BRI Asian Countries 一带一路亚洲国家 28 | Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country in Western Asia. It borders Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain and the UAE to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south. Most of the country’s terrain consists of arid desert, lowland and mountains.
沙特阿拉伯王国是西亚国家。北部与约旦接伊拉克，东北部与科威特交界，东部与卡塔尔、巴林和阿联酋接壤，东南部接阿曼，南部与也门接壤。沙特阿拉伯大部分地形由干旱的沙漠、低地和山脉组成。
National Anthem 国歌
The national anthem of Saudi Arabia is “النشيد الوطني السعودي ” which just means “Saudi Arabia National Anthem.”
沙特阿拉伯国歌是“沙特阿拉伯国歌”。
National Flag 国旗
The national flag of Saudi Arabia has a green background with a white inscription at the center and a white sabre below the inscription. The inscription is also known as the shahada, it is the Muslim Statement of Faith which in English is: "There is no God but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God".
沙特阿拉伯国旗的背景是绿色，中间是白色的铭文，铭文下面是白色的军刀。铭文也被称为沙哈达，它是穆斯林的信仰声明，意思是：“除了主，只有主，穆罕默德就是主的信使”。
Currency 货币
The currency used in Saudi Arabia is Saudi Riyal.
沙特阿拉伯使用的货币是沙特阿拉伯里亚尔。
Riyadh 利雅得
Riyadh is the capital and the largest city of Saudi Arabia. The city is of urban nature with a dense population and is kept on the top of the list of cities in Saudi Arabia. The word Riyadh is derived from an Arabic word which means “garden of meadows”. This started developing in the 17th century as a small village and became one of the highly developed cities in the middle east, in the 20th century.
利雅得是沙特阿拉伯的首都和最大城市。这座城市人口稠密，一直位居沙特阿拉伯城市榜首。利雅得这个词来源于一个阿拉伯语单词，意思是“草地花园”。本来是个小村庄，但是从17世纪开始发展，20世纪成为中东地区高度发达的城市之一。
The climate is normally hottest in the day and cool in the night like that of any desert. Riyadh’s land is also distinctively fertile for cultivation as compared to other cities of Saudi Arab. Being a highly populated city with Muslims, its culture includes social norms of being sex-segregated and most of the recreational activities include family gatherings, while public gatherings involve mostly males. The inhabitants give utmost importance to religious activities which makes it full of mosques.
它的气候就像任何沙漠地区一样，通常是白天最热，晚上很凉爽。与沙特阿拉伯的其他城市相比，利雅得的土地比较肥沃。作为一个穆斯林聚居的城市，它的文化包括性别隔离的社会规范，大多数娱乐活动仅限于家庭聚会，而公共集会则主要是男性参加。居民们非常重视宗教活动，因此这里到处都有清真寺。
There is a festival called “Al-Janadiriyyah” held in Riyadh every year. It’s a cultural festival and the biggest one in the whole Arab world. The festival includes poetry sessions, panel debates, intellectual forums, food, music, art display, shopping and much more. There are also many historical sites to be seen in Riyadh including Masmak citadel, Ad, Diriyah and Riyadh national museum. Riyadh was also given the title of ‘cultural capital” by UNESCO in 2000.
利雅得每年都会举办一个名为“Al-Janadiriyyah”的节日。这是一个文化节，也是整个阿拉伯世界最大的文化节。这个节日包括诗歌会议、小组辩论、智力论坛、食物、音乐、艺术展示、购物等等。利雅得还有许多历史遗迹，包括Masmak citadel、Ad、Diriyah和利雅得国家博物馆。2000年，联合国教科文组织还授予利雅得“文化之都”称号。
Jeddah 吉达
Jeddah is another important city for Saudi Arabia. It went through modernization rapidly after World War II. The most remarkable one was the creation of the biggest petroleum plant in the world. Before oil was discovered in the city, its economy was dependent on fishing, farming, and cattle. The development of the whole of Saudi Arabia mainly started on this city, making it a gateway. As there are two highways leading towards Makkah and Medina (cities with religious hallmarks), a great number of Muslims traveling from all over the world to Saudi Arabia for Hajj, they first land in Jeddah.
吉达是沙特阿拉伯的另一个重要城市。第二次世界大战后，它迅速实现了现代化。最引人注目的是世界上最大的石油工厂的建立。在这个城市发现石油之前，它的经济依赖于渔业、农业和牲畜。整个沙特阿拉伯的发展主要从这个城市开始，使之成为一个国家门户。由于有两条通往麦加和麦地那（带有宗教标志的城市）的高速公路，许多穆斯林从世界各地前往沙特阿拉伯朝觐，他们首先在吉达降落。
The city is well developed and many educational institutes and health centers. There are many recreational spots, restaurants, hotels, malls, bazaars, beach and much more. The important and worth seeing historical sites include museums, El Salam palace with the biggest fountain in the world, and interesting monuments. The city used to be called “the city of statues” because it has a lot of monuments.
