed by command: # ipcs -m

Press Enter to proceed..."

read

# Check for the kernel versionKERN=`uname -r | awk -F. '{ printf("%d.%d/n",$1,$2); }'`

# Find out the HugePage sizeHPG_SZ=`grep Hugepagesize /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'`if [ -z "$HPG_SZ" ];then echo "The hugepages may not be supported in the system where the script is being executed." exit 1fi

# Initialize the counterNUM_PG=0

# Cumulative number of pages required to handle the running shared memory segmentsfor SEG_BYTES in `ipcs -m | cut -c44-300 | awk '{print $1}' | grep "[0-9][0-9]*"`do MIN_PG=`echo "$SEG_BYTES/($HPG_SZ*1024)" | bc -q` if [ $MIN_PG -gt 0 ]; then NUM_PG=`echo "$NUM_PG+$MIN_PG+1" | bc -q` fidone

RES_BYTES=`echo "$NUM_PG * $HPG_SZ * 1024" | bc -q`

# An SGA less than 100MB does not make sense# Bail out if that is the caseif [ $RES_BYTES -lt 100000000 ]; then echo "***********" echo "** ERROR **" echo "***********" echo "Sorry! There are not enough total of shared memory segments allocated forHugePages configuration. HugePages can only be used for shared memory segmentsthat you can list by command:

# ipcs -m

of a size that can match an Oracle Database SGA. Please make sure that: * Oracle Database instance is up and running * Oracle Database 11g Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not configured" exit 1fi

# Finish with resultscase $KERN in '2.4') HUGETLB_POOL=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ/1024" | bc -q`; echo "Recommended setting: vm.hugetlb_pool = $HUGETLB_POOL" ;; '2.6') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;; '3.8') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;; '3.10') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;; '4.1') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;; '4.14') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;; '4.18') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;; '5.4') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;; *) echo "Kernel version $KERN is not supported by this script (yet). Exiting." ;;esac

# End

计算需要的页数：
linux 一个大页的大小为 2M，开启大页的总内存应该比 sga_max_size 稍稍大一点，比如
sga_max_size=3g，则：hugepages > (3*1024)/2 = 1536
配置 sysctl.conf 文件，添加：
[root@ node01 ~]$ vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
vm.nr_hugepages = 1550
配置/etc/security/limits.conf，添加（比 sga_max_size 稍大，官方建议为总物理内存的 90%，以 K 为
单位）：

[root@ node01 ~]$ vi /etc/security/limits.conforacle soft memlock 3400000oracle hard memlock 3400000

# vim /etc/sysctl.confvm.nr_hugepages = xxxx

# sysctl -pvim /etc/security/limits.conforacle soft memlock xxxxxxxxxxxoracle hard memlock xxxxxxxxxxx

4.14 修改login配置

cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOFsession required pam_limits.soEOF

4.15 配置用户限制

cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOFgrid soft nproc 2047grid hard nproc 16384grid soft nofile 1024grid hard nofile 65536grid soft stack 10240grid hard stack 32768

oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 10240oracle hard stack 32768oracle soft memlock 3145728oracle hard memlock 3145728EOF

4.16 配置NTP服务（可选）

ntpchony-x

4.16.1 使用ctss

各节点系统时间校对:--检验时间和时区确认正确date

--关闭chrony服务，移除chrony配置文件（后续使用ctss）systemctl list-unit-files|grep chronydsystemctl status chronyd

systemctl disable chronydsystemctl stop chronyd

mv /etc/chrony.conf /etc/chrony.conf_bakmv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf_baksystemctl list-unit-files|grep -E 'ntp|chrony'--这里实验环境，选择不使用NTP和chrony，这样Oracle会自动使用自己的ctss服务

4.16.2 使用ntp

1）修改所有节点的/etc/ntp.conf【命令】vi /etc/ntp.conf【内容】restrict 192.168.6.3 nomodify notrap nopeer noquery //当前节点IP地址

restrict 192.168.6.2 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap  //集群所在网段的网关（Gateway），子网掩码（Genmask）

2）选择一个主节点，修改其/etc/ntp.conf【命令】vi /etc/ntp.conf【内容】在server部分添加一下部分，并注释掉server 0 ~ n

server 127.127.1.0Fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10

3）主节点以外，继续修改/etc/ntp.conf【命令】vi /etc/ntp.conf【内容】在server部分添加如下语句，将server指向主节点。server 192.168.6.3Fudge 192.168.6.3 stratum 10

节点1echosystemctl status ntpdsystemctl stop ntpdsystemctl stop chronydsystemctl disable chronydsed -i 's/OPTIONS="-g"/OPTIONS="-g -x"/' /etc/sysconfig/ntpdvim /etc/ntp.conf注释serversed '/^server/s/^/#/' /etc/ntp.conf -iserver 127.127.1.0Fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10# Hosts on local network are less restricted.restrict 192.168.245.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap把网段改为 192.168.245.0,取消注释# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).#server 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst#server 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst#server 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst#server 3.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst

server 127.127.1.0Fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10

#broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server#broadcastclient # broadcast client#broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server#multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client#manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server#manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client

# Enable public key cryptography.#crypto

includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw

# Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating# with symmetric key cryptography.keys /etc/ntp/keys---把网段改为 192.168.245.0

systemctl start ntpdsystemctl enable ntpdecho

节点2 echosystemctl stop ntpdsystemctl stop chronydsystemctl disable chronydsed -i 's/OPTIONS="-g"/OPTIONS="-g -x"/' /etc/sysconfig/ntpdsed -i 's/^server/#server/g' /etc/ntp.confsed -i '$a server 192.168.245.141 iburst' /etc/ntp.conf

systemctl start ntpdsystemctl enable ntpdecho

检查ntp配置文件/etc/sysconfig/ntpd，也已经从默认值OPTIONS="-g"修改成OPTIONS="-x -g"，但是在使用命令$ cluvfy comp clocksync -n all –verbose检查时为什么会失败呢？

通过MOS文档《Linux:CVU NTP Prerequisite check fails with PRVF-7590, PRVG-1024 and PRVF-5415 (Doc ID2126223.1)》分析可以看出：If var/run/ntpd.pid does not existon the server, the CVU command fails. This is due to unpublished bug 19427746 which has been fixed in Oracle 12.2.（意思是：如果服务器上不存在/var/run/ntpd.pid，则CVU命令失败。这是由于未发布的错误BUG 19427746，该错误已在Oracle 12.2中修复。）

4.16.3 使用chony

最小化安装没有安装相关包
需要自行安装 yum -y install chrony
配置文件说明

$ cat /etc/chrony.conf

# 使用pool.ntp.org项目中的公共服务器。以server开，理论上你想添加多少时间服务器都可以。# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

# 根据实际时间计算出服务器增减时间的比率，然后记录到一个文件中，在系统重启后为系统做出最佳时间补偿调整。

driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift

# chronyd根据需求减慢或加速时间调整，# 在某些情况下系统时钟可能漂移过快，导致时间调整用时过长。# 该指令强制chronyd调整时期，大于某个阀值时步进调整系统时钟。

# 只有在因chronyd启动时间超过指定的限制时（可使用负值来禁用限制）没有更多时钟更新时才生效。

makestep 1.0 3

# 将启用一个内核模式，在该模式中，系统时间每11分钟会拷贝到实时时钟（RTC）。rtcsync

# Enable hardware timestamping on all interfaces that support it.# 通过使用hwtimestamp指令启用硬件时间戳#hwtimestamp eth0#hwtimestamp eth1#hwtimestamp *

# Increase the minimum number of selectable sources required to adjust# the system clock.#minsources 2

# 指定一台主机、子网，或者网络以允许或拒绝NTP连接到扮演时钟服务器的机器#allow 192.168.0.0/16#deny 192.168/16

# Serve time even if not synchronized to a time source.local stratum 10

# 指定包含NTP验证密钥的文件。#keyfile /etc/chrony.keys

# 指定日志文件的目录。logdir /var/log/chrony

# Select which information is logged.#log measurements statistics trackingRAC1:

1 先注释server ：sed '/^server/s/^/#/' /etc/chrony.conf -i注释server

2 # vi /etc/chrony.conf

# Serve time even if not synchronized to a time source.开启该服务,在不与外网同步时间的情况下,依然为下层终端提供同步服务

local stratum 10

#allow用来标记允许同步的网段或主机，下例是允许192.168.245.0/24这个网段的终端来同步，127/8是本机和自己同步。

allow 192.168.245.0/24

server 127.0.0.1 iburst --表示本机同步allow #允许所有网段连入local stratum 10

3 重新启动 systemctl restart chronyd.service

RAC2:

1 先注释server ：sed '/^server/s/^/#/' /etc/chrony.conf -i注释server

2 # vi /etc/chrony.conf server 192.168.245.141 iburst --表示RAC1同步

重启时间同步服务: systemctl restart chronyd.service systemctl enable chronyd.service 查看时间同步源: # chronyc sources -v chronyc sourcestats -v

查看 ntp_servers 是否在线chronyc activity -v

查看 ntp 详细信息chronyc tracking -v

4.17 创建组和用户

groupadd -g 54321 oinstallgroupadd -g 54322 dbagroupadd -g 54323 opergroupadd -g 54324 backupdbagroupadd -g 54325 dgdbagroupadd -g 54326 kmdbagroupadd -g 54327 asmdbagroupadd -g 54328 asmopergroupadd -g 54329 asmadmingroupadd -g 54330 racdbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,asmdba,racdba -u 10000 oracleuseradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,asmoper,asmadmin,racdba -u 10001 gridecho "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracleecho "grid" | passwd --stdin grid

4.18 创建目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/19.3.0/gridmkdir -p /u01/app/gridmkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1chown -R grid:oinstall /u01chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraclechmod -R 775 /u01/

4.19 配置用户环境变量

4.19.1 grid

cat >> /home/grid/.bash_profile << "EOF"################add#########################umask 022export TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/gridexport ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19.3.0/gridexport TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexport ORACLE_SID=+ASM1export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATHalias sas='sqlplus / as sysasm'export PS1="[\`whoami\`@\`hostname\`:"'$PWD]\$ '

