视点丨胡天龙：否认中国市场经济地位既不理智，也不明智（中英文）

中国迎来了加入WTO的第十五周年。IMI研究员、中国人民大学法学院副教授胡天龙在China daily发表文章指出，按照入世协议，中国应当在这一天获得完全市场经济地位，然而美国、欧盟、日本等世界主要市场经济体均表示继续不承认中国为市场经济国家。这一做法不仅对渐弱的国际贸易产生消极影响，而且会对世界范围内反全球化的趋势推波助澜。作者最后提出警告：否定中国的市场经济，重提贸易保护主义，是不明智的行为。

以下为英文全文：

China welcomed the 15th anniversary of its entry into the World Trade Organization on Dec 11. In accordance with Article 15 of the accession protocol signed in 2001, the surrogate country approach for calculating so-called dumping tariffs expired on Dec 11, 2016.

China should have received market economy status to better protect its companies and workers from the harm of anti-dumping regulations in other markets, such as the United States and the European Union.

But those major economies, joined by Japan, have failed to abide by the rules. This will not only have a negative impact on global trade but will also worsen the global financial situation and the anti-globalization trends in some parts of the world.

After joining the WTO, China has been improving its market system and level of marketization. It has also contributed a lot to the sustainable growth of the global economy. At present, it is working on further perfecting its market economy system and to shoulder more responsibility for global economic development. So it is unwise and unreasonable for the above-mentioned economies to continue to employ the tool of the surrogate approach for setting tariffs, which is based on conditions in third countries.

One one hand, China has always actively participated and integrated with the world trade system, and has consistently improved its market system and marketization level during exchanges with other economies. Through many global and regional cooperation mechanisms, such as APEC, G20 and AIIB, China has advocated win-win and inclusive development concepts, and it is shouldering more responsibility in the world.

On the other hand, China has always worked on building a market economy system to higher standards to provide a more diversified development path for world economic development. Through new economic concepts such as the Belt and Road Initiative, China has been working to push globalization.

It is important to clarify that there is no perfect market system in any country or region. The so-called "full market economy country" is also a concept with blurry standards. But whether in state-owned companies' reform or in building and improving multilayered capital market, China has always been open and responsive to its imperfections and keeps making progress - which I think is the essence of a market economy.

Undoubtedly, as an important player in the global market economy, China has proved that it is worthy of market economy status. And it has been patient, as it has waited for what was written in Article 15 to be carried out properly. It concerns not only China's development, but also the world's prosperity.

For other members of the WTO, respecting Article 15 and giving up the surrogate approach is not only their legal duty but also a reasonable judgment and a smart choice. For the European Union, which is now facing crises such as Brexit and other problems, it would be unwise of them to adopt protectionism.

以下为中文全文：

12月11日，中国迎来了加入WTO的第十五周年。按照十五年前《中国加入议定书》的约定，中国应当在这一天获得“完全市场经济地位”，从以美国、欧盟市场为代表的反倾销泥潭中脱身，使本国企业和工人免遭反倾销行为之损害。美国、欧盟、日本等世界主要市场经济体均表示继续不承认中国为“市场经济国家”。这一做法不仅对渐弱的国际贸易产生消极影响，而且会对国际金融危机及欧洲难民危机后世界范围内“反全球化”的趋势推波助澜。

中国在“入世”后15年间，在中国特色社会主义市场经济的指导下，其自身市场机制不断完善、市场化水平不断提升，也为全球经济的持续发展尤其是国际金融危机以来全球经济的稳定做出了巨大贡献。在“入世”15周年这个值得纪念的日子，在中国谋求市场经济体制进一步完善、在全球经济发展过程中愈发担负起责任与重担的历史关头，上述发达经济体以这样一种方式否定中国的市场经济，无疑既不理智，也不明智。

一方面，中国自入世以来，始终以一种积极的态度融入到既有世界贸易体系之中，在与其他成员国或经济体的交流与碰撞、合作与竞争中不断完善自身市场机制、提升自身市场化水平。通过APEC峰会、G20峰会、亚投行等全球性或区域性合作机制尊重差异、凝聚共识，积极倡导多赢并举的包容性发展理念，逐步在世界经贸领域建立起负责任的大国形象。

另一方面，中国始终在探索建立更高标准的市场经济体系，力求为世界市场经济的发展提供多样化视角、探索多元化路径。通过“一带一路“等全新的经济合作理念、创新的经济合作模式着力推动经济全球化。需要明确的是，没有一个国家或经济体的市场经济体制是完善的，所谓”完全市场经济国家“仅仅是一个标准模糊的相对概念。但是不论是国企改革的深入与深化还是多层次资本市场的建立与健全，中国始终在以一种开放的态度回应此种”不完善“，而这正是市场经济的要义所在。

毋庸置疑，作为全球市场经济之重要参与者与推动者的中国，其市场经济国家的地位在事实上已不证自明，同时中国始终以极大的耐心，期待入世协定第15条赋予其以纸面化、宣示性的意义。这不仅关乎中国经济的发展，更关乎世界经济的繁荣。对于WTO其他成员国与经济体而言，承认中国的市场经济地位不仅是其国际法意义上的义务，也是其道义上的义务，不仅是一个理智的判断，更是一个明智的选择。尤其对于欧盟而言，在英国脱欧、他国竞相仿效的“分危急局面“下，重提贸易保护主义，否认中国的市场经济地位无疑是自掘坟墓。

编辑  魏宗 肖子琛

来源  China Daily

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