《观察与建议》| 中华人民共和国的人口老龄化挑战

《观察与建议》2021-02 | 中华人民共和国的人口老龄化挑战

Observations & Suggestions: The Challenges of Population Aging in the People’s Republic of China

本文探讨了劳动力市场变革、有效的老年护理以及应对不断上升的老年抚养比率等问题的相关政策。

This note discusses policies to address socioeconomic effects of rapid population aging in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

尽管老龄化带来了巨大的挑战，但如果管理得当，老年护理新职业的兴起会带来新的就业机会。然而，为使上述益处变为现实，需要进行劳动力市场改革，提高长期护理和养老金方面的公共支出，并提供政策支持来帮助建立人口老龄化需求导向的经济体系。

While the PRC's aging population poses economic challenges, if managed well it could generate new employment opportunities with the emergence of new professions related to elderly care. However, capturing these benefits requires labor market reforms, higher public spending to finance long-term care and pensions, and policy support to form a needs-oriented economic system for the aging population. This note discusses policies on labor market changes, effective elderly care, and addressing the increasing old-age dependency ratio.

摘要

Abstract 

• 人口老龄化加剧对提供医疗卫生服务和可持续养老金的压力。如果不加以解决，还会导致劳动力短缺，从而减缓经济增长。

  Population aging increases pressure on the provision of health care services and the sustainability of pensions. It also creates labor shortages that, if unaddressed, can slow down economic growth.
• 尽管老龄化问题带来巨大挑战，如果管理得当，可以借助老年护理新职业的兴起创造新的就业机会。然而，获取这些利益要求劳动力市场改革，提高长期护理和养老金方面的公共支出，并为银发经济发展提供政策支持。
  While aging poses great challenges, if managed well, it can generate new employment opportunities with the emergence of new professions related to elderly care. However, capturing these benefits requires labor market reforms, higher public spending to finance long-term care and pensions, and policy support for the silver economy. 
• 此政策说明旨在提出相关政策建议，重点关注劳动力市场变革、长期老年护理以及解决不断上升 的老年抚养比率，帮助在中华人民共和国（中国）应对人口快速老龄化所产生的特定社会经济影响。
  
  This note aims to present policy recommendations to address selected socioeconomic implications of rapid population aging in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) with a focus on labor market changes, effective long-term elderly care, and measures to address the increasing old-age dependency ratio.

目录

Contents 

• 引言
  Introduction
• 人口老龄化和劳动力市场
  Population Aging and the Labor Market
• 人口老龄化和养老服务
  Population Aging and the Elderly Care
• 人口老龄化和老年抚养比
  Population Aging and Old-Age Dependency Ratio

关于《观察与建议》

《观察与建议》是一份中英文双语的系列政策报告，由亚洲开发银行（亚行）东亚局内部和外部专家编写，旨在就优先发展问题向东亚的公务人员和高层决策者提供信息和建议。议题主要由政府提出特别请求或由亚行东亚局发起，针对预期可能出现的政策或改革重点论题进行研究并给出建议。

Observations and Suggestions is an English-Chinese bilingual publication series produced by experts from inside and outside of ADB's East Asia Department. The policy notes are designed to provide information and advice on development issues to East Asia’s civil servants and policymakers. They are produced either on request from the Government or as an initiative of the East Asia Department on topics expected to emerge as policy or reform priorities.

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