EOF

cat >> /home/grid/.bash_profile << "EOF"################ enmo add#########################umask 022export TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/gridexport ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19.3.0/gridexport TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexport ORACLE_SID=+ASM2export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATHalias sas='sqlplus / as sysasm'export PS1="[\`whoami\`@\`hostname\`:"'$PWD]\$ '

EOF

4.19.2 oracle

cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile << "EOF"################ add#########################umask 022export TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle19c-rac1export TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexport ORACLE_SID=orcl1export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATHalias sas='sqlplus / as sysdba'export PS1="[\`whoami\`@\`hostname\`:"'$PWD]\$ 'EOF

cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile << "EOF"################ add#########################umask 022export TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle19c-rac1export TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexport ORACLE_SID=orcl2export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATHalias sas='sqlplus / as sysdba'export PS1="[\`whoami\`@\`hostname\`:"'$PWD]\$ 'EOF

4.20 配置共享存储（multipath+udev）

4.20.1 multipath

##安装multipathyum install -y device-mapper*mpathconf --enable --with_multipathd y##查看共享盘的scsi_id/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdb/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdc/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdd/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sde/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdf##配置multipath，wwid的值为上面获取的scsi_id，alias可自定义，这里配置3块OCR盘，2块DATA盘defaults { user_friendly_names yes}这里可以和之前的冲突了

cp /etc/multipath.conf /etc/multipath.conf.baksed '/^/s/^/#/' /etc/ntp.conf -i 注释所有的行

cat <<EOF>> /etc/multipath.confdefaults { user_friendly_names yes}

blacklist { devnode "^sda"}

multipaths { multipath { wwid "36000c29a961f7eb1208473713ca7b007" alias asm_ocr01 } multipath { wwid "36000c29f87ed61db71c60bd3d6e737dc" alias asm_ocr02 } multipath { wwid "36000c297c53b91255620471a6deb6853" alias asm_ocr03 } multipath { wwid "36000c29e516572af5c105d12e8c0db12" alias asm_data01 } multipath { wwid "36000c29d6be6679787ceadf23b29b180" alias asm_data02 }}EOF

激活multipath多路径：multipath -Fmultipath -v2multipath -ll

4.20.2 UDEV

cd /dev/mapperfor i in asm_*; do printf "%s %s\n" "$i" "$(udevadm info --query=all --name=/dev/mapper/"$i" | grep -i dm_uuid)" >>/dev/mapper/udev_infodonewhile read -r line; do dm_uuid=$(echo "$line" | awk -F'=' '{print $2}') disk_name=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $1}')

  echo "KERNEL==\"dm-*\",ENV{DM_UUID}==\"${dm_uuid}\",SYMLINK+=\"${disk_name}\",OWNER=\"grid\",GROUP=\"asmadmin\",MODE=\"0660\"" >>/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

done < /dev/mapper/udev_info##重载udevudevadm control --reload-rulesudevadm trigger --type=devicesll /dev/asm*

[root@oracle19c-rac2 dev]# more /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-36000c29e516572af5c105d12e8c0db12",SYMLINK+="asm_data01",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-36000c29d6be6679787ceadf23b29b180",SYMLINK+="asm_data02",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-36000c29a961f7eb1208473713ca7b007",SYMLINK+="asm_ocr01",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-36000c29f87ed61db71c60bd3d6e737dc",SYMLINK+="asm_ocr02",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-36000c297c53b91255620471a6deb6853",SYMLINK+="asm_ocr03",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

[root@oracle19c-rac2 dev]#

[root@oracle19c-rac2 mapper]# lltotal 4lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 28 15:44 asm_data01 -> ../dm-7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 28 15:44 asm_data02 -> ../dm-8lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 28 15:44 asm_ocr01 -> ../dm-4lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 28 15:44 asm_ocr02 -> ../dm-5lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 28 15:44 asm_ocr03 -> ../dm-6crw------- 1 root root 10, 236 Jul 28 15:44 controllrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 28 15:44 ol-root -> ../dm-0lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 28 15:44 ol-swap -> ../dm-1lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 28 15:44 ol-tmp -> ../dm-2lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 28 15:44 ol-u01 -> ../dm-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 307 Jul 28 15:44 udev_info[root@oracle19c-rac2 mapper]# ll /dev/dm*brw-rw---- 1 root disk 252, 0 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dm-0brw-rw---- 1 root disk 252, 1 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dm-1brw-rw---- 1 root disk 252, 2 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dm-2brw-rw---- 1 root disk 252, 3 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dm-3brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 252, 4 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dm-4brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 252, 5 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dm-5brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 252, 6 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dm-6brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 252, 7 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dm-7brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 252, 8 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dm-8crw-rw---- 1 root audio 14, 9 Jul 28 15:44 /dev/dmmidi

4.20.2 UDEV(非multipath）

for i in b c d e ;doecho "KERNEL==\"sd*\", ENV{DEVTYPE}==\"disk\", SUBSYSTEM==\"block\", PROGRAM==\"/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d \$devnode\",RESULT==\"`/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sd$i`\", SYMLINK+=\"asm-disk$i\", OWNER=\"grid\", GROUP=\"asmadmin\", MODE=\"0660\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rulesdone# 加载rules文件,重新加载udev rule/sbin/udevadm control --reload# 检查新的设备名称/sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change# 诊断udev rule /sbin/udevadm test /sys/block/*

用脚本生成udev 配置：

for i in b c d e f;do

echo "KERNEL==/"sd*/",ENV{DEVTYPE}==/"disk/",SUBSYSTEM==/"block/",PROGRAM==/"/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /$devnode/",RESULT==/"`/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sd$i`/", RUN+=/"/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdisk$i b  /$major /$minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdisk$i; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdisk$i'/""

done将脚本内容写入/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules 文件。

[root@rac1 software]# vim /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules[root@rac1 software]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36000c29cf5ef7bd3907344106bcca59b", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskb b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskb; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskb'"

KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36000c293ef1e02395716263ee17e8926", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskc b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskc; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskc'"

KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36000c29a790b610473d4800954053180", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskd b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskd; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskd'"

KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36000c292fe31e2c5ec2cf689791c09d7", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiske b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiske; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiske'"

KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36000c29c87abcc922d24e7bc0e2978a7", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskf b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskf; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskf'"

KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="36000c297ede8a5b0a407451699668920", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskg b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskg; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskg'"

让UDEV生效：/sbin/udevadm trigger —type=devices —action=change

or

KERNEL=="sdb", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name",RESULT=="360003ff44dc75adc8cec9cce0033f402", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sdc", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name",RESULT=="360003ff44dc75adc9ba684d395391bae", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660

ll /dev/asm*

4.20.3 afd（不推荐）

Use Oracle ASM command line tool (ASMCMD) to provision the disk devicesfor use with Oracle ASM Filter Driver.[root@19c-node1 grid]# asmcmd afd_label DATA1 /dev/sdb --init[root@19c-node1 grid]# asmcmd afd_label DATA2 /dev/sdc --init[root@19c-node1 grid]# asmcmd afd_label DATA3 /dev/sdd --init[root@19c-node1 grid]# asmcmd afd_lslbl /dev/sdb[root@19c-node1 grid]# asmcmd afd_lslbl /dev/sdc[root@19c-node1 grid]# asmcmd afd_lslbl /dev/sdd

4.21 配置IO调度

说明：# cat /sys/block/${ASM_DISK}/queue/schedulernoop [deadline] cfq

If the default disk I/O scheduler is not Deadline, then set it using a rules file:1. Using a text editor, create a UDEV rules file for the Oracle ASM devices:# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/60-oracle-schedulers.rules2. Add the following line to the rules file and save it:ACTION=="add|change", KERNEL=="sd[a-z]", ATTR{queue/rotational}=="0",ATTR{queue/scheduler}="deadline"3. On clustered systems, copy the rules file to all other nodes on the cluster. Forexample:$ scp 60-oracle-schedulers.rules root@node2:/etc/udev/rules.d/4. Load the rules file and restart the UDEV service. For example:a. Oracle Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Linux#udevadm control --reload-rules && udevadm trigger

操作：cat /etc/udev/rules.d/60-oracle-schedulers.rulesACTION=="add|change", KERNEL=="dm-[a-z]", ATTR{queue/rotational}=="0", ATTR{queue/scheduler}="deadline"udevadm control --reload-rules && udevadm trigger

[root@oracle19c-rac1 dev]# cat /sys/block/dm-0/ dm-1/ dm-2/ dm-3/ dm-4/ dm-5/ dm-6/ dm-7/ dm-8/ sda/ sdb/ sdc/ sdd/ sde/ sdf/ sr0/[root@oracle19c-rac1 dev]# cat /sys/block/dm-4/queue/scheduler[mq-deadline] kyber bfq none[root@oracle19c-rac1 dev]#[root@oracle19c-rac1 dev

4.22 重启OS

4.23 整体check脚本检查

##################################################################################### 重启操作系统进行修改验证## 需要人工干预###################################################################################

##################################################################################### 检查修改信息###################################################################################echo "###################################################################################"echo "检查修改信息"echoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/etc/selinux/config"echocat /etc/selinux/configechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/etc/sysconfig/network"echocat /etc/sysconfig/networkechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled"echocat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabledechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/etc/hosts"echocat /etc/hostsechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/etc/ntp.conf"echocat /etc/ntp.confechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/etc/sysctl.conf"echocat /etc/sysctl.confechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/etc/security/limits.conf"echocat /etc/security/limits.confechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/etc/pam.d/login"echocat /etc/pam.d/loginechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/etc/profile"echocat /etc/profileechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/home/grid/.bash_profile"echocat /home/grid/.bash_profileechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echoecho "/home/oracle/.bash_profile"echocat /home/oracle/.bash_profileechoechoecho "--------------------------------systemctl------------------------------------------"echosystemctl status firewalldechosystemctl status avahi-daemonechosystemctl status nscdechosystemctl status ntpdechoechoecho "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"echo

rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n'  bc  binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33  elfutils-libelf  elfutils-libelf-devel  fontconfig-devel  glibc  glibc-devel  ksh  libaio  libaio-devel  libX11   libXau  libXi  libXtst  libXrender  libXrender-devel  libgcc  libstdc++  libstdc++-devel  libxcb  make  net-tools  nfs-utils  python  python-configshell  python-rtslib  python-six  targetcli  smartmontools  sysstat  gcc-c++  nscd  unixODBC

echoecho "################请仔细核对所有文件信息 !!!!!!!################"

