Focus on Germany 走进德国 6 | Oktoberfest 十月啤酒节

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Oktoberfest is an annual festival held in Munich, Bavaria, running from late September to the first weekend in October. One of the most well-known events in Germany, Oktoberfest is the world's largest fair; more than 5 million people attend the Munich Oktoberfest every year.

德国啤酒节是一个一年一度的节日，举办在慕尼黑，巴伐利亚，从9月底开始到10月的第一个周末结束。慕尼黑啤酒节是德国最著名的活动之一，是世界上最大的博览会；每年有500多万人参加慕尼黑啤酒节。

Bavarian Cultural elements | Image Source: istockphoto

巴伐利亚文化因素

It is an important tradition in Bavarian culture, having been held since 1810. Other cities across the world also hold Oktoberfest celebrations, modeled after the Munich event.

它是巴伐利亚文化中的一个重要传统，自1810年以来一直保持着。世界各地的其他城市也开始举行了仿照慕尼黑活动的啤酒节庆典。

Theresienwiese during the Oktoberfest night | ImageCredit: Jason

特蕾西娅草坪在德国啤酒节的一个晚上

The festival is held in an area named the Theresienwiese, often called Wiesn for short, located near Munich's center. 

这个节日在一个名为特蕾西娅草坪的地区举行，通常简称wiesn，位于慕尼黑市中心附近。

Oktoberfest beer and foods | Image Source: All events

德国啤酒节啤酒和食物

Large quantities of Oktoberfest Beer are consumed as well as a wide variety of traditional Oktoberfest foods such as Hendl (chicken), Schweinebraten (roast pork), Schweinshaxe (grilled ham hock), Steckerlfisch (grilled fish on a stick), Würst (sausages) along with Brezeln (Pretzel), Knödel (potato or bread dumplings), Käsespätzle (cheese noodles), Reiberdatschi (potato pancakes), Sauerkraut or Rotkohl/Blaukraut (red cabbage) and Bavarian delicacies as Obatzda (a spiced cheese-butter spread) and Weisswurst (a white sausage).

大量的啤酒以及各种传统的啤酒节美食，如Hendl（鸡肉）、Schweinebraten（烤猪肉）、Schweinshaxe（烤火腿）、Steckerlfisch（烤鱼串）、Würst（香肠）和Brezeln（椒盐卷饼）、Knödel（土豆或饺子）、Käsespätzle（奶酪面）、Reiberdatschi（土豆煎饼）、泡菜或Rotkohl/Blaukraut（红色卷心菜）和巴伐利亚的美味佳肴，如Obatzda（一种调味奶酪黄油酱）和Weisswurst（一种白色香肠）。

Portrait of Ludwig I of Bavaria as Crown Prince |Artist: Angelika Kauffmann

巴伐利亚路德维希一世作为王储的肖像

Oktoberfest History 历史

Crown Prince Ludwig, later to become King Ludwig I, was married to Princess Therese of Bavaria on October 12, 1810. The citizens of Munich were invited to attend the festivities held on the fields in front of the city gates to celebrate the happy royal event. The fields have been named Theresienwiese (“Theresa's meadow”) in honor of the Crown Princess ever since, although the locals have since abbreviated the name simply to the “Wies'n”.

路德维希王储，后来成为路德维希一世国王，于1810年10月12日与巴伐利亚的特蕾丝公主结婚。慕尼黑市民应邀参加在城市大门前的田野上举行的庆祝活动，以庆祝皇家节日的快乐。从那时起，这块土地就被命名为“特蕾莎草地”（Theresienweese），以纪念王妃，尽管当地人后来把这个名字简单地缩写为（Wies'n）。

Horse race | Image Credit: All Events

赛马活动

Horse races in the presence of the Royal Family marked the close of the event that was celebrated as a festival for the whole of Bavaria. The decision to repeat the horse races in the subsequent year gave rise to the tradition of the Oktoberfest.

皇家在场的赛马活动标志着整个巴伐利亚州庆祝活动的结束。在接下来的一年里重复赛马的决定产生了啤酒节的传统。

The Munich Oktoberfest originally took place during the sixteen days up to and including the first Sunday in October. The festival was eventually prolonged and moved ahead to September to allow for better weather conditions. In 1994, the schedule was modified in response to German reunification so that if the first Sunday in October falls on the 1st or 2nd, then the festival would go on until October 3 (German Unity Day).

慕尼黑啤酒节最初在10月的第一个星期天（包括第一个星期天）之前的16天内举行。节日最终被延长，并提前到9月，以适应更好的天气条件。1994年，为了响应德国统一，对时间表进行了修改，因此，如果10月的第一个星期日是1日或2日，那么节日将持续到10月3日（德国统一日）。

The festival is now 17 days when the first Sunday is October 2 and 18 days when it is October1.

现在，10月的第一个星期日如果是2号，啤酒节将变成17天；如果是1号，则这个节日总共有18天。

By 1960, the Oktoberfest had turned into an enormous world-famous festival. Since then, foreigners began to picture Germans as wearing the Sennerhut, Lederhosen, and the girls in Dirndl. 

到1960年，啤酒节变成了一个巨大的世界闻名的节日。从那时起，外国人开始把德国人想象成穿着森纳胡特、莱德豪森和德兰德的姑娘。

2010 marked the 200th anniversary of Oktoberfest. For the anniversary, there was a horse race in historical costumes on the opening day. A so-called “Historische Wiesn”(historical Oktoberfest) took place, starting one day earlier than usual on the southern part of the festival grounds. A specially brewed beer (solely available at the tents of the historical Oktoberfest), horse races, and amuseum tents gave visitors an impression of how the event felt a century ago.

2010年是啤酒节200周年。为纪念日，开幕日有一场穿着历史服装的赛马。一个所谓的“HistorischeWiesn”（历史啤酒节）发生了，比往常早一天，在节日的南部。一种特别酿造的啤酒（只在历史悠久的啤酒节的帐篷里提供）、赛马和博物馆的帐篷给游客一个世纪前的感受。

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