双语 | 《2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》发布【附中英全文下载】

译·世界 2022-12-22

2月28日，国家统计局发布《2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》。面对复杂国际环境、疫情和极端天气等多重挑战，国民经济持续恢复，发展水平再上新台阶。一个个新突破，见证着中国经济社会的变化。

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中华人民共和国2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报

国家统计局

2022年2月28日

Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2021 National Economic and Social Development

National Bureau of Statistics of China

February 28, 2022

2021年是党和国家历史上具有里程碑意义的一年。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，弘扬伟大建党精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，全面深化改革开放，坚持创新驱动发展，推动高质量发展。我们隆重庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程，沉着应对百年变局和世纪疫情，构建新发展格局迈出新步伐，高质量发展取得新成效，实现了“十四五”良好开局。我国经济发展和疫情防控保持全球领先地位，国家战略科技力量加快壮大，产业链韧性得到提升，改革开放向纵深推进，民生保障有力有效，生态文明建设持续推进。这些成绩的取得，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民勠力同心、艰苦奋斗的结果。

The year 2021 is a year of milestone significance in the history of the Communist Party of China and the People’s Republic of China. Under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, all regions and departments took Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guideline, fully implemented the spirits of the 19th CPC National Congress and the Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC and fostered the great founding spirit of the CPC. All regions and departments followed the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, committed to the general working guideline of making progress while maintaining stability, fully and faithfully implemented the new development philosophy on all fronts, accelerated fostering a new development pattern, comprehensively deepened the reform and opening up, insisted on innovation-driven development, and promoted the high-quality development. We celebrated the centenary of the founding of the CPC, fulfilled the First Centenary Goal, and embarked on the new journey to achieve the Second Centenary Goal. While responding with composure to changes and the pandemic both unseen in a century, we have made new advances in fostering a new development pattern and pursuing high-quality development, and got off to a good start in implementing the 14th Five-Year Plan. China has maintained the leading position in the economic growth and the epidemic prevention and control in the world. National strategic capacity in science and technology accelerated its growth, industrial chain resilience was improved, reform and opening-up was advanced in depth, people’s livelihood was strongly and effectively safeguarded, and ecological conservation was carried forward. These are the results of the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the CPC with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core and the results of concerted efforts and hard work by the Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups.

一、综合

I. General Outlook

初步核算，全年国内生产总值[2]1143670亿元，比上年增长8.1%，两年平均增长[3]5.1%。其中，第一产业增加值83086亿元，比上年增长7.1%；第二产业增加值450904亿元，增长8.2%；第三产业增加值609680亿元，增长8.2%。第一产业增加值占国内生产总值比重为7.3%，第二产业增加值比重为39.4%，第三产业增加值比重为53.3%。全年最终消费支出拉动国内生产总值增长5.3个百分点，资本形成总额拉动国内生产总值增长1.1个百分点，货物和服务净出口拉动国内生产总值增长1.7个百分点。全年人均国内生产总值80976元，比上年增长8.0%。国民总收入[4]1133518亿元，比上年增长7.9%。全员劳动生产率[5]为146380元/人，比上年提高8.7%。

According to preliminary estimation, the gross domestic product (GDP) [2] in 2021 was 114,367.0 billion yuan, up by 8.1 percent over the previous year with the average two-year growth [3] of 5.1 percent. Of this total, the value added of the primary industry was 8,308.6 billion yuan, up by 7.1 percent over the previous year, that of the secondary industry was 45,090.4 billion yuan, up by 8.2 percent and that of the tertiary industry was 60,968.0 billion yuan, up by 8.2 percent. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 7.3 percent of the GDP; that of the secondary industry accounted for 39.4 percent; and that of the tertiary industry accounted for 53.3 percent. The contribution of the final consumption expenditure to GDP growth rate was up by 5.3 percentage points, that of the gross capital formation to GDP growth rate up by 1.1 percentage points and that of the net exports of goods and services to GDP growth rate up by 1.7 percentage points. The per capita GDP in 2021 was 80,976 yuan, up by 8.0 percent over the previous year. The gross national income [4] in 2021 was 113,351.8 billion yuan, up by 7.9 percent over the previous year. The overall labor productivity [5] was 146,380 yuan per person in 2021, up by 8.7 percent over the previous year.

Figure 1: Gross Domestic Product and Growth Rates 2017-2021

Figure 2: Shares of the Three Industries’ Value Added of GDP 2017-2021

Figure 3: The Overall Labor Productivity 2017-2021[6]

年末全国人口[7]141260万人，比上年末增加48万人，其中城镇常住人口91425万人。全年出生人口1062万人，出生率为7.52‰；死亡人口1014万人，死亡率为7.18‰；自然增长率为0.34‰。全国人户分离的人口[8]5.04亿人，其中流动人口[9]3.85亿人。

By the end of 2021, the total number of national population [7] reached 1,412.60 million, an increase of 0.48 million over that at the end of 2020. Of this total, urban permanent residents numbered 914.25 million. There were 10.62 million births in 2021 with a crude birth rate of 7.52 per thousand; and there were 10.14 million deaths with a crude death rate of 7.18 per thousand. The natural growth rate was 0.34 per thousand. The number of population who live in places other than their household registration areas [8] reached 504 million, of which 385 million were floating population [9].