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# vi check.sh[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# sh check.sh###################################################################################检查修改信息

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.SELINUX=disabled# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.# mls - Multi Level Security protection.SELINUXTYPE=targeted

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/sysconfig/network

# Created by anacondaNOZEROCONF=yes

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

always madvise [never]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6#public ip192.168.245.141 oracle19c-rac1192.168.245.142 oracle19c-rac2#private ip192.168.28.141 oracle19c-rac1-priv192.168.28.142 oracle19c-rac2-priv#vip192.168.245.143 oracle19c-rac1-vip192.168.245.144 oracle19c-rac2-vip#scanip192.168.245.145 oracle19c-rac-scan1

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/ntp.conf

cat: /etc/ntp.conf: No such file or directory

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/sysctl.conf

# sysctl settings are defined through files in# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.## Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.## For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 4294967295kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 16777216net.core.rmem_max = 16777216net.core.wmem_max = 16777216net.core.wmem_default = 16777216fs.aio-max-nr = 6194304vm.dirty_ratio=20vm.dirty_background_ratio=3vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=100vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=500vm.swappiness=10vm.min_free_kbytes=524288net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 30000net.core.netdev_budget = 600vm.nr_hugepages = 1550net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.ipfrag_time = 60net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=6291456net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh = 8388608

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/security/limits.conf

# /etc/security/limits.conf##This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.##Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.##Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:##<domain> <type> <item> <value>##Where:#<domain> can be:# - a user name# - a group name, with @group syntax# - the wildcard *, for default entry# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,# for maxlogin limit##<type> can have the two values:# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits##<item> can be one of the following:# - core - limits the core file size (KB)# - data - max data size (KB)# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors# - rss - max resident set size (KB)# - stack - max stack size (KB)# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)# - nproc - max number of processes# - as - address space limit (KB)# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system# - priority - the priority to run user process with# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold# - sigpending - max number of pending signals# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]# - rtprio - max realtime priority##<domain> <type> <item> <value>#

#* soft core 0#* hard rss 10000#@student hard nproc 20#@faculty soft nproc 20#@faculty hard nproc 50#ftp hard nproc 0#@student - maxlogins 4

# End of file

grid soft nproc 2047grid hard nproc 16384grid soft nofile 1024grid hard nofile 65536grid soft stack 10240grid hard stack 32768

oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 10240oracle hard stack 32768oracle soft memlock 3145728oracle hard memlock 3145728

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/pam.d/login

#%PAM-1.0auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.soauth substack system-authauth include postloginaccount required pam_nologin.soaccount include system-authpassword include system-auth# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rulesession required pam_selinux.so closesession required pam_loginuid.sosession optional pam_console.so# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user contextsession required pam_selinux.so opensession required pam_namespace.sosession optional pam_keyinit.so force revokesession include system-authsession include postlogin-session optional pam_ck_connector.sosession required pam_limits.so

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/profile

# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () { case ":${PATH}:" in *:"$1":*) ;; *) if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then PATH=$PATH:$1 else PATH=$1:$PATH fi esac}

if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then # ksh workaround EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u` UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru` fi USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`" LOGNAME=$USER MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"fi

# Path manipulationif [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then pathmunge /usr/sbin pathmunge /usr/local/sbinelse pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after pathmunge /usr/sbin afterfi

HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`HISTSIZE=1000if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then export HISTCONTROL=ignorebothelse export HISTCONTROL=ignoredupsfi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200# You could check uidgid reservation validity in# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid fileif [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then umask 002else umask 022fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh /etc/profile.d/sh.local ; do if [ -r "$i" ]; then if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then . "$i" else . "$i" >/dev/null fi fidone

unset iunset -f pathmunge

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/home/grid/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functionsif [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrcfi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH################add#########################umask 022export TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/gridexport ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19.3.0/gridexport TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexport ORACLE_SID=+ASM1export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATHalias sas='sqlplus / as sysasm'export PS1="[\`whoami\`@\`hostname\`:"'$PWD]\$ '

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/home/oracle/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functionsif [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrcfi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH################ add#########################umask 022export TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle19c-rac1export TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexport ORACLE_SID=orcl1export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATHalias sas='sqlplus / as sysdba'export PS1="[\`whoami\`@\`hostname\`:"'$PWD]\$ '

--------------------------------systemctl------------------------------------------

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:firewalld(1)

Unit avahi-daemon.service could not be found.

● nscd.service - Name Service Cache Daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead)

● ntpd.service - Network Time Service Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead)

Jul 28 14:46:53 oracle19c-rac1 ntpd[16379]: Listen normally on 5 lo ::1 UDP 123Jul 28 14:46:53 oracle19c-rac1 ntpd[16379]: Listen normally on 6 ens33 fe80::29c:ece5:a550:57c0 UDP 123Jul 28 14:46:53 oracle19c-rac1 ntpd[16379]: Listen normally on 7 ens34 fe80::df7c:406a:1561:b983 UDP 123Jul 28 14:46:53 oracle19c-rac1 ntpd[16379]: Listening on routing socket on fd #24 for interface updatesJul 28 14:46:53 oracle19c-rac1 ntpd[16379]: 0.0.0.0 c016 06 restartJul 28 14:46:53 oracle19c-rac1 ntpd[16379]: 0.0.0.0 c012 02 freq_set ntpd 0.000 PPMJul 28 14:46:53 oracle19c-rac1 ntpd[16379]: 0.0.0.0 c011 01 freq_not_setJul 28 14:46:54 oracle19c-rac1 ntpd[16379]: 0.0.0.0 c514 04 freq_modeJul 28 14:48:52 oracle19c-rac1 systemd[1]: Stopping Network Time Service...Jul 28 14:48:52 oracle19c-rac1 systemd[1]: Stopped Network Time Service.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

bc-1.06.95-13.el7 (x86_64)binutils-2.27-44.base.0.1.el7 (x86_64)compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7 (x86_64)compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7 (x86_64)elfutils-libelf-0.176-5.el7 (x86_64)elfutils-libelf-devel-0.176-5.el7 (x86_64)fontconfig-devel-2.13.0-4.3.el7 (x86_64)glibc-2.17-317.0.1.el7 (x86_64)glibc-devel-2.17-317.0.1.el7 (x86_64)ksh-20120801-142.0.1.el7 (x86_64)libaio-0.3.109-13.el7 (x86_64)libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7 (x86_64)libX11-1.6.7-2.el7 (x86_64)libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7 (x86_64)libXi-1.7.9-1.el7 (x86_64)libXtst-1.2.3-1.el7 (x86_64)libXrender-0.9.10-1.el7 (x86_64)libXrender-devel-0.9.10-1.el7 (x86_64)libgcc-4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 (x86_64)libstdc++-4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 (x86_64)libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 (x86_64)libxcb-1.13-1.el7 (x86_64)make-3.82-24.el7 (x86_64)net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 (x86_64)nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.0.1.el7 (x86_64)python-2.7.5-89.0.1.el7 (x86_64)python-configshell-1.1.26-1.0.1.el7 (noarch)python-rtslib-2.1.72-1.0.1.el7 (noarch)python-six-1.9.0-2.el7 (noarch)targetcli-2.1.51-2.0.1.el7 (noarch)smartmontools-7.0-2.el7 (x86_64)sysstat-10.1.5-19.el7 (x86_64)gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 (x86_64)nscd-2.17-317.0.1.el7 (x86_64)unixODBC-2.3.1-14.0.1.el7 (x86_64)################请仔细核对所有文件信息 !!!!!!!################

五、安装GI+RU

5.1 修改软件包权限

[root@oracle19c-rac1 sw]# chown grid:oinstall LINUX.X64_193000_*[root@oracle19c-rac1 sw]# chown grid:oinstall p*.zip[root@oracle19c-rac1 sw]# lltotal 8393312-rwxrwxr-x. 1 grid oinstall 195388 Jul 14 09:52 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm-rwxrwxr-x. 1 grid oinstall 3059705302 Jul 12 16:32 LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip-rwxrwxr-x. 1 grid oinstall 2889184573 Jul 12 17:19 LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip-rwxrwxr-x. 1 grid oinstall 2523672944 Jul 25 12:30 p32545008_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip-rwxrwxr-x. 1 grid oinstall 121981878 Jul 16 22:41 p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip[root@oracle19c-rac1 sw]#

5.2 解压缩软件

5.2.1 解压缩grid 软件

安全软件2.7G.解压后6.0unzip LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

5.2.2 升级OPatch

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ opatch versionOPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.17

OPatch succeeded.

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/19.3.0/grid]$ mv OPatch/ OPatchbak[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/19.3.0/grid]$ cd /u01/sw[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/sw]$ unzip p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/sw]$ opatch versionOPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.25

OPatch succeeded.

