欧盟的人工智能立法里程碑式突破:多方妥协的“微妙平衡”
* “中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台
引言
立法回顾:
欧盟《人工智能法案》的提出与发展历程
历史上第一个AI全面法律框架:
欧盟方案塑造何种框架
1. 不可接受的风险(Unacceptable Risk):被认为会威胁人们的生命、安全和权利的AI系统,包括公共部门使用的社会评分系统、鼓励或辅助自杀等危险行为的系统等等。
2. 高风险(High Risk):可能会影响关键基础设施(如交通)、教育和社会福利等公民权益的AI系统,包括在手术中应用的AI辅助系统、信用评分系统中的AI系统等等。
3. 有限的风险(Limited Risk):指特定的具有对用户透明度义务的AI系统,例如聊天机器人。
4. 最小风险(Minimal Risk):指已经被广泛运用的AI系统,包括垃圾邮件过滤器、电子游戏中的AI系统等等。
“极其微妙的平衡”:
欧盟人工智能法案的争议与长期影响
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