表1　2021年年末人口数及其构成

指标	年末数（万人）	比重（%）
全国人口	141260	100.0
其中：城镇	91425	64.7
乡村	49835	35.3
其中：男性	72311	51.2
女性	68949	48.8
其中：0-15岁（含不满16周岁）^[10]	26302	18.6
16-59岁（含不满60周岁）	88222	62.5
60周岁及以上	26736	18.9
其中：65周岁及以上	20056	14.2

Table 1: Population and Its Composition by the End of 2021

Item	Population at Year-end （10,000 persons）	Proportion (%)

National Total	141260	100.0
Of which: Urban	91425	64.7
Rural	49835	35.3
Of which: Male	72311	51.2
Female	68949	48.8
Of which: Aged 0-15 (under the age of 16)[10]	26302	18.6
Aged 16-59 (under the age of 60)	88222	62.5
Aged 60 and above	26736	18.9
Of which: Aged 65 and above	20056	14.2

年末全国就业人员74652万人，其中城镇就业人员46773万人，占全国就业人员比重为62.7%，比上年末上升1.1个百分点。全年城镇新增就业1269万人，比上年多增83万人。全年全国城镇调查失业率平均值为5.1%。年末全国城镇调查失业率为5.1%，城镇登记失业率为3.96%。全国农民工[11]总量29251万人，比上年增长2.4%。其中，外出农民工17172万人，增长1.3%；本地农民工12079万人，增长4.1%。

At the end of 2021, the number of employed people in China was 746.52 million, and that in urban areas was 467.73 million, accounting for 62.7 percent for the total employed people, 1.1 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year. The newly increased employed people in urban areas numbered 12.69 million in 2021, 0.83 million more than the previous year. The surveyed urban unemployment rate in 2021 averaged 5.1 percent. The surveyed urban unemployment rate at the year end was 5.1 percent, and the registered urban unemployment rate was 3.96 percent. The total number of migrant workers [11] was 292.51 million, up by 2.4 percent over that of 2020. Specifically, the number of migrant workers who left their hometowns and worked in other places was 171.72 million, up by 1.3 percent, and those who worked in their own localities reached 120.79 million, up by 4.1 percent.

Figure 4：Newly Increased Employed People in Urban Areas 2017-2021

全年居民消费价格比上年上涨0.9%。工业生产者出厂价格上涨8.1%。工业生产者购进价格上涨11.0%。农产品生产者价格[12]下降2.2%。12月份，70个大中城市中，新建商品住宅销售价格同比上涨的城市个数为53个，下降的为17个；二手住宅销售价格同比上涨的城市个数为43个，持平的为1个，下降的为26个。

The consumer prices in 2021 went up by 0.9 percent over the previous year. The producer prices for industrial products went up by 8.1 percent and the purchasing prices for industrial producers up by 11.0 percent. The producer prices for farm products [12] dropped by 2.2 percent. In December, out of the 70 large and medium-sized cities, 53 cities experienced a year-on-year rise in sales prices of new commercial residential buildings and 17 cities experienced a decline; 43 cities experienced a year-on-year rise in sales prices of second-hand housing, one city maintained the same, and 26 cities experienced a decline.

Figure 5：Monthly Changes of

表2　2021年居民消费价格比上年涨跌幅度

单位：%
指标	全国
城市	农村
居民消费价格	0.9	1.0	0.7
其中：食品烟酒	-0.3	0.0	-1.2
衣　着	0.3	0.3	0.0
居　住^[13]	0.8	0.8	1.1
生活用品及服务	0.4	0.4	0.4
交通通信	4.1	4.2	3.9
教育文化娱乐	1.9	2.0	1.7
医疗保健	0.4	0.3	0.7
其他用品及服务	-1.3	-1.4	-1.2

Table 2: Changes of Consumer Prices in 2021

Unit: %

Item	National
Urban	Rural

General level of consumer prices	0.9	1.0	0.7
Of which: Food, tobacco and liquor	-0.3	0.0	-1.2
Clothing	0.3	0.3	0.0
Residence[13]	0.8	0.8	1.1
Household facilities, articles and services	0.4	0.4	0.4
Transportation and telecommunication	4.1	4.2	3.9
Education, culture and recreation	1.9	2.0	1.7
Health care and medical services	0.4	0.3	0.7
Miscellaneous goods and services	-1.3	-1.4	-1.2

年末国家外汇储备32502亿美元，比上年末增加336亿美元。全年人民币平均汇率为1美元兑6.4515元人民币，比上年升值6.9%。

At the end of 2021, China’s foreign exchange reserves reached 3,250.2 billion US dollars, an increase of 33.6 billion US dollars compared with that at the end of 2020. The average exchange rate of the year was 6.4515 RMB to 1 USD dollar, appreciated by 6.9 percent over that of 2020.

