世界粮食日——“饥饿不应该成为人类互相对抗的筹码”

每年的10月16日是联合国粮农组织设立的世界粮食日。今年粮食日的关注焦点是：“齐成长、同繁荣、共持续”。2020年，新冠疫情让我们对人类最该珍惜的东西、最为基本的需求进行思考。

什么才是生命中最重要的事物？

在这段充满不确定性的时期，我们开始珍惜平时熟视无睹的事物，以及许多地区的人民求之不得的——粮食。

10月9日，世界粮食计划署被授予诺贝尔和平奖，以表彰他们在一场致命的疫情中，在冲突地区与饥饿问题进行的不懈斗争。

CGTN记者专访联合国世界粮食计划署副执行主任阿米尔·马哈茂德·阿卜杜拉，倾听他对于人类命运共同体的看法。

挪威诺贝尔委员会公布2020年度诺贝尔和平奖的获得者为联合国世界粮食计划署。

“饥饿不应该成为人类互相对抗的筹码”。

挪威诺贝尔委员会高度赞扬了联合国世界粮食计划署为解决饥饿问题做出的贡献。

阿卜杜拉称饥饿是“世界上最大的可以解决的问题”，诺贝尔和平奖提高了世界粮食计划署的知名度，并让全世界人民关注饥饿与冲突，以及疫情时期粮食分配的问题。

“我们是一个非盈利组织，我们的存在不仅仅为了筹集更多资源，更重要的是，饥饿引起的冲突或贫困地区人民缺乏赚钱能力的问题，这些都是可以解决的。”阿卜杜拉希望达到“世界更接近零饥饿的状态。”

The World Food Programme (WFP) was born out of an experiment in 1961. But in a world ravaged by man-made and natural disasters, the UN food body soon became synonymous with survival for millions facing hunger and starvation. On October 9, the WFP's 17,000 employees were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for fighting a relentless war against hunger in conflict zones in the midst of a deadly pandemic. Speaking exclusively to CGTN Digital, the WFP's deputy executive director Amir Mahmoud Abdulla described the recognition as a "great honor" and "quite humbling."

The Norwegian Nobel Committee lauded the WFP for its efforts in "preventing the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict."

Calling hunger "the world's biggest solvable problem," Abdulla said the award raises the organization's profile and draws the world's attention toward the link between hunger and conflict, and hunger and COVID-19. 

"It's not just about being able to raise more resources – for us that's hugely important because we are a voluntarily funded organization – but what's important is that there's an attention of the world on this issue of hunger – hunger caused by conflict or people's lack of earning power. Both of those problems are solvable," he said, hoping that the acknowledgment will "move the world closer to a world of zero hunger."

但在2020年，新冠疫情肆虐的环境下，这个目标听起来有点理想化。2019年，世界粮食计划署在88个国家援助了9700多万人，这是自2012年以来援助人数最多的一次。

根据世界粮食计划署的预测，全世界饥饿人口数量可能会从2019年的1.35亿人增长到2020年底的2.65亿人。4月发表的《全球粮食危机报告》指出，面临长期食物污染的人口达到惊人的8.21亿。

在供应链断裂、人口流动受限、捐助国政府和金融机构资金缩水的情况下，为贫困地区人口提供食物的任务变得更加艰巨。

世界粮食计划署是世界上解决饥饿和食物污染问题的最大人道主义组织之一，它需要筹集68亿美元，以避免人类受到冠状病毒的进一步影响。到目前为止，该署仅筹得16亿美元。

But the goal sounds more like a dream in pandemic-wracked 2020. In 2019, the WFP assisted more than 97 million people – the largest number since 2012 – in 88 countries. 

According to a WFP projection, the number of hungry people could double from 135 million in 2019 to 265 million by the end of 2020. The Global Report on Food Crisis published in April puts the figure for people facing chronic food insecurity at an astonishing 821 million.

With fractured supply chains, restrictions on movement, and shrinking coffers of donor governments and financial institutions, the task of putting food in the plates of those who need it the most has become even more daunting.

