140年来资历最浅:迈克·约翰逊当选众议院议长
* “中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台
摘要
艰难的众议院议长选举历程:
从麦卡锡被弹劾至今的时间线梳理
新议长迈克·约翰逊其人:
资历尚浅的保守派
分歧与寡助:
共和党的内忧外患
“烫手山芋”:
待新议长解决的问题
目前,约翰逊暂未对华表态,而长期低调的他在对华问题上鲜有单独发声。2020年,作为保守派共和党研究委员会主席,约翰逊与人共同撰写了美国当年度《国家安全报告》,其中涉及中美贸易、知识产权、信息活动等批评。该文件主张对与中国军方有关联的公司和个人实施更严厉的制裁,并寻求与志同道合的国家达成双边贸易协议。约翰逊还是国会台湾核心小组(“国会台湾连线”,Congressional Taiwan Caucus)的成员,该小组拥有 150 多名国会议员。在约翰逊当选数小时后,台湾“外事部门”随即在网上发表声明祝贺称。众议院中国问题特别委员会主席、共和党众议员迈克·加拉格尔(Mike Gallagher )表示“我的感觉是,约翰逊对中国采取‘聪明的鹰派’(smart hawkish)立场”。的确,长期低调的约翰逊对华似乎遵循着共和党的大流声音,“中国不是约翰逊的优先事项”,他也在气球事件时发生谴责北京。约翰·霍普金斯大学高级国际研究学院美国外交政策教授查尔斯·史蒂文森(Charles Stevenson)表示:“约翰逊目前在中国问题上是主流:他持批评态度,但没有提出如何应对中国的总体战略”。不过,约翰逊今年曾与其他一起共和党议员共同谴责美国网络安全和基础设施安全局(CISA),并还批评2020年大选的投票软件“被操纵”——约翰逊质疑CISA的监控权力和有效性。此外,约翰逊也参与投票反对了拜登2022年签署的《芯片与科学法案》(CHIPS and Science Act)——当选议长后,约翰逊将不可避免地更多直面中美关系议题,而在华府日渐弥漫担忧生成式人工智能、数据安全监管落后世界领先水平的焦虑氛围下,中美在数字安全层面的交锋,或也是约翰逊日后可能介入的领域。
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“中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台,该平台通过课题研究和精英讲坛的联动运作方式,力求以最快的速度、最高的学术权威分析中美关系的热点问题。