Figure 6：Year-end China's Foreign Exchange Reserves 2017-2021

新产业新业态新模式加速成长。全年规模以上工业中，高技术制造业[14]增加值比上年增长18.2%，占规模以上工业增加值的比重为15.1%；装备制造业[15]增加值增长12.9%，占规模以上工业增加值的比重为32.4%。全年规模以上服务业[16]中，战略性新兴服务业[17]企业营业收入比上年增长16.0%。全年高技术产业投资[18]比上年增长17.1%。全年新能源汽车产量367.7万辆，比上年增长152.5%；集成电路产量3594.3亿块，增长37.5%。全年网上零售额[19]130884亿元，按可比口径计算，比上年增长14.1%。全年新登记市场主体2887万户，日均新登记企业2.5万户，年末市场主体总数达1.5亿户。

New industries, new forms and models of business gathered speed to grow. Among the industries above the designated size, the value added of the high technology manufacturing industry [14] increased by 18.2 percent over the previous year, accounting for 15.1 percent of that of all industrial enterprises above the designated size. The value added for the manufacture of equipment [15] was up by 12.9 percent, accounting for 32.4 percent of that of all industrial enterprises above the designated size. Among the service enterprises above the designated size [16], the business revenue of the strategic emerging service industries [17] went up by 16.0 percent compared with the previous year. In 2021, the investment in high technology industries [18] increased by 17.1 percent over the previous year. In 2021, the output of new energy vehicles reached 3.677 million, up by 152.5 percent compared with the previous year; and that of integrated circuits was 359.43 billion, up by 37.5 percent. In 2021, the online retail sales [19] reached 13,088.4 billion yuan, up by 14.1 percent over the previous year on comparable basis. In 2021, the number of newly registered market entities was 28.87 million with 25 thousand market entities newly registered per day on average. By the end of 2021, the market entities totaled 0.15 billion.

城乡区域协调发展扎实推进。年末全国常住人口城镇化率为64.72%，比上年末提高0.83个百分点。分区域看[20]，全年东部地区生产总值592202亿元，比上年增长8.1%；中部地区生产总值250132亿元，增长8.7%；西部地区生产总值239710亿元，增长7.4%；东北地区生产总值55699亿元，增长6.1%。全年京津冀地区生产总值96356亿元，比上年增长7.3%；长江经济带地区生产总值530228亿元，增长8.7%；长江三角洲地区生产总值276054亿元，增长8.4%。粤港澳大湾区建设、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展等区域重大战略深入实施。

Solid progress was made in the coordinated development across urban and rural areas and different regions. By the end of 2021, the urbanization rate of permanent residents reached 64.72 percent, 0.83 percentage points higher than the end of 2020. By region [20], in 2021, the gross domestic product in the eastern areas was 59,220.2 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1 percent over the previous year; the central areas, 25,013.2 billion yuan, up by 8.7 percent; the western areas, 23,971.0 billion yuan, up by 7.4 percent; and the northeastern areas, 5,569.9 billion yuan, up by 6.1 percent. In 2021, the gross domestic product in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region reached 9,635.6 billion yuan, up by 7.3 percent over the previous year; that in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, 53,022.8 billion yuan, up by 8.7 percent; and that in the Yangtze River Delta, 27,605.4 billion yuan, up by 8.4 percent. Major regional strategies such as the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Areas, the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin, and the high-quality development were further implemented.

Figure 7：Year-end Urbanization Rates of Permanent Residents 2017-2021[21]

生态环境保护取得新成效。全年全国万元国内生产总值能耗[22]比上年下降2.7%。在监测的339个地级及以上城市中，全年空气质量达标的城市占64.3%，未达标的城市占35.7%；细颗粒物（PM2.5）年平均浓度30微克/立方米，比上年下降9.1%。3641个国家地表水考核断面中，全年水质优良（Ⅰ～Ⅲ类）断面比例为84.9%，Ⅳ类断面比例为11.8%，Ⅴ类断面比例为2.2%，劣Ⅴ类断面比例为1.2%。

New achievement was made in ecological environmental protection. The national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan worth of GDP [22] in 2021 dropped by 2.7 percent over the previous year. Of the monitored 339 cities at prefecture level and above, 64.3 percent reached the air quality standard and 35.7 percent failed. The annual average concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5) was 30 micrograms per cubic meter, down by 9.1 percent over the previous year. Of the 3,641 sections under the national monitoring program for surface water, 84.9 percent were fairly clean water quality (Grade I to III), 11.8 percent were Grade IV, 2.2 percent were Grade V and 1.2 percent was worse than Grade V national standard.

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