投球(快速 第一部分） Bowling (Fast Part-I)

向击球手的三柱门投球的动作称为投球，这样做的球员称为投球手。球被扔过横木，并且有一套规则来规定在投球上的方式。

Act of throwing ball towards the wickets of the batter on strike is called bowling and the player doing this is called bowler. Ball is thrown overarm and there are set of rules for manner in which one can bowl.

最重要的规则是，当把球扔出去时，肘部的弯曲度不应超过15度。如果肘部弯曲超过这个程度，就称为投掷或夹击。击球手端的裁判员如果发现投球手投球，可以宣布该球为“坏球”，并告知非击球端的裁判员原因。

Most important rule is that while throwing the ball overarm, elbow should not bend more than 15°. If elbow is bent more than this it is called throwing or chucking. Umpire at the striking batter’s end can declare the ball as “No ball” if he finds a bowler throwing a ball and inform umpire at the non-striking end about the reason to do so.

一个投球手可以一次合规投球6次（不算坏球和死球）。6个合规传递的球称为一轮。每个投球手在一天的板球比赛中最多只能投出10个球（如果局中的球数减少，球数就会减少），在T20中最多只能投出4个球（如果局中的球数减少，球数就会减少）。测试比赛没有这样的限制。

A bowler can bowl 6 times legally at one time (No balls and wide balls are not counted). 6 legal deliveries of balls is called an over. Every bowler is restricted to bowl maximum 10 overs in One day cricket (gets reduced if number of overs in innings are reduced) and 4 overs in T20 (gets reduced if number of overs for innings are reduced). Test match doesn’t have such restriction.

投球运动员在投球时必须小心，这样投球就不会被宣布为违规，也不会受到惩罚。投球规则如下：

Bowler has to take care while bowling so that the bowl is not declared illegal and penalised. Following are the rules of the bowling:

如果投球手在危险的情况下投球，裁判员会发出警告，尽管有防护装置，但这也会对击球手造成伤害。警告之前此球称为“坏球”。此过程可以再次重复，表明投球手是最后的警告。如果重复，投球手可以被停赛，不允许在局中再次投球。如果在暂停前未完成，则必须由其他选手完成。

Bowler can be warned by the umpire if he is bowling dangerously which can cause injury to the batter despite protective gears. Warning is preceded by calling the ball as, “no ball”. This procedure can be repeated once again indicating bowler as the final warning. If repeated, bowler can be suspended and will not be allowed to bowl again in the inning. If the over is not complete before suspension, it has to be completed by other player.

 投球结束后，投球手必须离开球场的比赛区域，以免对球场造成损害。投球手会因此会受到两次警告，第三次将被停赛。如果这轮没完成，球队的其他球员将完成此轮并投球手将不允许在剩余时间投球。

After completion of delivering the ball, bowler has to move away from the playing area of the pitch to avoid causing damage to the pitch. Bowler will be warned twice for this bythe umpire and third time he will be suspended. In case of over is incomplete, other player of the team will complete the over and bowler will not be allowed to bowl for rest of the inning.

投球手必须从投掷步开始接球。如果不这样做，球被称为“坏球”，这意味着在此轮，额外跑动到击球队，并根据格式，可以多得到一个球的机会。

Bowler has to deliver the ball from delivery stride. If it is not done, ball is called, “No ball” that means extra ball in an over, extra run to batting team and depending upon format, a free hit for the next delivery.

投球手在接球时必须注意双脚落地。投球手的后脚必须落在位置线内，并且在球离手时不要碰到回击的位置线，否则球将被视为坏球。除了在这种球上得分的其他跑动外，击球队还将获得额外的跑动。

Bowler has to take care of landing of both his feet while delivering the ball. Bowler’s back foot must land within the crease and not touch the return crease while releasing the ball or else the ball will be called no ball. Additional run is awarded to the batting team apart from other runs scored on such balls.