"First of all, the impact on supply lines. When you had certain restrictions being put in place. Second, the ability of people to move. Our field and humanitarian workers are moving all over the world, and we are moving them around. So that created an issue. And those who we serve suddenly found themselves more stressed than usual because of the economic impact. Also, many casual workers found themselves out of work. We found that the numbers of people who needed assistance were increasing. All of these issues compounded as the WFP is a totally 100-percent voluntarily funded organization," Abdulla said.

The WFP, one of world's largest humanitarian organizations tackling hunger and food insecurity, needs to raise $6.8 billion to avert the impacts of the coronavirus crisis. So far, the Nobel laureate body has only managed to bag $1.6 billion.

阿卜杜拉强调粮食安全、和平与稳定是紧密相连的。他指出，在目前的13个粮食危机中，有10个是由地区冲突造成的。

“解决粮食危机需要长期的计划，解决方案包括帮助那些失去了生计的自耕农尽快复苏，然后制定长期创收计划。这是一个多方面的计划，需要的不仅仅是世界粮食计划署。也需要我们众志成城。”他说。

Emphasizing that food security, peace and stability go hand in hand, Abdulla pointed out that 10 out of 13 food crises today are caused by conflict. 

"Longer-term developmental solutions are required. Solutions that would include helping smallholder farmers with their own agriculture, if there are people have lost their livelihood, then putting income generation or sort of livelihood schemes. So, it's a multi-faceted approach that requires more than just the World Food Programme. That's the one thing about the work we do, we need to that in partnership with many," he said.

谈到也门的粮食危机，阿卜杜拉敦促交战各方允许人道主义工作人员畅通无阻地进入灾区。

他说：“我们看到，在也门的某些地区，我们无法提供食物，因为我们无法获得所需的条件，更无法确保食物是否安全送到饥饿的难民手中。唯一的解决办法，就是永不言弃，持续谈判。”

10月16日是世界粮食日，旨在解决全球饥饿与营养不良的问题。根据世界粮食计划署披露，饥饿并不总是因为缺乏食物。

“气候变化是我们必须认真对待的问题。还有食物浪费等问题，我们得承认，食物浪费经常发生在发达国家，如果我们能在发达国家控制这些浪费，以及避免发展中国家在粮食收割及储藏环节造成的损失，这将是解决饥饿问题的一条有效途径。”

今年，107个组织和215名候选人被提名诺贝尔和平奖，其中包括世界卫生组织和17岁即成名的瑞典气候环保人士格蕾塔·桑伯格。

最后诺贝尔和平奖花落世界粮食计划署。

阿卜杜拉说，“我们从没忘记我们真正想做的是什么，直到现在，这仍然是一个在进行的项目，只要世界需要我们，我们的员工就会去帮助他们。”阿卜杜拉总结道。

Talking about the food crisis in Yemen, Abdulla urged warring parties to allow unhindered access for humanitarian workers to get to the places they need to. 

"We have seen in certain parts of Yemen our inability to supply because we are unable to get the conditions that we need to be able to monitor and be absolutely sure that the right people were getting the food, or we just had no access at all. Neither our goods nor our people have been able get through. So, the only solution is constant dialogue. We never give up and we always continue to negotiate," he said.

October 16 marks World Food Day, which is dedicated to addressing the problem of global hunger and malnutrition. According to the WFP, hunger isn't always a lack of food. 

"Climate change is something that we need to get to grips with for sure. There's also the aspect of food waste and food lost. What's really important to recognize is that there's food waste is often in developed countries and there's food loss is many countries where we serve. And that loss is when it's lost in fields before harvesting or lost in storage before harvesting," said Abdulla, adding "if we could manage the waste in developed countries and avoid the loss in developing countries, that combined food almost on its own would solve hunger."

This year 107 organizations and 215 individuals were nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, including the World Health Organization and 17-year-old celebrity climate activist Greta Thunberg. 

But a "workable scheme" that began 59 years ago grabbed the Nobel glory.

"We have never lost sight of what we would really like to do and that is to go back to being an experiment that could actually say: 'The experiment is over, world hunger is solved. We don't need WFP.' If we get to that, then we can say it was a successful experiment. Now it remains a project in course, and as long as we are needed our staff will be out doing what they are needed to do," Abdulla concluded. 

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