费城选民看过来：今年还有四件大事需要你来决定
以下是《费城问询报》（费城当地的主流报纸 Philadelphia Inquirer）提供的对每项事务的解释，我们进行了全文翻译与梳理，供您投票前参考。
问题1: 拦截和搜身
选民被问及是否要修改费城法律，禁止警察 “违宪” 拦截和搜身。
分析：如果选票上这个问题得到通过，并不会完全取消拦截式搜身。研究表明，拦截式搜身被过度用于拦截有色种族。这次投票将由选民来决定，是否要求警察必须在有参与犯罪活动的合理怀疑情况下才能拦截，而不能基于 "种族、民族、性别、性取向、宗教信仰、言论、或其它受保护的特征"就拦截某人。
选票上的文字全文是如下：
We, the citizens of Philadelphia, call upon the Police Department to eliminate the practice of unconstitutional stop and frisk, consistent with judicial precedent, meaning an officer must have reasonable suspicion that a person is engaged in criminal activity in order to stop that person, and, therefore, an officer cannot stop someone unlawfully because of their race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religious affiliation or expression, or other protected characteristic.
我们，作为费城公民，呼吁警察局参照已有司法先例，取消违宪的拦截和搜身的做法，这意味着警察必须有合理的怀疑一个人正在从事犯罪活动，才可以拦截这个人。因此，警察不能依据种族、民族，性别、性取向、宗教信仰、言论表达、或其它受法律保护的特征而非法拦截某人。
通俗英文（宾州选举法要求）
The City’s Home Rule Charter is like the City’s constitution; it sets up the rules for City government.
If you vote “Yes” on this ballot question, it means you want to change the City’s Charter so that it sets forth a statement that calls upon the Police Department to end the practice of unconstitutional stop and frisk.
The statement would elaborate on the constitutional limitations on police stops. It would state that for a stop and frisk to be constitutional, an officer must have reasonable suspicion that the person stopped is engaged in criminal activity. It would also state that an officer cannot, under the law, stop someone because of that person’s race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religious affiliation or expression, or other protected characteristic.
本市的自治宪章就像本市的宪法一样，设置本市政府的规则。
如果你对这个投票问题投了 "是"，就意味着你想修改本市的宪章，以便在宪章中增加一项陈述，要求警察局结束违宪的拦截和搜身的做法。
这个陈述将详细说明警察拦截的宪法限制。这个陈述将指出，要使拦截和搜身符合宪法规定，警官必须具备被拦截者从事犯罪活动的合理怀疑。它还将指出，根据法律，警官不能因为某人的种族、族裔、性别、性取向、宗教信仰、言论表达、或其它受保护的特征而拦截此人。
问题2：是否设立受害者权益代表办公室
选民被问及费城是否应该设立受害者权益代表办公室，该办公室将与犯罪受害者合作，确保他们了解自己的权利，并与检察官和警察等机构合作。
市长在得到市议会批准情况下，将任命一位受害者权益首席代表。宾夕法尼亚州已经有州的受害者权益代表办公室。这个投票事项将创建本市的受害者权益代表办公室。
选票上的文字全文如下：
Shall The Philadelphia Home Rule Charter be amended to create the Office of the Victim Advocate to advocate for crime victims and to work with victim-services providers to coordinate, plan, train, educate, and investigate issues relating to crime victims?
费城应该修改地方自治宪章，建立受害者权益代表办公室为犯罪受害者代言，并与受害者服务提供者合作，协调、计划、培训、教育、和调查与犯罪受害者有关的问题吗？
通俗英文（宾州选举法要求）
The City’s Home Rule Charter is like the City’s constitution; it sets up the rules for City government.
If you vote “Yes” on this ballot question, it means you want to change the City’s Charter so that it establishes an Office of the Victim Advocate.
If the Office is created, it would be headed by the Victim Advocate, who would be appointed by the Mayor with the advice and consent of City Council. The responsibilities of the Office would include the following
Advocating for victims of crimes, as individuals and as a group
Ensuring that crime victims know their rights
Promoting cooperation among agencies that serve crime victims; and
Providing training and support to agencies that interact with crime victims
本市的自治宪章就像本市的宪法一样，设置本市政府的规则。
如果你对这个投票问题投了 "是"，就意味着你想修改本市的宪章，以便设立受害者权益代表办公室。
如果设立该办公室，将由受害者权益代表领导，他将由市长在市议会的参议和同意下任命。该办公室的职责将包括以下内容：
为犯罪受害者个人或受害者团体代言争取权益。
确保犯罪受害者了解他们的权利。
促进为犯罪受害者服务的机构之间的合作；以及
向与犯罪受害者有关联的机构提供培训和支持。
问题3：警察监督
选民被问及该市是否应该成立一个新的公民警察督察委员会，来取代现有的警察咨询委员会。
原有警察咨询委员会因缺乏足够的权力对警察进行有效监督而受到批评。如果投票通过，市议会将成立公民警察督察委员会，并决定其结构、预算和权力。
选票上的文字全文如下：
Shall The Philadelphia Home Rule Charter be amended to provide for the creation of a Citizens Police Oversight Commission, and to authorize City Council to determine the composition, powers and duties of the Commission?