 投球手的大部分前脚应该在投球时在起跳位置线的后面。否则，球将被宣布为坏球。除了在这种球上得分的其他跑动外，击球队还将获得额外的跑动。

Bowler’s most part of the front foot should be behind the popping crease line while delivering the ball. Failing this the ball will be declared no ball. Additional run is awarded to the batting team apart from other runs scored on such balls.

如果投球手投出的球在弹跳超过一次或滚动后到达击球手，则球被宣布为坏球。除了在这种球上得分的其他跑动外，击球队还将获得额外的跑动。

If bowler bowls a ball which reaches striking batter after bouncing more than one time or rolling, ball is declared no ball. Additional run is awarded to the batting team apart from other runs scored on such balls.

如果投球手投出的球停在投球手的三柱门前，而事先没有碰到球棒或投球手人，裁判员应发出坏球信号，立即呼叫并发出死球信号。除其他得分外，其他得分的得分将给予击球队。

If a ball delivered by the bowler comes to rest in front of the line of the striker’s wicket, without having previously touched the bat or person of the striker, the umpire shall call and signal No ball and immediately call and signal Dead ball. Additional run is awarded to the batting team apart from any other runs scored.

投球手能够通过一个正常的投球用他的球棒击中球，投球手传球有足够的宽度范围 。额外的球必须投球，击球队从其他跑动会被判一次罚分（无接触得分跑动）。

The ball will be considered as passing wide of the striker unless it is sufficiently within his reach for him to be able to hit it with his bat by means of a normal cricket stroke. Additional ball has to be bowled and batting team is awarded one run as penalty apart from other runs scored from the ball (bye runs).

有多种方法可以把球传给击球手。球的一边因为总是擦着裤子所以光亮，而另一边则很粗糙。保持粗糙度是利用了球场和天气条件来获得投球的变化。我们根据球的速度和动作列出球传递的类型。

There are various methods to deliver the ball to the batter. One side of the ball is always kept shining by rubbing on trouser and other side is rough. Roughness is maintained to take advantage of pitch conditions and weather conditions to obtain variation in bowling. We are listing types of ball delivery according to the speed and behaviour of delivery.

这个视频是一个快速投球手最好的一轮投球

This video is of one the best over bowled by an fast bowler.

快速投球

Fast bowling

球被保持在接缝向上的位置，以使球在空中或球场外移动。用中指和食指夹在球缝的两边，由中指指和拇指支撑。球朝着球的粗糙面摆动。光亮的表面在空气中移动得更快，而粗糙的表面则失去了动量，导致球向粗糙表面的方向移动。

Ball is held in seam up position to get movement in ball from air or off the pitch. Ball is held by middle and index finger on both side of the seam, supported by third finger and thumb. Ball swings to the direction facing the rough side of the ball. Shiny surface moves faster through the air while the rough surface loses momentum, causing the ball to move towards the direction of the rough surface.

根据投球手的投球动作，快速投球的类型有

Depending upon bowling action of a bowler, types of fast bowlers are:

侧身

Side On

投球手在投球过程中，看前臂后面，肩角度在三柱门和后脚之间180度，与击球线平行，这种投球动作称为侧身。

Bowler looking behind the front arm during the delivery of the ball, shoulder angle being 180° between the wicket and rear foot being parallel to the popping crease, such bowling action is called side on.

正面

Front on

投球运动员的后脚面向球的传递方向。投球手面向击球手的方向，在三柱门和肩部之间形成超过180°的角度。这样的投球动作叫正面。

Rear foot of the bowler faces the direction in which the ball is intended to be delivered. Bowler faces the direction of the batter resulting into more than 180° angle between wicket and shoulders. Such bowling action is called front on.

混合

Mixed

混合动作是上述两个动作的组合。它可以是一个投球手在后脚接触时采用前对脚和肩膀的对齐方式，但在传递跨步过程中，随后肩膀重新对齐成侧对位置。

The mixed action is a combination of the two above actions. It can be a bowler adopting a front-on foot and shoulder alignment at back foot contact but is followed by a realignment of the shoulders into a side on position during the delivery stride. 

