抗流感病毒药物与市场分析
面目可憎的SARS-CoV-19尚未被人类完全征服,阴魂不散的流感病毒又开始肆虐。人类与病毒的斗争,就这么周而复始地在“科学的进步 ↔ 病毒的变异与耐药性”这个循环中螺旋上升。季节性流感病毒的周期性传播,令抗流感病毒药物开发的重要性再次凸显出来。24年前上市的奥司他韦仍然是抗流感病毒药物的中流砥柱,尽管首创新药巴洛沙韦充实了抗流感药物的队伍,但它的上市也是5年之前的事情了。在领教了SARS-CoV-19病毒的残暴之后,人们需要在流感药物的开发上取得尽快的突破。
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季节性流感分类
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流感治疗
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抗流感病毒药物
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神经氨酸酶抑制剂(Neuraminidase inhibitors)
图1. 常见神经氨酸酶抑制剂类抗流感病毒药物及其分子结构
图2. 新型神经氨酸酶抑制剂药物候选物AV5080化学结构
图3. CDD组成部分示意图。(图片来源:CIDARA Therapeutics)
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聚合酶抑制剂(Polymerase Inhibitors)
图4. 病毒核糖核蛋白 (vRNP) 复合体模型。在vRNP中,基因组负义病毒 RNA (vRNA) 片段的 5' 和 3' 末端被异源三聚体 RNA 依赖性RNA 聚合酶结合,vRNA 的其余部分被核蛋白 (NP) 包裹。该复合物被扭曲成反平行双螺旋结构,其结构由NP单体之间的接触维持。vRNA在聚合酶结合端6的对面形成一个环。(图片来源:Nature)
图5. RNA聚合酶抑制剂类抗流感病毒药物化学结构
图6. 新型聚合酶抑制剂molnupiravir化学结构
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抗流感病毒药物全球市场
图7. 抗流感病毒在研药纵览。(图片来源:Antiviral Research)
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[10] Hou, L. et al. Contemporary medicinal chemistry strategies for the discovery and optimization of influenza inhibitors targeting vRNP constituent proteins. Acta Pharm. Sin. B. 2022, 12, 1805-1824.
[11] Stevaert, A. et al. The influenza virus polymerase complex: an update on its structure, functions, and significance for antiviral drug design. Med. Res. Rev. 2016, 36, 1127-1173.
[12] Ivashchenko, A. A. et al. Synthesis, inhibitory activity and oral dosing formulation of AV5124, the structural analogue of influenza virus endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2021, 76, 1010-1018.
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