理论与方法专栏 | 生成语法视角下的儿童语言习得和语言发展导论

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《理论语言学五道口站》（2020年第43期，总第107期）理论与方法专栏为大家推荐北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校语言学系Misha Becker教授和夏威夷大学语言学系Kamil Ud Deen教授2020年在MIT Press出版的著作Language Acquisition and Development — A Generative Introduction（《生成语法视角下的儿童语言习得和语言发展导论》）。

著作简介

Language Acquisition and Development — A Generative Introduction

《生成语法视角下的儿童语言习得和语言发展导论》

世界各地的儿童为何能无一例外地、迅速且轻易地掌握一门语言，这是困扰人类的一大 “谜团”。普遍语法理论认为，早期“语言习得”相对容易的原因是孩子们生来就能“创造语法”。本书涵盖生成语言学领域核心概念，从“生成语法”的视角对“儿童语言习得过程”和“语言学习发展规律”进行了介绍,有助于拓展读者该领域的知识。

本书以生成语法框架为主，分别对语音系统和句法系统的相关研究进行了介绍。语音研究包括：儿童语音感知及发声系统研究、词汇习得（词汇语义学）和构词研究（形态学）；句法研究包括：句子论元结构、功能结构和句法时态研究。此外，本书也涉及一些特殊案例，比如有视觉缺陷，听觉缺陷，认知障碍的儿童，在婴幼儿早期之后，如何习得母语；本书还研究了儿童同步习得和按次序习得两种语言的双语习得模式。

书中各章节包括章节小结、阅读拓展及章节练习，附录增设了国际音标和部分实验方法总结，有助于加深读者对“儿童语言习得”过程的进一步理解。

How children acquire language so quickly, easily, and uniformly is one of the great mysteries of the human experience. The theory of Universal Grammar suggests that one reason for the relative ease of early language acquisition is that children are born with a predisposition to create a grammar. This textbook offers an introduction to the study of children's acquisition and development of language from a generative/universal grammar–based theoretical perspective, providing comprehensive coverage of children's acquisition while presenting core concepts crucial to understanding generative linguistics more broadly.

After laying the theoretical groundwork, including consideration of alternative frameworks, the book explores the development of the sound system of language—children's perception and production of speech sound; examines how words are learned (lexical semantics) and how words are formed (morphology); investigates sentence structure (syntax), including argument structure, functional structure, and tense; considers such “nontypical” circumstances as acquiring a first language past infancy and early childhood, without the abilities to hear or see, and with certain cognitive disorders; and studies bilingual language acquisition, both simultaneously and in sequence.

Each chapter offers a summary section, suggestions for further reading, and exercises designed to test students' understanding of the material and provide opportunities to practice analyzing children's language. Appendixes provide charts of the International Phonetic Alphabet (with links to websites that allow students to listen to the sounds associated with these symbols) and a summary of selected experimental methodologies.

名家导读

-Jeffrey Lidz-

马里兰大学语言学系著名学者、语言学教授 

Distinguished Scholar-Teacher and Professor of Linguistics, University of Maryland

Becker和Deen为我们描绘了一幅清晰、透彻、精细的儿童语言习得过程图景。本书理论背景丰富、研究方法全面、研究成果众多，对语言学专业的学生具有重要参考价值。

Becker and Deen provide a lucid, thorough, and sophisticated picture of children's language acquisition. By connecting theories of how children come to know a language with the key discoveries and methods of the field, this text will prove to be an invaluable resource for students of the human language faculty.

-Jeannette Schaeffer-

阿姆斯特丹大学语言习得教授

Professor of Language Acquisition, University of Amsterdam

本书是生成语法框架下有关语言习得领域的里程碑式的著作。本书简明易懂，适用于任何对儿童语言发展和形式语言理论感兴趣的人。

This text is a great actualization of scientific thinking on language acquisition. Anchoring the explanation of children's language milestones within a generative framework, it does not neglect to point out other, input-based theories. Legible to anybody with an interest in child language development and formal linguistic theory.

作者简介

- Misha Becker -

Misha Becker是北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校语言学系教授。她的研究方向主要为句法理论和句法习得研究（形态句法和论元结构）。同时她对双语习得、语言复兴、特殊语言障碍、语言学习的计算模型、以及隐性语言知识实验方法等领域都有浓厚兴趣。

Misha Becker is Professor of Linguistics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Misha Becke’s research background is in syntactic theory and the acquisition of syntax, both morphosyntax and argument structure, in children (monolingual first language). And she is interested in bilingualism, language revitalization, Specific Language Impairment, computational modeling of language learning, and experimental methodologies for studying implicit linguistic knowledge. 

- Kamil Ud Deen -

Kamil Ud Deen是夏威夷大学语言学系教授。他的主要研究兴趣为第一语言习得及习得过程中的屈折变化和形态句法变化（一致关系、时态、语态、体态）。近年来，他的研究兴趣主要集中在指称表达式、代词和其他照应词的指称约束关系上的习得等。

Kamil Ud Deen is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. Kamil Ud Deen’s primary interest is in the acquisition of a first language. And he has worked on the acquisition of inflection, both morphological and syntactic, including agreement, tense, mood, and aspect. More recently, his interests have focused on the acquisition of reference binding of referential expressions, pronouns and other anaphors.

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编辑：田英慧 宁静 王秋梅

排版：王秋梅 安镜儒

审校：王丽媛 陈旭