5.2.3 解压缩19.11RU

RU软件报是2.5G.解压缩为4.4G目录是 /u01/sw/ru/3254500

5.3 安装cvuqdisk软件

cvuqdisk RPM 包含在 Oracle Grid Infrastructure 安装介质上的cv/rpm 目录中设置环境变量 CVUQDISK_GRP，使其指向作为 cvuqdisk 的所有者所在的组（本文为 oinstall）：export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall使用 CVU 验证是否满足 Oracle 集群件要求记住要作为 grid 用户在将要执行 Oracle 安装的节点 (racnode1) 上运行。此外，必须为 grid用户配置通过用户等效性实现的 SSH 连通性,

root执行export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstallrpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.7-1.rpm

[root@oracle19c-rac1 rpm]# export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall[root@oracle19c-rac1 rpm]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpmPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1 ################################# [100%][root@oracle19c-rac1 rpm]# scp cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm oracle19c-rac2:/tmproot@oracle19c-rac2's password:cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm

传输到第 2 个节点上和安装scp cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm root@192.168.245.142:/tmpexport CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstallrpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.7-1.rpm

5.4 配置grid 用户ssh（可选）

grid用户

$ORACLE_HOME/oui/prov/resources/scripts/sshUserSetup.sh -user grid  -hosts "19c-h1 19c-h2"  -advanced -noPromptPassphrase

这里主要为了进行安装前检查设置的。

[root@oracle19c-rac1 sw]# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts/sshUserSetup.sh -user grid  -hosts "oracel19c-rac1 oracel19c-rac2"  -advanced -exverify –confirm

The output of this script is also logged into /tmp/sshUserSetup_2021-07-29-21-26-14.logHosts are oracel19c-rac1 oracel19c-rac2user is gridPlatform:- LinuxChecking if the remote hosts are reachableping: oracel19c-rac1: Name or service not knownping: oracel19c-rac2: Name or service not knownRemote host reachability check failed.The following hosts are reachable: .The following hosts are not reachable: oracel19c-rac1 oracel19c-rac2.Please ensure that all the hosts are up and re-run the script.Exiting now...[root@oracle19c-rac1 sw]#[root@oracle19c-rac1 sw]# pwd/u01/sw

[root@oracle19c-rac1 sw]# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts/sshUserSetup.sh -user grid  -hosts "oracel19c-rac1 oracel19c-rac2"  -advanced -exverify –confirm

The output of this script is also logged into /tmp/sshUserSetup_2021-07-29-21-27-01.logHosts are oracel19c-rac1 oracel19c-rac2user is gridPlatform:- LinuxChecking if the remote hosts are reachableping: oracel19c-rac1: Name or service not knownping: oracel19c-rac2: Name or service not knownRemote host reachability check failed.The following hosts are reachable: .The following hosts are not reachable: oracel19c-rac1 oracel19c-rac2.Please ensure that all the hosts are up and re-run the script.Exiting now...

[root@oracle19c-rac1 sw]# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts/sshUserSetup.sh -user grid  -hosts "oracle19c-rac1 oracle19c-rac2"  -advanced -exverify –confirm

The output of this script is also logged into /tmp/sshUserSetup_2021-07-29-21-27-21.logHosts are oracle19c-rac1 oracle19c-rac2user is gridPlatform:- LinuxChecking if the remote hosts are reachablePING oracle19c-rac1 (192.168.245.141) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1 (192.168.245.141): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.018 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1 (192.168.245.141): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1 (192.168.245.141): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.032 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1 (192.168.245.141): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac1 (192.168.245.141): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms

--- oracle19c-rac1 ping statistics ---5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4132msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.018/0.034/0.047/0.011 msPING oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.413 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.429 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.290 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.53 ms64 bytes from oracle19c-rac2 (192.168.245.142): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.232 ms

--- oracle19c-rac2 ping statistics ---5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4070msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.232/0.579/1.531/0.481 msRemote host reachability check succeeded.The following hosts are reachable: oracle19c-rac1 oracle19c-rac2.The following hosts are not reachable: .All hosts are reachable. Proceeding further...firsthost oracle19c-rac1numhosts 2The script will setup SSH connectivity from the host oracle19c-rac1 to allthe remote hosts. After the script is executed, the user can use SSH to runcommands on the remote hosts or copy files between this host oracle19c-rac1and the remote hosts without being prompted for passwords or confirmations.

NOTE 1:As part of the setup procedure, this script will use ssh and scp to copyfiles between the local host and the remote hosts. Since the script does notstore passwords, you may be prompted for the passwords during the execution ofthe script whenever ssh or scp is invoked.

NOTE 2:AS PER SSH REQUIREMENTS, THIS SCRIPT WILL SECURE THE USER HOME DIRECTORYAND THE .ssh DIRECTORY BY REVOKING GROUP AND WORLD WRITE PRIVILEGES TO THESEdirectories.

Do you want to continue and let the script make the above mentioned changes (yes/no)?yes

The user chose yes

Please specify if you want to specify a passphrase for the private key this script will create for the local host. Passphrase is used to encrypt the private key and makes SSH much more secure. Type 'yes' or 'no' and then press enter. In case you press 'yes', you would need to enter the passphrase whenever the script executes ssh or scp. no

The estimated number of times the user would be prompted for a passphrase is 4. In addition, if the private-public files are also newly created, the user would have to specify the passphrase on one additional occasion.

Enter 'yes' or 'no'.yes

The user chose yesCreating .ssh directory on local host, if not present alreadyCreating authorized_keys file on local hostChanging permissions on authorized_keys to 644 on local hostCreating known_hosts file on local hostChanging permissions on known_hosts to 644 on local hostCreating config file on local hostIf a config file exists already at /root/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to /root/.ssh/config.backup.Removing old private/public keys on local hostRunning SSH keygen on local hostEnter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Generating public/private rsa key pair.Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:NN+syaOEXyu/gmTMQhY4aSiRZ5vJ11h9v5Z3JvoRtcE root@oracle19c-rac1The key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 1024]----+|.+ o . ||+ B . . . . . ||.= = = o. . E.|| = = .. o o. .o|| + o S . oo.. || . =. . o+ o.o|| +... *. o.+ || .ooo o. . || o++. .. |+----[SHA256]-----+Creating .ssh directory and setting permissions on remote host oracle19c-rac1

THE SCRIPT WOULD ALSO BE REVOKING WRITE PERMISSIONS FOR group AND others ON THE HOME DIRECTORY FOR grid. THIS IS AN SSH REQUIREMENT.

The script would create ~grid/.ssh/config file on remote host oracle19c-rac1. If a config file exists already at ~grid/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to ~grid/.ssh/config.backup.

The user may be prompted for a password here since the script would be running SSH on host oracle19c-rac1.Warning: Permanently added 'oracle19c-rac1,192.168.245.141' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.grid@oracle19c-rac1's password:Done with creating .ssh directory and setting permissions on remote host oracle19c-rac1.Creating .ssh directory and setting permissions on remote host oracle19c-rac2

THE SCRIPT WOULD ALSO BE REVOKING WRITE PERMISSIONS FOR group AND others ON THE HOME DIRECTORY FOR grid. THIS IS AN SSH REQUIREMENT.

The script would create ~grid/.ssh/config file on remote host oracle19c-rac2. If a config file exists already at ~grid/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to ~grid/.ssh/config.backup.

The user may be prompted for a password here since the script would be running SSH on host oracle19c-rac2.Warning: Permanently added 'oracle19c-rac2,192.168.245.142' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.grid@oracle19c-rac2's password:Done with creating .ssh directory and setting permissions on remote host oracle19c-rac2.Copying local host public key to the remote host oracle19c-rac1The user may be prompted for a password or passphrase here since the script would be using SCP for host oracle19c-rac1.grid@oracle19c-rac1's password:Done copying local host public key to the remote host oracle19c-rac1Copying local host public key to the remote host oracle19c-rac2The user may be prompted for a password or passphrase here since the script would be using SCP for host oracle19c-rac2.grid@oracle19c-rac2's password:Done copying local host public key to the remote host oracle19c-rac2

Creating keys on remote host oracle19c-rac1 if they do not exist already. This is required to setup SSH on host oracle19c-rac1.

Generating public/private rsa key pair.Your identification has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:sxnr7OG+lxd7Hb4P0cLLY7rWiYy6bvriIzXpRagXRfk grid@oracle19c-rac1The key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 1024]----+| ... || o || o . || o . E . . || . +S + .|| . = .* .. = || + o= + =Bo.|| . ++..+ *o++.|| ooX%= ooo .+|+----[SHA256]-----+

Creating keys on remote host oracle19c-rac2 if they do not exist already. This is required to setup SSH on host oracle19c-rac2.

Generating public/private rsa key pair.Your identification has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:UsTPrA5Zfr9Zj43RQQcXcmCsu1rQHgJ9Dz5XR4+pyYM grid@oracle19c-rac2The key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 1024]----+| .. .+oo+|| .o ..o*.|| ..= o. oo+|| .o B+ooo o|| .+S+E=*o . || o.o =.+. ..|| o . +. o .|| . ...o * || .. o.o o|+----[SHA256]-----+Updating authorized_keys file on remote host oracle19c-rac1Updating known_hosts file on remote host oracle19c-rac1

The script will run SSH on the remote machine oracle19c-rac1. The user may be prompted for a passphrase here in case the private key has been encrypted with a passphrase.

Updating authorized_keys file on remote host oracle19c-rac2Updating known_hosts file on remote host oracle19c-rac2

The script will run SSH on the remote machine oracle19c-rac2. The user may be prompted for a passphrase here in case the private key has been encrypted with a passphrase.

SSH setup is complete.

------------------------------------------------------------------------Verifying SSH setup===================The script will now run the date command on the remote nodes using sshto verify if ssh is setup correctly. IF THE SETUP IS CORRECTLY SETUP,THERE SHOULD BE NO OUTPUT OTHER THAN THE DATE AND SSH SHOULD NOT ASK FORPASSWORDS. If you see any output other than date or are prompted for thepassword, ssh is not setup correctly and you will need to resolve theissue and set up ssh again.The possible causes for failure could be:1. The server settings in /etc/ssh/sshd_config file do not allow sshfor user grid.2. The server may have disabled public key based authentication.3. The client public key on the server may be outdated.4. ~grid or ~grid/.ssh on the remote host may not be owned by grid.5. User may not have passed -shared option for shared remote users ormay be passing the -shared option for non-shared remote users.6. If there is output in addition to the date, but no password is asked,it may be a security alert shown as part of company policy. Append theadditional text to the <OMS HOME>/sysman/prov/resources/ignoreMessages.txt file.--------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle19c-rac1:--

Running /usr/bin/ssh -x -l grid oracle19c-rac1 date to verify SSH connectivity has been setup from local host to oracle19c-rac1.

IF YOU SEE ANY OTHER OUTPUT BESIDES THE OUTPUT OF THE DATE COMMAND OR IF YOU ARE PROMPTED FOR A PASSWORD HERE, IT MEANS SSH SETUP HAS NOT BEEN SUCCESSFUL. Please note that being prompted for a passphrase may be OK but being prompted for a password is ERROR.