快速投球的顺序

Sequence in fast bowling

 快速投球需要一个基本的顺序，以实现技术和生物力学上正确的投球动作。这一顺序可分为五个关键区域：助跑、传球前跨步、传球跨步（后脚和前脚接触）、球投放（内弧线球/外弧线球）和保持。

Fast bowling requires a basic sequence in order to achieve a technically and biomechanically correct bowling action. This sequence can be divided into five key areas: the run up, pre-delivery stride, delivery stride (back foot and front foot contact), ball release (inswing/outswing), and the follow through.

助跑

Run up

助跑的目的是为球提供速度。投球运动员需要设计他们跑起来的长度、速度和节奏，以便他们能够在准备传球前的步伐中控制身体减速。

Purpose of run up is to provide speed to the ball. bowlers need to design the length, speed and rhythm of their run up so that they are able to control the deceleration of their body during pre-delivery stride. 

传球前跨步

Pre-delivery strides

准备传球前的跨步在投球比赛中至关重要。投球手腾空跳起，让身体自行组织，为投球的跨步做准备。对于右手投球手，跳跃从左脚开始，到投球手右脚着地结束。为了获得投球的最快速度，需要“跳跃”。

The pre-delivery stride is crucial in the bowling sequence. The bowler leaps into the air to allow the body to organise itself in preparation for the delivery stride. For a right handed bowler the leap starts off the left foot and ends when the bowler lands on their right foot. ‘Leap’ is needed in order to obtain maximum velocity of the bowl.

传球跨步（后脚接触、前脚接触）

Delivery Stride (Back foot contact, Front foot contact)

当投球手进入投球跨步时，后脚首先接触地面。在许多投球运动中，投球运动员的重心是靠后的，由后脚支撑。这主要出现在投球运动员的侧面，因为脊柱会侧向弯曲。投球的人往往不苗条。然而，后脚并不是承受最大压力的脚。需要更彻底考验的是前脚。当前脚接触地面时，根据前腿的不同，用高达投球手体重九倍的力量来保持身体稳定。如果前脚伸展或伸直，投球手将能够在投球时产生更快的球速。前膝提供了一个重要的支点，允许上身弹射向预期球释放的方向。延伸的前腿也可以使用助跑时产生的力，并在控球时释放它们。然而，如果前腿弯曲，将导致投球手的动力停止，导致臀部向前。

As the bowler is coming into the delivery stride, the back foot contacts the ground first. In many bowling actions, the bowlers body weight is leaning backwards supported by the back foot. This is mostly seen inside on bowlers due to lateral flexion of the spine. Front on bowlers tend to not have such a lean. However the back foot is not the foot under the most pressure. It is the front foot that needs to be examined more thoroughly. When the front foot contacts the ground, there are forces up to nine times the bowler’s body weight depending on the front leg to keep the body stable. If the front foot is extended or straight, the bowler will be able to produce higher ball speeds in the delivery. The front knee provides an important pivot point which allows for the upper body to be catapulted towards the intended direction of ball release. An extended front leg can also wield the forces produced inthe run up and release them in the ball release. However, if the front leg is flexed or bent will result in the bowler’s momentum to cease causing the trunk to drive forward.

角速度在传递胯步中也非常重要。在传球开始时弯曲手臂是保存角动量的适当方法，因此会使传球更快。此外，在传球跨步结束前，利用增加的惯性伸展手臂同样重要。然而，如果过早地伸展手臂，投球手可能会失去助跑时产生的角动量。伸展手臂太晚会使投球手失去惯性增大的优势。这可能需要大量的练习，但一旦掌握，它将导致投球的速度增加。

Angular velocity is also very important in the delivery stride. Having bent arms at the start of the delivery stride is the appropriate technique to conserve angular momentum, therefore making it a faster delivery. Additionally, extending of the arms is equally important towards the end of the delivery stride to take advantage of an increased moment of inertia. However, if the arms are extended too early, the bowler may lose angular momentum coming out of the run up.  Extending the arms too late allows the bowler to lose the advantage of an increased moment of inertia. This may take a lot of practice but once mastered, it will result in increased velocity of the ball bowled.