应该修改费城自治宪章，规定成立一个公民警察督察委员会，并授权市议会决定委员会的组成，权力和职责吗？
通俗英文（宾州选举法要求）
The City’s Home Rule Charter is like the City’s constitution; it sets up the rules for City government. If you vote “Yes” on this ballot question, it means you want to change the Charter so that it creates a Citizens Police Oversight Commission.
The City currently has an oversight body called the Police Advisory Commission, created by the Mayor, which the Mayor could eliminate. With this Charter change, the Citizens Police Oversight Commission would be a permanent part of City government. City Council would determine how members are selected for the Oversight Commission and would establish the Commission’s specific powers, consistent with its mission, which could be substantially broader than the advisory role of the Police Advisory Commission.
The Commission’s mission would be to
Evaluate and work to improve police officer conduct, including by improving investigations of alleged misconduct
Make clearer the officer disciplinary process and the process for submitting and considering citizen complaints of police misconduct
Help hold the Police Department accountable for officers' actions; and
Improve communication between the Police Department and the community
本市的自治宪章就像本市的宪法一样，设置本市政府的规则。如果您在此投票题目上投 "是"，即表示您希望修改宪章，以建立一个公民警察督察委员会。
本市目前有一个由市长设立的监督机构「警察谘询委员会」，市长可以取消该委员会。在修改宪章后，公民警察督察委员会将成为市政府的一个常设机构。市议会将决定如何挑选督察委员会的成员，并将根据其使命确定委员会的具体权力，可能比原有的警察咨询委员会的咨询作用要广泛得多。
评估并努力改善警官的行为，包括改进对不当行为指控的调查。
使警官的惩戒程序以及提交和审议公民对警察不当行为的投诉的程序更加明确。
帮助使警察部门对警官的行为负责；以及
改善警察局与社区之间的沟通。
问题4：城市借款
选民被要求对该市1.34亿美元的借款投赞成或反对票。
这笔资金将用于运输、街道和卫生、市政建筑、公园、娱乐和博物馆以及社区发展等方面的投资。
选票上的文字全文是如下：
Should the City of Philadelphia borrow ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FOUR MILLION DOLLARS ($134,000,000.00) to be spent for and toward capital purposes as follows: Transit; Streets and Sanitation; Municipal Buildings; Parks, Recreation and Museums; and Economic and Community Development?
费城应该借贷134,000,000,000.00美元用于以下资本投入：公交、街道和卫生、市政建筑、公园、娱乐和博物馆、以及经济和社区发展吗？
通俗英文（宾州选举法要求）
This ballot question, if approved by the voters, would authorize the City to borrow $134,000,000 for capital purposes, thereby increasing the City’s indebtedness by $134,000,000. Capital purposes means, generally, to make expenditures that will result in something of value with a useful life to the City of more than five years, for example, acquisitions of real estate, or construction of or improvements to buildings, property or streets.
The money to be borrowed would be used by the City for five identified purposes, namely, Transit; Streets and Sanitation; Municipal Buildings; Parks, Recreation and Museums; and Economic and Community Development, all in specific amounts identified in Bill No. 200298 (approved June 26, 2020). City Council would have authority, by ordinance, to change the intended allocation by moving proceeds from one category to any of the other categories listed.
这一选票上的事项，如果选民批准，将授权该市为资本用途借贷1.34亿美元，从而使该市的负债增加1.34亿美元。资本用途一般指的是，将产生对本市有用期超过五年的有价值的东西的支出，例如，购置房地产，或建造或改善建筑物、资产或街道。
市政府借贷的资金将用于五个确定的用途，即公交；街道和卫生；市政建筑；公园、娱乐和博物馆；经济和社区发展。这些具体金额在第200298号法案（2020年6月26日批准）中确定。市议会将有权通过法令改变原定的拨款，将某一类别的款项转到所列的任何其他类别。
参考资料链接
1. Philadelphia’s 2020 ballot questions, explained. 《费城问询报》 Philadelphia Inquirer, 2020.10.12
本文是费城华人在美东和华人权益促进会（Chinese for Affirmative Action）合作开出的“大选须知”系列专栏文章，本专栏旨在共同为宾州华人社区提供关于2020年大选的准确，理性和深度的信息和新闻，帮助华人社区积极参与大选，提高华裔社区参政的热情和能力，共同促进华裔长期权益。
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