The script will run SSH on the remote machine oracle19c-rac1. The user may be prompted for a passphrase here in case the private key has been encrypted with a passphrase.

Thu Jul 29 21:28:14 CST 2021--------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle19c-rac2:--

Running /usr/bin/ssh -x -l grid oracle19c-rac2 date to verify SSH connectivity has been setup from local host to oracle19c-rac2.

IF YOU SEE ANY OTHER OUTPUT BESIDES THE OUTPUT OF THE DATE COMMAND OR IF YOU ARE PROMPTED FOR A PASSWORD HERE, IT MEANS SSH SETUP HAS NOT BEEN SUCCESSFUL. Please note that being prompted for a passphrase may be OK but being prompted for a password is ERROR.

The script will run SSH on the remote machine oracle19c-rac2. The user may be prompted for a passphrase here in case the private key has been encrypted with a passphrase.

Thu Jul 29 21:28:15 CST 2021------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Verifying SSH connectivity has been setup from oracle19c-rac1 to oracle19c-rac1------------------------------------------------------------------------

IF YOU SEE ANY OTHER OUTPUT BESIDES THE OUTPUT OF THE DATE COMMAND OR IF YOU ARE PROMPTED FOR A PASSWORD HERE, IT MEANS SSH SETUP HAS NOT BEEN SUCCESSFUL.

Thu Jul 29 21:28:15 CST 2021------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Verifying SSH connectivity has been setup from oracle19c-rac1 to oracle19c-rac2------------------------------------------------------------------------

IF YOU SEE ANY OTHER OUTPUT BESIDES THE OUTPUT OF THE DATE COMMAND OR IF YOU ARE PROMPTED FOR A PASSWORD HERE, IT MEANS SSH SETUP HAS NOT BEEN SUCCESSFUL.

Thu Jul 29 21:28:15 CST 2021-------------------------------------------------------------------------Verification from oracle19c-rac1 complete-------------------------------------------------------------------------Verifying SSH connectivity has been setup from oracle19c-rac2 to oracle19c-rac1------------------------------------------------------------------------

IF YOU SEE ANY OTHER OUTPUT BESIDES THE OUTPUT OF THE DATE COMMAND OR IF YOU ARE PROMPTED FOR A PASSWORD HERE, IT MEANS SSH SETUP HAS NOT BEEN SUCCESSFUL.

Thu Jul 29 21:28:15 CST 2021------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Verifying SSH connectivity has been setup from oracle19c-rac2 to oracle19c-rac2------------------------------------------------------------------------

IF YOU SEE ANY OTHER OUTPUT BESIDES THE OUTPUT OF THE DATE COMMAND OR IF YOU ARE PROMPTED FOR A PASSWORD HERE, IT MEANS SSH SETUP HAS NOT BEEN SUCCESSFUL.

Thu Jul 29 21:28:16 CST 2021-------------------------------------------------------------------------Verification from oracle19c-rac2 complete-SSH verification complete.

测试

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ ssh oracle19c-rac1 date;ssh oracle19c-rac2 date;ssh oracle19c-rac1-priv date;ssh oracle19c-rac2-priv date

Thu Jul 29 21:30:51 CST 2021Thu Jul 29 21:30:51 CST 2021The authenticity of host 'oracle19c-rac1-priv (192.168.28.141)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mGQqK7wQTcVWLvVK2qcO5h9fZRNxTUoogoH5ZCaPoEE.ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:77:33:4d:11:43:f9:77:f9:68:12:5d:2d:cb:e6:cc:d8.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added 'oracle19c-rac1-priv,192.168.28.141' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.Thu Jul 29 21:30:53 CST 2021The authenticity of host 'oracle19c-rac2-priv (192.168.28.142)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:+D0xlzh7YSO+ht9sgJ6XIHd3IGMaCB5JD329dKpTReo.ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:bd:b4:96:ec:fd:b9:88:94:d8:ef:58:5e:3d:c6:b6:46.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added 'oracle19c-rac2-priv,192.168.28.142' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.Thu Jul 29 21:30:54 CST 2021

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ ssh oracle19c-rac1 date;ssh oracle19c-rac2 date;ssh oracle19c-rac1-priv date;ssh oracle19c-rac2-priv date

Thu Jul 29 21:30:56 CST 2021Thu Jul 29 21:30:56 CST 2021Thu Jul 29 21:30:56 CST 2021Thu Jul 29 21:30:57 CST 2021[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$


oracle用户--oracle采用的图形方法

$ORACLE_HOME/oui/prov/resources/scripts/sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle  -hosts "19c-h1 19c-h2"  -advanced -noPromptPassphrase

普通配置方法

分别配置 grid 和 oracle 用户的 ssh 两个节点都执行

# su - oracle$ mkdir -p ~/.ssh$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh$ ssh-keygen -t rsa ->回车->回车->回车$ ssh-keygen -t dsa ->回车->回车->回车----------------------------------------------------------------# su - oracle$ mkdir ~/.ssh$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh$ ssh-keygen -t rsa ->回车->回车->回车$ ssh-keygen -t dsa ->回车->回车->回车以上两个节点都执行，下面就一个节点执行即可$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys$ ssh oracle19c-rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys ->输入 oracle19c-rac2 密码$ ssh oracle19c-rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys ->输入 oracle19c-rac2 密码$ scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys oracle19c-rac2:~/.ssh/authorized_keys ->输入 oracle19c-rac2 密码

测试两节点连通性：$ ssh oracle19c-rac1 date$ ssh oracle19c-rac2 date$ ssh oracle19c-rac1-priv date$ ssh oracle19c-rac2-priv date$ ssh oracle19c-rac1 date$ ssh oracle19c-rac2 date$ ssh oracle19c-rac1-priv date$ ssh oracle19c-rac2-priv date

分别使用grid和oracle用户验证SSH connectivity：<grid>$ for h in test1 test1-priv test2 test2-priv;dossh -l grid -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $h date;done

<oracle>$ for h in test1 test1-priv test2 test2-priv;dossh -l oracle -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $h date;done

5.5 安装前检查

RHEL 7 系统不支持 AFD，在安装 GRID 时，必须去掉 Configure Oracle ASM Fileter Driver，否则报错。
19C 版本 GIMR 管理功能是一个可选项，不强制要求配置，建议不配置此功能(本例是启用了 GIMR)。
如果要配置 GIMR 功能，需要的容量不少于 35G，建议最小配置为 40G。最好 OCR 的磁盘组和 GIMR 的实例 ASM 存储分开，以便于对 OCR 磁盘组的管理
GRID 安装完成，在进行集群校验时，因为 SCAN NAME 没有使用 DNS 解析报失败，此情况正常，忽略

在 grid 软件目录里运行以下命令：使用 CVU 验证硬件和操作系统设置./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n oracle19c-rac1,oracle19c-rac2 -fixup -verbose./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n oracle19c-rac1,oracle19c-rac2 -verbose./runcluvfy.sh stage -post hwos -n oracle19c-rac1,oracle19c-rac2 -verbos

在grid的ORACLE_HOME下执行./runcluvfy.sh stage -post hwos -n oracle19c-rac1,oracle19c-rac2 -verbos

export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n oracle19c-rac1,oracle19c-rac2 -verbose[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/19.3.0/grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -post hwos -n oracle19c-rac1,oracle19c-rac2 -verbose

Verifying Node Connectivity ... Verifying Hosts File ... Node Name Status ------------------------------------ ------------------------ oracle19c-rac2 passed oracle19c-rac1 passed Verifying Hosts File ...PASSED

Interface information for node "oracle19c-rac2"

Name IP Address Subnet Gateway Def. Gateway HW Address MTU ------ --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ----------------- ------ ens33 192.168.245.142 192.168.245.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.245.2 00:0C:29:4F:BE:2E 1500 ens34 192.168.28.142 192.168.28.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.245.2 00:0C:29:4F:BE:38 1500

Interface information for node "oracle19c-rac1"

Name IP Address Subnet Gateway Def. Gateway HW Address MTU ------ --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ----------------- ------ ens33 192.168.245.141 192.168.245.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.245.2 00:0C:29:75:C0:82 1500 ens34 192.168.28.141 192.168.28.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.245.2 00:0C:29:75:C0:8C 1500

Check: MTU consistency of the subnet "192.168.245.0".

Node Name IP Address Subnet MTU ---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ---------------- oracle19c-rac2 ens33 192.168.245.142 192.168.245.0 1500 oracle19c-rac1 ens33 192.168.245.141 192.168.245.0 1500

Check: MTU consistency of the subnet "192.168.28.0".

Node Name IP Address Subnet MTU ---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ---------------- oracle19c-rac2 ens34 192.168.28.142 192.168.28.0 1500 oracle19c-rac1 ens34 192.168.28.141 192.168.28.0 1500 Verifying Check that maximum (MTU) size packet goes through subnet ...PASSED

Source Destination Connected? ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------- oracle19c-rac1[ens33:192.168.245.141] oracle19c-rac2[ens33:192.168.245.142] yes

Source Destination Connected? ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------- oracle19c-rac1[ens34:192.168.28.141] oracle19c-rac2[ens34:192.168.28.142] yes Verifying subnet mask consistency for subnet "192.168.245.0" ...PASSED Verifying subnet mask consistency for subnet "192.168.28.0" ...PASSEDVerifying Node Connectivity ...PASSEDVerifying Multicast or broadcast check ...Checking subnet "192.168.245.0" for multicast communication with multicast group "224.0.0.251"Verifying Multicast or broadcast check ...PASSEDVerifying Users With Same UID: 0 ...PASSEDVerifying Time zone consistency ...PASSEDVerifying Shared Storage Discovery ...FAILED (PRVG-13610)Verifying DNS/NIS name service ...PASSED

Post-check for hardware and operating system setup was unsuccessful on all the nodes.

Failures were encountered during execution of CVU verification request "stage -post hwos".

Verifying Shared Storage Discovery ...FAILEDPRVG-13610 : No shared storage was found on nodes "oracle19c-rac2".

