SpringBoot+Dubbo+Nacos 开发实战教程

Java就该这么学 2023-09-18

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大家好，我是Java就该这么学。

本文来写个详细的例子来说下dubbo+nacos+springboot开发实战。本文不会讲述太多的理论的知识，会写一个最简单的例子来说明dubbo如何与nacos整合，快速搭建开发环境。

文章目录

环境准备

dubbo简介
Nacos环境准备
Nacos与dubbo整合

项目管理规范
dubbo整合nacos案例

创建公共接口模块
创建服务提供者模块
创建服务消费者模块
服务调用测试

本文小结

环境准备

dubbo简介

dubbo核心节点之间的调用关系

节点说明

调用关系说明

服务容器负责启动，加载，运行服务提供者。
服务提供者在启动时，向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。
服务消费者在启动时，向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务。
注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者，如果有变更，注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。
服务消费者，从提供者地址列表中，基于软负载均衡算法，选一台提供者进行调用，如果调用失败，再选另一台调用。
服务消费者和提供者，在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间，定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。

Nacos环境准备

启动nacos，本文使用的是nacos1.4.3版本

打开nacos的控制面板

Nacos与dubbo整合

为了方便大家理解，这里写出对应的生产方、消费方 Demo 代码，以及使用的注册中心。

项目管理规范

springboot，netflix和cloud alibaba之间有版本之间的对应关系，本文选择的版本如下

dubbo和cloud alibaba之间有版本之间的对应关系，本文选择的版本如下

为了后续方便使用SpringCloud Alibaba进行开发，首先创建一个pom类型的父项目，主要用于项目技术栈版本管理，创建一个maven项目，名称为spring-cloud-alibaba-example，去除src文件，修改pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-example</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring-cloud.version>
        <com-alibaba-cloud.version>2.2.7.RELEASE</com-alibaba-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <!--对项目版本进行管理-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${com-alibaba-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

后续创建的项目都放到此目录下，只需要声明groupId和artifactId，会自动引用父项目spring-cloud-alibaba-example的版本。与其说是父项目，不如说是根项目: 因为下面每学习一个新的技术，就会新建一个真正的父项目，而在对应的父项目下面又会创建许多的子项目

dubbo整合nacos案例

本文的案例是在上文nacos开发实例的基础之上继续编写的。下面开始创建我们的项目，贴上我的目录结构。另外，搜索公众号编程技术圈后台回复“大礼包”，获取一份惊喜礼包。

模块说明

public-api公共接口模块（接口），供服务消费者和服务提供者调用。
dubbo-provider服务提供者模块（接口实现类），引入了public-api模块
dubbo-consumer服务消费者模块（controller），引入了public-api模块
消费者和提供者通过公共接口模块进行rpc远程调用

父工程pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-example</artifactId>
        <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <modules>
        <module>public-api</module>
        <module>dubbo-provider</module>
        <module>dubbo-consumer</module>
    </modules>

    <artifactId>dubbo-nacos-example</artifactId>
    <name>dubbo-nacos-example</name>
    <description>duboo与nacos整合的父工程</description>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <dubbo.version>2.7.13</dubbo.version>
        <nacos.version>1.4.1</nacos.version>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <!--解决nacos-client2.0报错的问题-->
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
                    <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>


        <!--dubbo相关-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-registry-nacos</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
            <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
            <version>${nacos.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 解决dubbo2.7.13jar包冲突问题-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.spring</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.11</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

</project>

创建公共接口模块

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo-nacos-example</artifactId>
        <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>public-api</artifactId>
    <name>public-api</name>
    <description>api公用接口</description>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

公共接口模块里面只有一个接口，没有配置文件，打jar包

package ah.wideth.api;

/**
 * 让生产者和服务消
 * 费者来使用这个接口
 */
public interface InfoService {

    String getInfo();
}

创建服务提供者模块

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pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo-nacos-example</artifactId>
        <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>dubbo-provider</artifactId>
    <name>dubbo-provider</name>
    <description>dubbo的服务提供者模块</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--引入公共接口模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
            <artifactId>public-api</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 8180

spring:
  application:
    name: dubbo-provider

dubbo:
  registry:
    address: nacos://127.0.0.1:8848 #注册地址
  application:
    name: dubbo-provider #应用名
  protocol:
    name: dubbo #dubbo协议
    port: 20880 #协议端口
  scan:
    base-packages: ah.wideth.impl #扫包范围
  provider:
    timeout: 30000 #超时时间

接口实现类，该类实现了上面我们在公共接口模块创建的接口

package ah.wideth.impl;

import ah.wideth.api.InfoService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


// dubbo提供的Service注解，用于声明对外暴露服务
// Service引入的是org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service包
@Component
@DubboService
public class InfoServiceImpl implements InfoService {

    @Override
    public String getInfo() {

        return "hello，这里是dubbo-provider模块！";
    }
}

服务提供者启动类

package ah.wideth;

import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;


@EnableDubbo
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class DubboProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(DubboProviderApplication.class, args);
        System.out.println("dubbo服务提供者8180启动了");
    }

}

创建服务消费者模块

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo-nacos-example</artifactId>
        <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>dubbo-consumer</artifactId>
    <name>dubbo-consumer</name>
    <description>dubbo的服务消费者模块</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--引入公共接口模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
            <artifactId>public-api</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

    </build>
</project>

application.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 8181

spring:
  application:
    name: dubbo-consumer

dubbo:
  registry:
    address: nacos://127.0.0.1:8848 #注册地址
  application:
    name: dubbo-consumer #应用名
  consumer:
    timeout: 30000 #超时时间

controller，调用公共接口模块创建的接口

package ah.wideth.controller;

import ah.wideth.api.InfoService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboReference;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class InfoController {

    //dumbo提供的Reference注解，用于调用远程服务
    @DubboReference(check = false)
    private InfoService infoService;

    @GetMapping("/getInfo")
    public String getInfo(){

        return infoService.getInfo();
    }
}

服务消费者启动类

package ah.wideth;

import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;


@EnableDubbo
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class DubboConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(DubboConsumerApplication.class, args);
        System.out.println("dubbo服务消费者8181启动了");
    }

}