球投放

Ball Release

如果球投放没有用正确的顺序，其余的顺序都是浪费的。前脚着地时投球臂的位置将预测球的速度。许多投球手的动作各不相同，但速度极快的投球手会尽可能地延迟投球手臂。专业的快速投球运动员已经将这种技术作为一种习惯，因为投球时手臂离上躯干越远，在球投放时会在肩部形成一个角度，因此提高了球的速度。
If the ball release sequence is not performed properly, the rest of the sequences will be wasted. The position of the bowling arm when the front foot is grounded will predict how fast the ball will be. Many bowlers have varied actions but the extremely fast bowlers delay the bowling arm as much as possible. Professional fast bowlers have made this technique a habit as bowling with the arm further back from the upper trunk creates an angle in the shoulder at ball release, therefore increasing ball speed.

另一个影响投球动作中球投放速度的因素是投球手的三柱门位置。在球投放前弯曲手腕，在释放球的同时伸展手腕，可以增加球的速度。这是因为手指和手腕是投球运动中最远端的关节，在投球之前，通过弯曲和伸展手指和手腕，可以加快球的速度。

Another factor that contributes to speed at the release ofthe ball in the bowling action, is the wrist position of the bowler. Flexing of the wrist before the ball release and extending the wrist whilst releasing the ball can add velocity to the ball. This is because the fingers and the wrist are the most distal joints that are part of the bowling action and by flexing and then extending them before the ball is bowled, will allow for faster ball speed.

挥杆投球很大程度上依赖于球的释放，因为手指和手腕在球上的位置决定了球能否正确挥杆。

Swing bowling relies heavily on the ball release as the finger and wrist position on the ball determine whether the ball will swing correctly. 

保持

Follow Through

通过使用正确的技术，可以避免对投球手的身体造成伤害以及对球场造成的损害。当球从手上松开后，投球手需要确保投球臂从左大腿外侧向下（对于右手投球手）。确保投球手臂经过左大腿时离地面大约一英尺，这一点也很重要。

Following through using the correct technique can avoid doing damage to the body of the bowler and doing damage to the pitch. After the ball has been released from the hand, the bowler needs to make sure that the bowling arm follows through down the outside of the left thigh (for a right handed bowler). It is also important to ensure that the bowling arm is roughly a foot from the ground when it passes the left thigh.   

当手臂沿着正确的方向移动时，快速投球手不要立即停止是至关重要的。这将对上半身和下半身施加严重的压力。投球手在第一步保持冲向目标的势头，但在第二步、第三步和第四步偏离球场是很重要的。这样可以确保投球运动员沿着直线运动，减少上下身受伤的可能性。接下来要做的就是满足投球手的需要，在不费力的情况下放慢身体速度。如果不这样做，可能会造成伤害，并将行动的有效性降至最低。

As the arms have followed through in the right direction, itis now crucial that the fast bowler does not come to an immediate stop. This will put severe pressure on the upper body and lower body. It is important that the bowler keeps the momentum going towards the target for the first step of the follow through, but then deviates off the pitch with the second, third and fourth stride. This ensures that the bowler is following through in a linear path and reduces the chance of injury due to reduction of the upper and lower body. The follow through should be as long as what is needed to suit the bowlers needs and to slow down the body without exertion. Failure to do so can result in injury and minimising the effectiveness of the action.

我们的目的是能深入地分享这种漂亮的比赛细节。这是第三部分，以后还会有更多内容。

Our intention is to share in depth details about this beautiful game. This is the third part and more will follow soon.

再次温馨提醒您，从2019年4月5日到2019年4月7日，在深圳举行T20锦标赛。这是现场观看比赛的好机会哦。

We would again like to remind you about T20 tournament being held at Shenzhen from 5^th April 2019 to 7^th April 2019. This is good opportunity to witness game being played live.

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