CVU operation performed: stage -post hwosDate: Jul 29, 2021 9:36:45 PMCVU home: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/User: grid

5.6 执行安装（直接升级19.11）

export DISPLAY=192.168.245.110:0.0 -推荐用mobaXterm方便

执行安装程序开始安装，通过-applyRU参数指向补丁解压位置，提前安装grid补丁 ./gridSetup.sh -applyRU /soft/32545008

./gridSetup.sh -applyRU /u01/sw/ru/32545008这里首先进行的是补丁升级，然后再启动安装界面......相关进程如下grid 9368 5973 0 21:49 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./gridSetup.sh -applyRU /u01/sw/ru/32545008

grid      9382  9368  0 21:49 pts/0    00:00:00 /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/19.3.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/19.3.0/gr

root 9396 2 0 21:49 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/u2:0-ev]

grid      9410  9382  0 21:49 pts/0    00:00:02 /tmp/GridSetupActions2021-07-29_09-49-06PM/tempHome/jre/bin/java -cp /tmp/GridSetupActi

grid      9501  9410  0 21:49 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/OPatch/opatchauto apply /u01/sw/ru/32545008 -no_relink -bi

grid      9508  9501  0 21:49 pts/0    00:00:00 /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/OPatch/auto/database/bin/OPatch

grid      9601  9508 26 21:49 pts/0    00:02:36 /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/OPatch/jre/bin/java -d64 -Xmx3072m -cp /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/OPatch

这里进行软件的RU升级，并不做relink。升级上次测试需要半个多小时，去抽个烟。结果升级了3个小时。

相关的打补丁详细信息在/u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/

5.6.1 图形截图

凌晨1点30分终于见到图形界面了，赶紧安装完GI睡觉。

安装standalone cluster

填写集群名称和scan名字，scan名字和/etc/hosts一致

添加节点二信息，进行互信

确保对应网卡和IP网段对应即可，19C心跳网段需要选ASM & Private，用于ASM实例的托管

选择ASM

不安装GIMR

修改路径，取消driver

输入密码grid

不启动IPMI

不注册EM

核对用户组

5.6.2 执行脚本

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.

[root@oracle19c-rac2 tmp]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.

./rootcrs.sh -force -deconfig -verbose

[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.[root@oracle19c-rac1 ~]# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/root.shPerforming root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= grid ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/19.3.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Relinking oracle with rac_on optionUsing configuration parameter file: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_paramsThe log of current session can be found at: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/oracle19c-rac1/crsconfig/rootcrs_oracle19c-rac1_2021-08-01_06-54-40PM.log2021/08/01 18:55:00 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 1 of 19: 'SetupTFA'.2021/08/01 18:55:00 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 2 of 19: 'ValidateEnv'.2021/08/01 18:55:00 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 3 of 19: 'CheckFirstNode'.2021/08/01 18:55:03 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 4 of 19: 'GenSiteGUIDs'.2021/08/01 18:55:05 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 5 of 19: 'SetupOSD'.Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart rsyslog.service2021/08/01 18:55:07 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 6 of 19: 'CheckCRSConfig'.2021/08/01 18:55:11 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 7 of 19: 'SetupLocalGPNP'.

2021/08/01 18:55:13 CLSRSC-4004: Failed to install Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) Collector. Grid Infrastructure operations will continue.

2021/08/01 18:55:25 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 8 of 19: 'CreateRootCert'.2021/08/01 18:55:30 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 9 of 19: 'ConfigOLR'.2021/08/01 18:55:44 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 10 of 19: 'ConfigCHMOS'.2021/08/01 18:55:44 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 11 of 19: 'CreateOHASD'.2021/08/01 18:55:52 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 12 of 19: 'ConfigOHASD'.2021/08/01 18:55:53 CLSRSC-330: Adding Clusterware entries to file 'oracle-ohasd.service'2021/08/01 18:57:22 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 13 of 19: 'InstallAFD'.2021/08/01 18:57:23 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 14 of 19: 'InstallACFS'.2021/08/01 18:59:21 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 15 of 19: 'InstallKA'.2021/08/01 18:59:29 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 16 of 19: 'InitConfig'.

ASM has been created and started successfully.

[DBT-30001] Disk groups created successfully. Check /u01/app/grid/cfgtoollogs/asmca/asmca-210801PM070008.log for details.

2021/08/01 19:02:04 CLSRSC-482: Running command: '/u01/app/19.3.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -upgrade grid oinstall'CRS-4256: Updating the profileSuccessful addition of voting disk b6fda7690d0e4fcdbfadc303580fb08d.Successful addition of voting disk 8e02bf80da2e4fb8bf50d145561261c9.Successful addition of voting disk bca68836396f4fcdbf307746a22941c5.Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCRVOTE.CRS-4256: Updating the profileCRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group-- ----- ----------------- --------- --------- 1. ONLINE b6fda7690d0e4fcdbfadc303580fb08d (/dev/asm_ocr01) [OCRVOTE] 2. ONLINE 8e02bf80da2e4fb8bf50d145561261c9 (/dev/asm_ocr02) [OCRVOTE] 3. ONLINE bca68836396f4fcdbf307746a22941c5 (/dev/asm_ocr03) [OCRVOTE]Located 3 voting disk(s).2021/08/01 19:03:33 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 17 of 19: 'StartCluster'.2021/08/01 19:04:45 CLSRSC-343: Successfully started Oracle Clusterware stack2021/08/01 19:04:45 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 18 of 19: 'ConfigNode'.2021/08/01 19:06:52 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 19 of 19: 'PostConfig'.2021/08/01 19:07:37 CLSRSC-325: Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeede

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/root.shPerforming root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= grid ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/19.3.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_paramsThe log of current session can be found at: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/oracle19c-rac2/crsconfig/rootcrs_oracle19c-rac2_2021-08-01_07-09-35PM.log2021/08/01 19:10:04 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 1 of 19: 'SetupTFA'.2021/08/01 19:10:04 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 2 of 19: 'ValidateEnv'.2021/08/01 19:10:04 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 3 of 19: 'CheckFirstNode'.2021/08/01 19:10:06 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 4 of 19: 'GenSiteGUIDs'.2021/08/01 19:10:06 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 5 of 19: 'SetupOSD'.Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart rsyslog.service2021/08/01 19:10:08 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 6 of 19: 'CheckCRSConfig'.2021/08/01 19:10:19 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 7 of 19: 'SetupLocalGPNP'.2021/08/01 19:10:22 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 8 of 19: 'CreateRootCert'.2021/08/01 19:10:22 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 9 of 19: 'ConfigOLR'.2021/08/01 19:10:37 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 10 of 19: 'ConfigCHMOS'.2021/08/01 19:10:38 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 11 of 19: 'CreateOHASD'.2021/08/01 19:11:03 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 12 of 19: 'ConfigOHASD'.2021/08/01 19:11:09 CLSRSC-330: Adding Clusterware entries to file 'oracle-ohasd.service'2021/08/01 19:13:15 CLSRSC-4002: Successfully installed Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) Collector.2021/08/01 19:13:26 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 13 of 19: 'InstallAFD'.2021/08/01 19:13:26 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 14 of 19: 'InstallACFS'.2021/08/01 19:15:41 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 15 of 19: 'InstallKA'.2021/08/01 19:15:42 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 16 of 19: 'InitConfig'.2021/08/01 19:15:59 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 17 of 19: 'StartCluster'.2021/08/01 19:18:45 CLSRSC-343: Successfully started Oracle Clusterware stack2021/08/01 19:18:45 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 18 of 19: 'ConfigNode'.2021/08/01 19:20:31 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 19 of 19: 'PostConfig'.2021/08/01 19:21:21 CLSRSC-325: Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]#

继续执行图形，忽略

5.6.3 检查

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl stat res -t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name Target State Server State details --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Local Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.chad ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 Wrong check return,S TABLEora.net1.network ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.ons ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.proxy_advm OFFLINE OFFLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE OFFLINE OFFLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cluster Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr(ora.asmgroup) 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE 2 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLEora.OCRVOTE.dg(ora.asmgroup) 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE 2 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.asm(ora.asmgroup) 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 Started,STABLE 2 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 Started,STABLEora.asmnet1.asmnetwork(ora.asmgroup) 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE 2 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.cvu 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLEora.oracle19c-rac1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLEora.oracle19c-rac2.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.qosmserver 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLEora.scan1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@oracle19c-rac1 system]# systemctl status oracle-ohasd.service● oracle-ohasd.service - Oracle High Availability Services Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/oracle-ohasd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/oracle-ohasd.service.d └─00_oracle-ohasd.conf Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-08-01 18:56:00 CST; 40min ago Main PID: 31147 (init.ohasd) Tasks: 1

六创建磁盘组

su - grid

asmca

七、安装Oracle软件+RU

7.1 修改软件包权限

chown oracle:oinstall LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip

7.2 解压缩到oracle_home

unzip /u01/sw/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

7.3 升级opatch版本

[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/OPatchbak]$ ./opatch versionOPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.17

OPatch succeeded.[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1]$ mv OPatch/ OPatchbak

[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1]$ unzip /u01/sw/p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/OPatchbak]$ ./opatch versionOPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.17

OPatch succeeded.

7.4 安装Oracle软件（直接升级RU19.11）

[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.245.110:0.0[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1]$ ./runInstaller -applyRU /u01/sw/ru/32545008

[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1]$ ./runInstaller -applyRU /u01/sw/ru/32545008

ERROR: Unable to verify the graphical display setup. This application requires X display. Make sure that xdpyinfo exist under PATH variable.

Preparing the home to patch...Applying the patch /u01/sw/ru/32545008...Successfully applied the patch.

