决策者｜基于自然的解决方案是生物多样性保护的关键
Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for decision makers to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Manuel Pulgar-Vidal is the global leader of Climate and Energy at World Wide Fund for Nature, and Stewart Maginnis is the deputy director general at the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The article reflects the authors' opinions, and not necessarily those of CGTN.
CGTN编者按：《决策者》是全球决策制定者分享对国际大事见解的平台。曼努埃尔·普尔加·维达尔是世界自然基金会全球气候与能源负责人；斯图尔特·马吉尼斯是世界自然保护联盟副总干事。本文仅为作者个人观点，不代表CGTN立场。
The pressures on our natural world have never been greater. We need every tool at our disposal to mobilize resources to protect ecosystem integrity and restore nature. Yet, even as negotiators finalize work to agree on the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) that could place us on a pathway to a nature-positive world, they risk ignoring a vital means to mobilize resources.
自然界正面临着前所未有的巨大压力。我们需要运用一切现有手段调动资源，以保护生态系统的完整性并修复自然环境。目前，各国代表们就达成“全球生物多样性框架”所进行的谈判已进入最后阶段，该框架将引领我们走向“自然向好”的未来。但即便如此，代表们仍有可能忽视一个调动资源的重要工具。
The opening ceremony of the second phase of the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) in Montreal, Canada, December 7, 2022. /Xinhua
Nature-based solutions can address societal challenges and provide benefits for biodiversity and climate, along with other positive outcomes. They can provide a bridge between climate action and nature protection. But it's all the more baffling that, as negotiators head into the final days of negotiations in Montreal, they struggle to reach an agreement over the role of nature-based solutions.
基于自然的解决方案有助于应对人类社会所面临的挑战、推动生物多样性和气候保护，并带来其他积极影响。此类方案能够在气候行动和自然保护之间架设起桥梁。但令人万分不解的是，虽然代表们在蒙特利尔的谈判已经接近尾声，但他们仍难以就基于自然的解决方案所应发挥的作用达成一致。
References to nature-based solutions are bracketed within the framework, meaning there is no consensus among the Parties. It has been the source of serious disagreement with some countries refusing to countenance their inclusion within the Global Biodiversity Framework.
在框架案文中，所有提及“基于自然的解决方案”之处均带有括号，意味着各方无法就其达成共识。一些国家拒绝支持将其纳入“全球生物多样性框架”，这是严重分歧的根源。
In its global standard for nature-based solutions, the International Union For Conservation of Nature (IUCN) explains that nature-based solutions combine one (or more) of the three main types of conservation actions – conservation through protection, restoration, and sustainable use – with efforts to address major societal challenges such as climate change, human health, food security, and disaster risk reduction among others.
世界自然保护联盟在其制定的《基于自然的解决方案全球标准》中指出，自然环境保护行动主要有三种，即保护、修复和可持续性利用。基于自然的解决方案便是通过其中的一种或多种来解决人类社会所面临的重大挑战，例如气候变化、公共卫生问题、食品安全问题、灾害风险降低等。
The nature-based solutions concept is grounded in the science and practice of the ecosystem approach, helping to grow its reach among new sectors and communities of practice.
基于自然的解决方案这一理念源于生态系统方法的科学和实践，有助于推动该理念在更多领域和实践社区中得到应用。
Nature-based solutions are not an attempt to turn nature into a commodity to be traded. They are not an offset mechanism to give the buyer a free pass to destroy nature. They are not monoculture plantations, nor a means to disenfranchise Indigenous peoples and local communities.
基于自然的解决方案的目的既不是将自然转化成可以交易的商品，也不是建立一种补偿机制使碳信用额的购买者能够无所顾忌地破坏自然；既不是推行单一品种种植，也不是剥夺原住民和地方社区资源的手段。
Nature-based solutions have been recognized formally by several global agreements: Earlier this year, the UN Environment Assembly passed a resolution to adopt the concept; in May 2022, the UN Convention to Combat Desertification called upon its parties to explore nature-based solutions to meet its objectives; the Ramsar Wetlands Convention encourages parties to deploy nature-based solutions; and at climate negotiations at COP27, the cover decision text encouraged parties to "consider, as appropriate, nature-based solutions or ecosystem-based approaches."
到目前为止，基于自然的解决方案已经得到了若干全球协议的正式认可。今年早些时候，联合国环境大会通过了一项采纳该理念的决议；2022年5月，《联合国防治荒漠化公约》第十五次缔约方大会呼吁各缔约方尝试通过基于自然的解决方案达成公约目标；《国际湿地公约》(拉姆萨尔公约) 第十四届缔约方大会呼吁各缔约方采用基于自然的解决方案；《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十七次缔约方大会的总体框架性决议文本呼吁各缔约方“适当考虑采取基于自然的解决方案或基于生态系统的方法。”
The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is the only relevant international environmental agreement not to have acknowledged the potential of nature-based solutions.
联合国《生物多样性公约》是唯一一个尚未认可基于自然的解决方案潜能的国际环境协议。
The CBD might have no say over how the rules governing nature-based solutions develop. The critical international agreement on biodiversity would not be involved in establishing the guardrails for their use. It would also risk a lack of compatibility with other aspects of the GBF's implementation.
在制定基于自然的解决方案的相关规则方面，《生物多样性公约》或许无法发挥影响力。这一重要的全球生物多样性协议将无法参与确立此类解决方案的安全实施机制，同时也可能与“全球生物多样性框架”的其他方面不相兼容。
Not reaching agreement would mean that countries could find themselves unable to turn to nature-based solutions for resources to help them meet whatever targets emerge from the GBF process.
如果协议未能达成，各国将无法通过基于自然的解决方案获取相关资源以帮助他们完成“全球生物多样性框架”所提出的任何目标。
Nature-based solutions are getting implemented in projects, by local communities, as well as included in national policies. Rich-world and developing country governments, the private sector and other non-state actors recognize their ability to deliver positive social and ecological impact at scale. It would be perverse if that impact couldn't be harnessed to achieve the goals of the GBF.
目前，基于自然的解决方案正在地方社区的项目中得以实施，也被纳入国家政策当中。发达国家和发展中国家政府、私营部门和其他非国家行为体认识到，此类解决方案能够带来积极和广泛的社会及生态影响。不去利用这些影响达成“全球生物多样性框架”的目标是有悖常理的。
It's vital that nature-based solutions proceed with the highest standards. They should be developed in line with IUCN standards. They must recognize the rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities.
至关重要的是，基于自然的解决方案必须按照最高标准制定，符合世界自然保护联盟所设定的标准，还应尊重原住民和地方社区的权利。
Parties to COP15 should embrace nature-based solutions, tap into their potential and guide their development. A failure to grasp that opportunity would slow down the development of nature-based solutions and make the CBD less relevant.
《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会的各参会方应当积极接受基于自然的解决方案、充分利用其潜能，并为方案的具体制定指引方向。错失大会所带来的机遇将阻滞基于自然的解决方案的制定，使《生物多样性公约》失去影响力。