联合国秘书长古特雷斯：为人类和地球采取气候行动刻不容缓

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在第52个世界地球日即将来临之际，联合国秘书长安东尼奥•古特雷斯发表题为《为人类和地球采取气候行动刻不容缓》的署名文章，呼吁各方采取行动应对气候变化、保护生物多样性、停止人类对自然界的战争、加紧努力实现可持续发展目标。全文如下：

“为人类和地球采取气候行动刻不容缓”

作者：联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯

在这对人类至关重要的一年，采取大胆的气候行动已然刻不容缓。

科学研究表明，必须将全球变热幅度控制在1.5摄氏度以内才能阻止气候危机变成永久性的灾难。此结论无可辩驳，全世界一致认同。

要做到这一点，就必须在本世纪中叶实现温室气体净零排放。占全球经济总量约三分之二的国家已经承诺这样做。此态度令人鼓舞，但我们还迫切需要所有国家、城市、企业、金融机构都加入这个联盟，采纳向净零排放过渡的具体计划。

更紧迫的是，各国政府当下就应以实际行动来实现这个宏伟的长远目标，恰如为抗击COVID-19大流行而调动数万亿美元那样。振兴经济是我们重塑未来的机会。

世界已建立《巴黎协定》这个强有力的行动框架，各国在其中承诺制定自身的气候行动计划并每隔五年予以加强。从那时起五年多过去了，有确凿证据表明我们若不采取行动就将致地球于灭顶之灾。联合国将于11月召集所有国家在格拉斯哥举行气候变化框架公约第二十六届缔约方会议。果断采取有效行动的时刻已经到来。

各国必须制定新的国家计划，从而使全球温室气体污染到2030年较2010年降低至少45%。许多国家已提出此项计划，就如何适应气候变化影响、促进获得可再生能源定下了更明确的政策。

但这些计划到目前为止能达到的减排幅度还不到1%。这对人类和地球而言已是名副其实的红色预警了。

未来几个月，从美国即将主办的领导人峰会开始，各国政府必须大幅提高减排目标。

电力行业逐步淘汰煤炭发电是实现1.5摄氏度目标的最重要一步。如能立即采取行动在电力部门禁用这种污染最重的化石燃料，就还有机会赢得胜利。

全球发电用煤量到2030年必须较2010年下降80%。这意味着发达经济体必须承诺到2030年彻底淘汰煤炭，其他国家则须在2040年之前做到这一点。没有任何理由在任何地方建造任何新的燃煤发电厂。全球三分之一的此类发电厂的运营成本已高于新建可再生能源发电设施和储电设施的成本。气候变化框架公约第二十六届缔约方会议必须发出停止使用煤炭的信号。

我们必须确保世界向清洁空气和可再生能源的过渡是公正的。受影响行业和非正规部门的员工在改换职业或接受再培训方面必须得到支持。还必须让妇女和女童为推动变革发挥巨大作用，包括让她们以平等身份参与治理和决策。

一些国家对造成气候变化的责任最小，却遭受着气候变化的多种最恶劣影响。我们若不加紧采取应对措施，许多小岛屿国家将不复存在。发达国家必须兑现每年提供和调动1000亿美元的承诺，具体方式包括：

• 将目前的气候融资水平翻一番；

• 将全部气候资金的一半用于适应气候变化活动；

• 在国际上停止对煤炭行业供资；

• 将补贴对象从化石燃料转向可再生能源。

6月份将举行七国集团峰会，届时世界上最富有的国家将有机会表明态度，承诺为第二十六届缔约方会议取得成功提供必要的资金。

政府必须发挥领导作用，同时各类决策者也要发挥至关重要的作用。

我请各多边开发银行和国家开发银行在第二十六届缔约方会议之前制定明确的政策，提供资金帮助发展中国家从疫情中恢复过来、向有气候韧性的经济转型，包括为此考虑到这些国家沉重的债务负担及其国家预算面临的巨大压力。

