孔院微课堂 | 清明时节，中国人除了祭祖扫墓还会……

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清明节也叫踏青节、祭祖节，一般是在公历四月五日左右，是中国的四大传统节日之一。清明时节，大地回春，万物复苏，人们会到先人的坟墓上扫墓、祭祖，也会外出踏青、郊游，以亲近自然，迎接春天。其中最受青睐的活动包括赏花、品茗、放风筝等。

Qingming Festival, also known as the taqingjie (Spring Outing Festival) and the jizujie (Ancestor Worship Festival), generally falls around the fifth day of April in the Gregorian calendar and it is one of the four most important traditional festivals in China. Around the Qingming season, as the earth is rejuvenated and all things are revived, people will visit the graves of their ancestors to pay respect and go on outings to get close to nature, welcoming spring. Among the most popular activities, the favorites are flower viewing, tea tasting, and kite flying.

赏

花

 Flower Viewing

四月，春暖花开，百花争艳。“赏花”成为了人们外出踏青必不可少的环节。

In April, various flowers come into bloom as the weather turns steadily warmer. “Flower viewing” has thus become an indispensable part of outings.

桃花（Peach Blossoms）

桃花颜色有淡红、深红、白色等，在中国文化中象征爱情。“桃花运”就是指爱情方面的运气。《诗经》里“桃之夭夭，灼灼其华”，描述的是新娘美丽的面容。诗句“人面桃花相映红”，描写了意中人与桃花相互映衬的美丽景象。

Peach blossoms come in light red, crimson, white, etc., and symbolize love in Chinese culture. For instance, taohuayun (peach blossom luck) is used to refer to luck in love. In the Book of Songs, the pair of verses “The peach tree beams so red, How brilliant are its flowers!” （translated by Xu Yuanchong）describes the rosy cheeks of the bride. Similarly, the verse “a comely face and peach blooms together did glow” （translated by Xu Yuanchong）describes the beauty of one’s love reinforced by the peach blossoms.

油菜花（Rapeseed Flowers）

油菜花颜色金黄，散发出淡淡的香味。在中国，比较著名的油菜花观赏地有江西婺源、湖北荆门、青海门源、云南罗平、贵州贵定、陕西汉中等。除观赏外，油菜还可用于榨油，是中国传统的油料作物之一。

Rapeseed flowers are golden in color and give off a faint fragrance. In China, the famous rapeseed flower attractions include Jiangxi Wuyuan, Hubei Jingmen, Qinghai Menyuan, Yunnan Luoping, Guizhou Guiding and Shaanxi Hanzhong. Whilst the flowers present a picturesque view, oil can also be extracted from their seeds. In fact, it has been a traditional culinary oil crop in China.

杜鹃花（Azalea）

中国是世界上杜鹃花种类最多的国家。除新疆和宁夏外，各省市均有分布。杜鹃花呈玫瑰色、鲜红色或暗红色，花开时红染遍山，因此得名“映山红”。贵州省毕节市中部的百里杜鹃风景区拥有绵延不绝的原始杜鹃林，是观赏杜鹃花的绝佳去处。

China is the country with the largest variety of azaleas in the world. Except for Xinjiang and Ningxia, azaleas are found in all provinces and cities of the country. Rosy, bright red or dark red, they tend to carpet entire mountains when they bloom. Hence they are also called yingshanhong (mountain-painting red). The Baili Azalea Nature Reserve in the middle of Bijie City, Guizhou Province, is a great place to view the flowers with its large expanse of primeval azalea forest.

品

茗

Tea Tasting

在中国六大茶类中，最适宜春季饮用的茶是绿茶。绿茶讲究新鲜，以春茶为佳，清明前后正是人们品赏绿茶的好时节。

Among the six major tea categories in China, green tea is most suitable for spring. For green tea, freshness is the most important quality, and leaves collected in spring are preferred. The Qingming Festival is opportune for enjoying green tea.

明前茶（Mingqian Tea）

“明前茶”指江南一带清明节前采制的茶叶，芽叶细嫩，青绿中透出茸茸的黄意，用玻璃杯冲泡最佳。除“明前茶”外，采制于清明后谷雨前的“雨前茶”，也深受人们喜爱。

“Mingqian Tea” refers to tea leaves picked before the Qingming Festival in areas to the south of the Yangtze River. Featuring tender yellowish buds and delicate green leaves, the tea is best brewed in a glass. In addition to “Mingqian Tea”, “Yuqian Tea”, which is picked between Qingming and Grain Rain (beginning of the 6th of the 24 solar terms), is also cherished by connoisseurs.

采茶（Tea Picking）

茶树主要种植在中国南方，分为江北、江南、西南、华南四大茶区。清明时节到茶山观赏茶树、体验采茶、品尝茶水也是许多人清明踏青的选择之一。

Tea plants are mainly grown in southern China, which consists of four major tea-production areas, namely Jiangbei (north of the Yangtze River), Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze River), Southwest and South China. During the Qingming Festival, visits to the tea gardens to watch the tea trees, experience tea picking, and taste tea are also among the favorite choices of many.

放

风

筝

Kite Flying

放风筝是清明郊游最受欢迎的活动之一，也是当代中国备受人们喜爱的体育娱乐活动。

Kite flying is one of the most popular activities in the Qingming Festival and a beloved sport and form of entertainment in contemporary China.

传统工艺风筝

（Traditional Craft Kites）

中国传统工艺风筝一般以竹条为骨架，以纸、绢、绸等为面料，经过扎制、裱糊、彩绘等工序，由手艺人制作而成。千百年来，由于地域文化、制作工艺、放飞技艺的不同，形成了北京、天津、南通、拉萨等多种流派风筝。

Traditional Chinese craft kites generally consist of a skeleton made of bamboo strips and a fabric made of paper, silk or satin. Hand-made by craftsmen through the process of tying, mounting, painting and others, kites have evolved over thousands of years into various schools in line with regional culture, production technology, and flying skills. The types of Chinese traditional craft kites include the Beijing Kite, Tianjin Kite, Nantong Kite and the Lhasa Kite.

北京沙燕风筝

Swallow Kite of Beijing

天津“天津魏”风筝

“Tianjingwei” Kite of Tianjin

南通板鹞风筝

Banyao Kite of Nantong

现当代风筝

（Modern and Contemporary Kites）

现当代，人们在继承传统技艺的基础上革新创造，在材质上多使用尼龙布和碳素钢管，在造型上也更加丰富多彩。

In modern times, people have innovated in kite making while inheriting traditional skills, and have used nylon cloth and carbon steel pipes for materials, creating a richer variety of kites.

赏花、品茗、放风筝……今年清明，你想去哪儿踏青郊游？

Flower viewing, tea tasting, kite flying... Which do you fancy for the Qingming Festival this year? 

参考文献：

[1]王福州.清明节的文化渊源与时代价值[J].中国新闻发布(实务版), 2022,No.004(04):73-75.

[2]成都市植物园. 四季花木观赏指南-（杜鹃）[EB/OL].[2023-03-20]. https://www.cdszwy.com/show-116-170-1.html

[3]张依君. 中国传统风筝的流派与流变[J]. 大众文艺：学术版, 2010(22):2.

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内容编辑：吴晓静 刘希 姚媛媛

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