7.5 安装截图

grid采用脚本，这次测试图形直接setup和test

执行脚本

[root@oracle19c-rac2 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.shPerforming root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

确认版本

[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Aug 3 18:26:38 2021Version 19.11.0.0.0

八创建数据库

8.1 数据库规划

**规划内容**	**规划描述**
内存规划	SGA PGA
processes	1000
字符集	ZHS16GBK
归档模式	非
redo	5组每组200M
undo	2G 自动扩展最大4G
temp	4G
闪回配置	4G大小

8.2 dbca建库

创建数据库

高级安装

选择一般用途

选择节点

**选择创建数据库名，**是否包含PDB

选择数据库安装路径和管理方式

是否启动FRA和归档

不使用vault

内存配置

process配置

字符集配置

数据示例

EM配置

用户密码

执行下一步

检查

安装汇总

安装完成

PS:通过对log日志的跟踪分析，因为之前升级到了19.11，因此需要进行datapatch，这块时间可能比较长

[progressPage.flowWorker] [ 2021-08-03 19:08:14.919 CST ] [CloneDBCreationStep.executeImpl:743]  Temp file to be added:=+DATA/ORCL/temp01.dbf

[progressPage.flowWorker] [ 2021-08-03 19:08:14.920 CST ] [CloneDBCreationStep.executeImpl:744]  Temp file size in KB:=20480

[progressPage.flowWorker] [ 2021-08-03 19:08:15.508 CST ] [CloneDBCreationStep.executeImpl:792]  Establish USERS as the default permanent tablespace of the database

[progressPage.flowWorker] [ 2021-08-03 19:08:16.070 CST ] [CloneDBCreationStep.executeImpl:805]  Resetting SYS and SYSTEM passwords

[progressPage.flowWorker] [ 2021-08-03 19:08:18.837 CST ] [CloneDBCreationStep.executeImpl:810] SYS reset done[progressPage.flowWorker] [ 2021-08-03 19:08:19.902 CST ] [CloneDBCreationStep.executeImpl:819] SYSTEM reset done

[progressPage.flowWorker] [ 2021-08-03 19:08:19.907 CST ] [CloneDBCreationStep.executeImpl:831]  executing datapatch /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/datapatch

确认版本信息

col status for a10 col action for a10 col action_time for a30 col description for a60 select patch_id,patch_type,action,status,action_time,description from dba_registry_sqlpatch; PATCH_ID PATCH_TYPE ACTION STATUS ACTION_TIME DESCRIPTION

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------

  32545013 RU                             APPLY      SUCCESS    03-AUG-21 07.35.57.810463 PM   Database Release Update : 19.11.0.0.210420 (32545013)

col version for a25 col comments for a80 select ACTION_TIME,VERSION,COMMENTS from dba_registry_history; ACTION_TIME VERSION COMMENTS

------------------------------ ------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

19 RDBMS_19.11.0.0.0DBRU_LINUX.X64_210412

03-AUG-21 07.34.37.021250 PM   19.0.0.0.0                Patch applied from 19.3.0.0.0 to 19.11.0.0.0: Release_Update - 210413004009

8.3 连接测试

8.3.1 连接CDB

SQL> startupORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1895824672 bytesFixed Size 9141536 bytesVariable Size 1140850688 bytesDatabase Buffers 738197504 bytesRedo Buffers 7634944 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- 2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO 3 PDB1 MOUNTEDSQL> select 2 'DB Name: ' ||Sys_Context('Userenv', 'DB_Name')|| 3 ' / CDB?: ' ||case 4 when Sys_Context('Userenv', 'CDB_Name') is not null then 'YES' 5 else 'NO' 6 end|| 7 ' / Auth-ID: ' ||Sys_Context('Userenv', 'Authenticated_Identity')|| 8 ' / Sessn-User: '||Sys_Context('Userenv', 'Session_User')|| 9 ' / Container: ' ||Nvl(Sys_Context('Userenv', 'Con_Name'), 'n/a') 10 "Who am I?" 11 from Dual 12 /

Who am I?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------DB Name: orcl / CDB?: YES / Auth-ID: oracle / Sessn-User: SYS / Container: CDB$ROOT

SQL> set linesize 300SQL> /

Who am I?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DB Name: orcl / CDB?: YES / Auth-ID: oracle / Sessn-User: SYS / Container: CDB$ROOT

SQL> SQL> alter pluggable database pdb1 open;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- 2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO 3 PDB1 READ WRITE NOSQL>

8.3.2 连接pdb

ORACLE_PDB_SID方式

export ORACLE_PDB_SID=pdb1[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ export ORACLE_PDB_SID=pdb1[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ env|grep PDBORACLE_PDB_SID=pdb1[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Aug 4 11:08:03 2021Version 19.11.0.0.0

Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.11.0.0.0

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- 3 PDB1 READ WRITE NOSQL>

SET CONTAINER方式

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = PDB1; Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.11.0.0.0

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = PDB01;ERROR:ORA-65011: Pluggable database PDB01 does not exist.

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = PDB1;

Session altered.

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- 3 PDB1 READ WRITE NOSQL>

service方式+tnsnames.ora

[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 04-AUG-2021 11:13:08

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionStart Date 04-AUG-2021 10:36:15Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 36 min. 54 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/oracle19c-rac1/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.245.141)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.245.143)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=oracle19c-rac1)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))

Services Summary...Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "+ASM_DATA" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "+ASM_OCRVOTE" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "86b637b62fdf7a65e053f706e80a27ca" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "c8a90ae7cd0a17b8e0538df5a8c0c88c" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully

tnsnames.ora方式

pdb1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle19c-rac1)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1) ) ) sqlplus pdb1/pdb1@pdb1 show con_name

tow_task

export TWO_TASK= pdb1 tow_task连接方式 普通用户。 sys加上密码 sys不加密码方式 [oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ export TWO_TASK=pdb1[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Aug 4 11:24:30 2021Version 19.11.0.0.0

Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.11.0.0.0

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.11.0.0.0[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Aug 4 11:24:49 2021Version 19.11.0.0.0

ERROR:ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name: ^C[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ sqlplus pdb1/pdb1

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Aug 4 11:24:59 2021Version 19.11.0.0.0

Last Successful login time: Wed Aug 04 2021 11:23:35 +08:00

Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.11.0.0.0

SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.11.0.0.0[oracle@oracle19c-rac1:/home/oracle]$ sqlplus pdb1/pdb1 as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Aug 4 11:25:06 2021Version 19.11.0.0.0

ERROR:ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name: ^C PS:使用no-sys和sys密码的方式是可以登录的，但是 sqlplus / as sysdba是不允许的

8.3.3 datafile

SQL> /

CON_ID Con_Name T'space_Na File_Name

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 CDB$ROOT SYSAUX +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/sysaux.258.1079636747 1 CDB$ROOT SYSTEM +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/system.257.1079636681 1 CDB$ROOT TEMP +DATA/ORCL/TEMPFILE/temp.264.1079636895 1 CDB$ROOT UNDOTBS1 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/undotbs1.259.1079636773 1 CDB$ROOT UNDOTBS2 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/undotbs2.269.1079639099 1 CDB$ROOT USERS +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/users.260.1079636775 3 PDB1 SYSAUX +DATA/ORCL/C8A90AE7CD0A17B8E0538DF5A8C0C88C/DATAFILE/sysaux.278.1079646975 3 PDB1 SYSTEM +DATA/ORCL/C8A90AE7CD0A17B8E0538DF5A8C0C88C/DATAFILE/system.277.1079646973 3 PDB1 TEMP +DATA/ORCL/C8A90AE7CD0A17B8E0538DF5A8C0C88C/TEMPFILE/temp.279.1079647223 3 PDB1 UNDOTBS1 +DATA/ORCL/C8A90AE7CD0A17B8E0538DF5A8C0C88C/DATAFILE/undotbs1.276.1079646973

10 rows selected.

SQL> l 1 with Containers as ( 2 select PDB_ID Con_ID, PDB_Name Con_Name from DBA_PDBs 3 union 4 select 1 Con_ID, 'CDB$ROOT' Con_Name from Dual) 5 select 6 Con_ID, 7 Con_Name "Con_Name", 8 Tablespace_Name "T'space_Name", 9 File_Name "File_Name" 10 from CDB_Data_Files inner join Containers using (Con_ID) 11 union 12 select 13 Con_ID, 14 Con_Name "Con_Name", 15 Tablespace_Name "T'space_Name", 16 File_Name "File_Name" 17 from CDB_Temp_Files inner join Containers using (Con_ID) 18 order by 1, 3 19*

九 RAC日常管理命令

9.1 集群资源状态

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl stat res -t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name Target State Server State details --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Local Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.chad ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.net1.network ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.ons ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.proxy_advm OFFLINE OFFLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE OFFLINE OFFLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cluster Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr(ora.asmgroup) 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE 2 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.DATA.dg(ora.asmgroup) 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE 2 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLEora.OCRVOTE.dg(ora.asmgroup) 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE 2 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.asm(ora.asmgroup) 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 Started,STABLE 2 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 Started,STABLEora.asmnet1.asmnetwork(ora.asmgroup) 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE 2 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.cvu 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLEora.oracle19c-rac1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLEora.oracle19c-rac2.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac2 STABLEora.orcl.db 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o racle/product/19.3.0 /dbhome_1,STABLE 2 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown,ST ABLEora.qosmserver 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLEora.scan1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle19c-rac1 STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.2 集群服务状态

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl check cluster -all**************************************************************oracle19c-rac1:CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is onlineCRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is onlineCRS-4533: Event Manager is online**************************************************************oracle19c-rac2:CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is onlineCRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is onlineCRS-4533: Event Manager is online**************************************************************[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl check crsCRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is onlineCRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is onlineCRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is onlineCRS-4533: Event Manager is online[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$

9.3 数据库状态

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status database -d orclInstance orcl1 is running on node oracle19c-rac1Instance orcl2 is not running on node oracle19c-rac2[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$

9.4 监听状态

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 04-AUG-2021 11:27:21

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionStart Date 04-AUG-2021 10:36:15Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 51 min. 7 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/oracle19c-rac1/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.245.141)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.245.143)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=oracle19c-rac1)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))

9.5 scan状态

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status scanSCAN VIP scan1 is enabledSCAN VIP scan1 is running on node oracle19c-rac1[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status scan_listenerSCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN1 is enabledSCAN listener LISTENER_SCAN1 is running on node oracle19c-rac1[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 04-AUG-2021 11:28:18

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENER_SCAN1Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionStart Date 04-AUG-2021 10:36:09Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 52 min. 10 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/oracle19c-rac1/listener_scan1/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.245.145)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary...Service "86b637b62fdf7a65e053f706e80a27ca" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "c8a90ae7cd0a17b8e0538df5a8c0c88c" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$