许多地方政府和私营企业承诺到2050年实现净零排放并深入审查了自身的业务模式。我促请各方都设定宏伟的目标和政策。

我鼓励世界各地的年轻人继续呼吁各方采取行动应对气候变化、保护生物多样性、停止人类对自然界的战争、加紧努力实现可持续发展目标。

时间已然不多，前头还有很多艰巨工作要完成，然而这绝不是升白旗的理由。联合国将继续高举其象征团结与希望的蔚蓝色旗帜。我促请所有国家和所有人在这个地球日以及未来关键的几个月里携手奋起、迎接挑战。

以下为英文原文：

“CLIMATE ACTION FOR PEOPLE AND PLANET: THE TIME IS NOW”

By António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations

In this pivotal year for humanity, now is the time for bold climate action.

The science is irrefutable and globally agreed: to stop the climate crisis from becoming a permanent catastrophe, we must limit global heating to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

To do this, we must get to net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by mid-century. Countries making up about two-thirds of the global economy have committed to do so. This is encouraging, but we urgently need every country, city, business and financial institution to join this coalition and adopt concrete plans for transitioning to net zero.

Even more urgent is for governments to match this long-term ambition with concrete actions now, as trillions of dollars are mobilized to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. Revitalizing economies is our chance to re-engineer our future.

The world has a strong framework for action: the Paris Agreement, in which all countries committed to set their own national climate action plans and strengthen them every five years. Over five years later, and with damning proof that if we don’t act we will destroy our planet, it is time for decisive and effective action as the United Nations convenes all countries in Glasgow in November for COP26.

The new national plans must cut global greenhouse gas pollution by at least 45 per cent by 2030 compared to 2010 levels. Many have been presented already, and set out clearer policies to adapt to the impacts of climate change and boost access to renewable energy.

But so far, those plans achieve less than a 1 per cent cut in emissions. This is a true red alert for people and planet.

In the months ahead, beginning with the upcoming Leaders Summit hosted by the United States, governments must dramatically step up their ambitions.

Phasing out coal from the electricity sector is the single most important step to get in line with the 1.5-degree goal. Immediate action to remove the dirtiest, most polluting fossil fuel from power sectors offers our world a fighting chance.

Global coal use in electricity generation must fall by 80 per cent below 2010 levels by 2030. This means that developed economies must commit to phase out coal by 2030; other countries must do this by 2040. There is simply no reason for any new coal plants to be built anywhere. One third of the global coal fleet is already more costly to operate than building new renewables and storage. COP26 must signal an end to coal.

As the world moves toward clean air and renewable energy, it is essential that we ensure a just transition. Workers in impacted industries and the informal sector must be supported as they move jobs or reskill. We must also unleash the vast power of women and girls to drive transformation, including as equal participants in governance and decision-making.

The countries that contributed least to climate change are suffering many of the worst impacts. Many small island nations will simply cease to exist if we don’t step up the response. The developed countries must deliver on their commitments to provide and mobilize $100 billion annually by:

• doubling current levels of climate finance;

• devoting half of all climate finance to adaptation;

• stopping the international funding of coal; and

• shifting subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

The G7 Summit in June offers the opportunity for the world’s wealthiest countries to step up and provide the necessary financial commitments that will ensure the success of COP26.

While governments must lead, decision-makers everywhere have a vital role to play.

I ask all multilateral and national developments banks, by COP26, to have clear policies in place to fund the COVID recovery and the transition to resilient economies in developing countries, taking into account crippling debt levels and huge pressures on national budgets.

Many local governments and private business have committed to net zero emissions by 2050, and have engaged in significant reviews of their business models. I urge all to set ambitious targets and policies.

I encourage young people everywhere to continue to raise their voices for action to address climate change, protect biodiversity, stop humanity’s war on nature and accelerate efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

Time is running out, and there is much hard work ahead, but this no time to raise the white flag. The United Nations will keep flying our blue flag of solidarity and hope. This Earth Day and over the crucial months ahead, I urge all nations and all people to rise together to this moment.

来源：中国网

http://guoqing.china.com.cn/2021-04/19/content_77419089.htm

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