女航天员上太空，你想知道的都在这里
10月16日，神舟十三号载人飞船成功发射。接下来，由翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富组成的“太空出差三人组”将在中国空间站生活6个月，并开展一系列科学实验和在轨任务。
其中，最引人关注的，无疑是首位入驻中国空间站的女航天员王亚平。此前她曾担任过神舟十号的航天员，并成功进行中国首次太空授课。
时隔八年，这位巾帼英雄再度“飞天”——她将在本次飞行任务中开展舱外活动，完成中国女性首次“太空行走”的壮举。与此同时，这位“太空老师”还将带来第二次太空授课。
Wang Yaping has become the first female taikonaut to work on China Space Station and the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk.
Wang Yaping was China's second female astronaut. As a member of the Shenzhou 10 spaceship crew in June 2013, she conducted scientific experiments and delivered a live physics lecture to schoolchildren from orbit during the mission.
During the next six months, Wang and her teammates will carry out scientific experiments and spacewalks. In addition, Wang will give a second lecture from the space station, encouraging young people to pursue their space dreams.
女航天员的优势在哪里？
随着女航天员首次入驻中国空间站，如何在太空这样的特殊环境下保障女航天员工作和生活的便利成为热门话题。
实际上，女性航天员执行航天任务具备独特的优势。女航天员整体上身形较小、体重更轻，在进行太空实验和一些细致操作上更加灵活。加上女航天员适应能力强、心理素质稳定、思考问题方式更加细致，不仅能给乘组带来活力，使配合更顺畅，还能提高工作效率，对在太空狭小环境中进行长期团队合作非常有利。
此外，大量实践和理论研究发现，在微重力环境下，女航天员的雌激素水平和镁的代谢优于男航天员，体内铁含量低，所以被认为比较适合长期太空生活，不容易出现铁中毒、血栓、血管痉挛、心律紊乱等病状。
男、女航天员受到的训练一样吗?
实际上，由于载人航天任务艰巨，除了环境比较特殊，有一定风险，还需要掌握复杂技能，所以对航天员的身体条件和心理素质提出了很高的要求，男女航天员的选拔与训练标准基本一样。
过去两年来，王亚平全力备战空间站任务，参加了超过6000小时的高强度训练，不仅要学习相关空间站知识，还要有针对性地进行太空出舱以及舱外服使用的训练。除了俯卧撑、举杠铃等常规项目增强上肢力量外，王亚平常常需要身穿一套百公斤重的装备入水，进行长达7小时的不间断训练，以模拟失重环境下的舱外活动。
为保证更好地完成任务，她常常主动加练，增加训练强度，挑战自我极限。
Over the past two years, Wang has logged in over 6,000 hours of rigorous training, from docking a spacecraft to controlling a robotic arm.
The most exhausting exercise was the seven-hour underwater training session during which she had to wear a special suit that weighed over 100 kilograms to simulate extravehicular activities in a weightless environment.
Wang improved her performance by doing extra core-strength exercises every day to strengthen her back and abdominal muscles. She reached the top level finally at the end of 2011.
为女航天员提供了哪些保障?
被誉为“航天员女教头”的中国载人航天工程航天员系统总设计师黄伟芬向CGTN介绍，本次神舟十三号任务针对女航天员的生活健康保障方面都做了特殊准备：如根据女航天员身材特制的飞船座椅，以提供更为舒适的飞行体验，还为女航天员量身定做了更加轻便合身的舱内外航天服，减少身体消耗，提高工作效率。
在发往中国空间站的“太空包裹”中，还有为女航天员贴心准备的巧克力等甜点、补血用品、卫生用品和少量无毒化妆品。
Special preparations have been made for the Shenzhou 13 mission, based on a woman's physiological characteristics and habits. For example, spacecraft seats and spacesuits are specially designed according to female astronauts' body shapes to bring a more comfortable flight experience. The space station has also been supplied with dessert, blood tonic products, hygienic products and non-toxic cosmetics in advance.
The Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft has already been launched and docked with Tianhe on September 20, carrying nearly six tonnes of supplies, including scientific equipment, propellant, daily materials for the trio and sanitary accessories and cosmetics for the female astronaut.
让我们共同期待王亚平的太空表现吧！