9.6 nodeapps状态

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status nodeappsVIP 192.168.245.143 is enabledVIP 192.168.245.143 is running on node: oracle19c-rac1VIP 192.168.245.144 is enabledVIP 192.168.245.144 is running on node: oracle19c-rac2Network is enabledNetwork is running on node: oracle19c-rac1Network is running on node: oracle19c-rac2ONS is enabledONS daemon is running on node: oracle19c-rac1ONS daemon is running on node: oracle19c-rac2[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$

9.7 VIP状态

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status vip -node oracle19c-rac1VIP 192.168.245.143 is enabledVIP 192.168.245.143 is running on node: oracle19c-rac1[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl status vip -node oracle19c-rac2VIP 192.168.245.144 is enabledVIP 192.168.245.144 is running on node: oracle19c-rac2[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$

9.8 数据库配置

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ srvctl config database -d orclDatabase unique name: orclDatabase name: orclOracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1Oracle user: oracleSpfile: +DATA/ORCL/PARAMETERFILE/spfile.272.1079640143Password file: +DATA/ORCL/PASSWORD/pwdorcl.256.1079636555Domain: Start options: openStop options: immediateDatabase role: PRIMARYManagement policy: AUTOMATICServer pools: Disk Groups: DATAMount point paths: Services: Type: RACStart concurrency: Stop concurrency: OSDBA group: dbaOSOPER group: operDatabase instances: orcl1,orcl2Configured nodes: oracle19c-rac1,oracle19c-rac2CSS critical: noCPU count: 0Memory target: 0Maximum memory: 0Default network number for database services: Database is administrator managed

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl status res ora.orcl.db -p |grep -i autoAUTO_START=restoreMANAGEMENT_POLICY=AUTOMATIC

START_DEPENDENCIES_RTE_INTERNAL=<xml><Cond name="ASMClientMode">False</Cond><Cond name="ASMmode">remote</Cond><Arg name="dg" type="ResList">ora.DATA.dg</Arg><Arg name="acfs_or_nfs" type="ResList"></Arg><Cond name="OHResExist">False</Cond><Cond name="DATABASE_TYPE">RAC</Cond><Cond name="MANAGEMENT_POLICY">AUTOMATIC</Cond><Arg name="acfs_and_nfs" type="ResList"></Arg></xml>

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ AUTO_START=restore是设置数据库是否启动的，restore就是保持上次状态。

9.9 OCR[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ ocrcheckStatus of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows : Version : 4 Total space (kbytes) : 491684 Used space (kbytes) : 84364 Available space (kbytes) : 407320 ID : 865494789 Device/File Name : +OCRVOTE Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

Logical corruption check bypassed due to non-privileged user[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ ocrconfig -showbackupPROT-24: Auto backups for the Oracle Cluster Registry are not availablePROT-25: Manual backups for the Oracle Cluster Registry are not available

9.10 VOTEDISK

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl query css votedisk## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group-- ----- ----------------- --------- --------- 1. ONLINE b6fda7690d0e4fcdbfadc303580fb08d (/dev/asm_ocr01) [OCRVOTE] 2. ONLINE 8e02bf80da2e4fb8bf50d145561261c9 (/dev/asm_ocr02) [OCRVOTE] 3. ONLINE bca68836396f4fcdbf307746a22941c5 (/dev/asm_ocr03) [OCRVOTE]Located 3 voting disk(s).[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$

9.11 GI版本

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl query crs releaseversionOracle High Availability Services release version on the local node is [19.0.0.0.0][grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ crsctl query crs activeversionOracle Clusterware active version on the cluster is [19.0.0.0.0][grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$

9.12 ASM

[grid@oracle19c-rac1:/home/grid]$ asmcmdASMCMD> lsdg

State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Logical_Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name

MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     20480    14492                0           14492              0             N  DATA/

MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512             512   4096  4194304      6144     5228             2048            1590              0             Y  OCRVOTE/

ASMCMD> lsofDB_Name Instance_Name Path+ASM +ASM1 +OCRVOTE.255.1079463727orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/86B637B62FE07A65E053F706E80A27CA/DATAFILE/sysaux.266.1079638609orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/86B637B62FE07A65E053F706E80A27CA/DATAFILE/system.265.1079638609orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/86B637B62FE07A65E053F706E80A27CA/DATAFILE/undotbs1.267.1079638609orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/C8A7183AA0841E82E0538DF5A8C0A5A9/TEMPFILE/temp.268.1079638657orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/C8A90AE7CD0A17B8E0538DF5A8C0C88C/DATAFILE/sysaux.278.1079646975orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/C8A90AE7CD0A17B8E0538DF5A8C0C88C/DATAFILE/system.277.1079646973orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/C8A90AE7CD0A17B8E0538DF5A8C0C88C/DATAFILE/undotbs1.276.1079646973orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/C8A90AE7CD0A17B8E0538DF5A8C0C88C/TEMPFILE/temp.279.1079647223orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/CONTROLFILE/current.261.1079636859orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/sysaux.258.1079636747orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/system.257.1079636681orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/undotbs1.259.1079636773orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/undotbs2.269.1079639099orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/users.260.1079636775orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/ONLINELOG/group_1.263.1079636863orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/ONLINELOG/group_2.262.1079636863orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/ONLINELOG/group_3.270.1079640129orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/ONLINELOG/group_4.271.1079640135orcl orcl1 +DATA/ORCL/TEMPFILE/temp.264.1079636895ASMCMD> lsdskPath/dev/asm_data01/dev/asm_data02/dev/asm_ocr01/dev/asm_ocr02/dev/asm_ocr03

9.13 启动和关闭RAC

启动和关闭RAC-关闭\启动单个实例$ srvctl stop\start instance -d racdb -i racdb1

--关闭\启动所有实例$ srvctl stop\start database -d orcl

--关闭\启动CRS$ crsctl stop\start crs

--关闭\启动集群服务$ crsctl stop\start cluster -allcrsctl start\stop crs 是单节管理crsctl start\stop cluster [-all 所有节点] 可以管理多个节点crsctl start\stop crs 管理crs 包含进程 OHASDcrsctl start\stop cluster 不包含OHASD进程要先启动 OHASD进程才可以使用srvctl stop\start database 启动\停止所有实例及其启用的服务

9.14 节点状态

节点示例状态SQL> SELECT inst_id ,instance_number inst_no ,instance_name inst_name ,parallel ,STATUS ,database_status db_status ,active_state STATE ,host_name hostFROM gv$instance

INST_ID INST_NO INST_NAME PARALLEL---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------ ---------STATUS------------------------------------DB_STATUS STATE--------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------HOST-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 orcl1 YESOPENACTIVE NORMALoracle19c-rac1

9.15 切换scan

srvctl relocate scan_listener -i 1 -n oracle19c-rac2

9.16 切换VIP

srvctl config network srvctl relocate vip -vip oracle19c-rac2-vip -node oracle19c-rac2

吐血整理，实属不易，原作者更加辛苦，如认真阅读，此文一定对您有帮助，欢迎点赞、在看与转发，写作不易，坚持写作更不易，您的点赞、转发，举手之劳，便是对作者最大的支持，也能让更多的人受益，感谢！

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【安装篇】- 基于 VMWARE Oracle Linux7.9 安装 Oracle19c RAC 详细配置方案

Original yanwei JiekeXu DBA之路

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【安装篇】- 基于 VMWARE Oracle Linux7.9 安装 Oracle19c RAC 详细配置方案

《基于 VMWARE Oracle Linux7.9 安装 Oracle19c RAC》4 万多字，是我看过的 Oracle 19c RAC 安装学习篇最好的一篇，这一篇认真看完，必定收获满满。尤其后面章节连接测试，日常管理，值得推荐。

目 录

一、安装规划

1.1 软件规划

1.1.1 软件下载

1.1.1.1 OS下载

1.1.1.2 RAC软件下载

1.1.1.3 RU下载

1.1.2 操作系统认证

1.2 虚拟机规划

1.3 网络规划

1.4 操作系统规划

1.4.1 操作系统目录

1.4.2 软件包

1.5 共享存储规划

1.6 Oracle规划

1.6.1 软件规划

1.6.2 用户组和用户

1.6.3 软件目录规划

1.6.4 整体数据库安装规划

1.6.5 RU升级规划

二、虚拟机安装

2.1 选择硬件兼容性

2.2 选择操作系统ISO

2.3 命名虚拟机

2.4 CPU

2.5 内存

2.6 网卡

2.7 硬盘

2.8 添加网卡

2.9 同样方式创建 RAC2 节点

2.10 分别安装操作系统

2.11 安装完成之后，加快 SSH 登录

3.1 创建共享磁盘-命令行

3.2 创建共享磁盘-图形（可选，本次未采用）

3.3 关闭两台虚拟机，编辑相关vmx文件

3.4 重新启动虚拟机

3.5 multipath+udev方式绑定存储

四、19cRAC安装准备工作

4.1 硬件配置和系统情况

4.1.1 检查操作系统

4.1.2 检查内存

4.1.3 检查swap

4.1.4 检查/tmp

4.1.4 检查时间和时区

4.2 主机名和hosts文件

4.2.1 设置和检查主机名

4.2.2 调整hosts文件

4.3 网卡（虚拟）配置、netwok文件

4.3.1 （可选）禁用虚拟网卡

4.3.2 检查节点的网卡名和IP

4.3.3 测试连通性

4.3.4 调整network

4.4 调整/dev/shm

4.5 关闭THP和numa

4.6 关闭防火墙

4.7 关闭selinux

4.8 配置软件yum源，安装软件包

4.9 配置核心参数

4.10 关闭avahi服务

4.11 关闭其他服务

4.12 配置ssh服务

4.14 修改login配置

4.15 配置用户限制

4.16 配置NTP服务（可选）

4.16.1 使用ctss

4.16.2 使用ntp

4.16.3 使用chony

4.17 创建组和用户

4.18 创建目录

4.19 配置用户环境变量

4.19.1 grid

4.19.2 oracle

目录

六创建磁盘组

八创建数据库