这个城市很发达，有许多教育机构和卫生中心。这里有许多娱乐场所、餐馆、酒店、商场、集市、海滩等等。重要且值得一看的历史遗迹包括博物馆、世界上最大喷泉的埃尔萨拉姆宫和有趣的纪念碑。这座城市因为它有很多纪念碑，它曾经被称为“雕像之城”。
Makkah 麦加
Makkah is the holiest city for all Muslims around the world. It has Kaaba which is the holiest sanctum in Islam, similarly, it is set up as the Kibla in Quran.
麦加是全世界穆斯林最神圣的城市。卡巴是伊斯兰教中最神圣的圣所，同样，它在古兰经中被称为基布拉。
Medina 麦地那
Medina is normally insinuated as the “Splendid City” and is found in the Hejaz. Found in this city, is Al-Masjid an-Nabawī, a mosque established and built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is one of the first mosques built by Muhammad, and is now one of the largest mosques in the world. It is the second-holiest site in Islam, after the Great Mosque in Mecca. Prophet Muhammad moved to Madina which is otherwise called Hijra (relocation to Medina) in 622.
麦地那通常被影射为“灿烂的城市”，它位于赫贾兹。在这座城市有伊斯兰先知穆罕默德建立和建造的清真寺Al-Masjid an Nabawī。它是穆罕默德建造的第一座清真寺之一，现在是世界上最大的清真寺之一。它是伊斯兰教第二大圣地，仅次于麦加的大清真寺。先知穆罕默德于622年迁往麦地那，也就是所谓的回历（重新安置到麦地那）。
Dammam 达曼
Dammam is another city touching the Persian Gulf included in the major cities in Saudi Arabia. Huge oil reserves have been discovered turning it to an industrial hub. Another important aspect is that other than being a commercial and industrial hub, it is also rich in agricultural land and dairy. It lies on the eastern side of the country. Most of the development of Dammam started in 1940 giving it striking transformation and modernization. Dammam has many beautiful beaches and fishing spots.
达曼是另一个滨波斯湾的城市，其它包括沙特阿拉伯的主要城市。已发现巨大的石油储量使其成为一个工业中心。另一个重要的方面是，除了作为商业和工业中心，它还拥有丰富的农业用地和奶制品。它位于该国的东部。达曼的大部分发展始于1940年，给它带来了显著的变革和现代化。达曼有许多美丽的海滩和钓鱼点。
Buraydah 布赖代
Buraydah is purely an agricultural city of Saudi Arabia. In early times, it was also the main center for export and trade of horses and camels. Buraydah is famous for its production of tastiest dates, grapes, lemons, and many other fruits. There is a number of experimental farms for dairy, cattle, and sheep. This city is not much famous for modernization and has a conservative and strict culture, specifically for women.
布赖代纯粹是沙特阿拉伯的一个农业城市。早期的时候，这里还是马匹和骆驼的主要出口和贸易中心。布赖代以生产美味的枣子、葡萄、柠檬和许多其他水果而闻名。有许多奶牛、牛和羊的试验农场。这个城市不是很现代化，它有着保守而严格的文化，特别是对妇女而言。
Tabuk 塔布克
Tabuk is also known as the oasis city, lies in the northwestern region of Saudi Arab. It is famous for its dense date palms. Tabuk is also an industrial city making it metropolitan in nature. The city is known for having some famous bird species which include Tristram’s Stratlings, White-spectacled Bulbuls, Palestinian Sunbird, Southern Grey Shrike, and Desert Lark. Tabuk is also rich in historical and architectural sites. Example are Turkish Fort, the birds of gardens, and the Park of Prince Fahad Bin Sultan.
塔布克又称绿洲城，位于沙特阿拉伯西北部地区。它以茂密的枣树而闻名。塔布克也是一个工业城市，使其成为大都市的性质。这座城市以一些著名的鸟类而闻名，这些鸟类包括崔斯特瑞姆的百灵鸟、白眼球鸟、巴勒斯坦太阳鸟、南方灰伯劳鸟和沙漠百灵鸟。塔布克也有丰富的历史和建筑遗址。例如土耳其堡垒、花园之鸟和法哈德本苏丹王子公园。
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