酵母β-葡聚糖——多糖新食品原料
酵母是一种重要的食品和工业微生物,在其细胞壁中存在大量β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖。酵母β-葡聚糖无味无臭,不溶于水、乙醇、丙酮等有机溶剂,具有增强动物免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗感染、抗病毒、降低胆固醇、促进伤口愈合等功能[1],已经被卫生部批准为新资源食品,可以添加到乳制品、功能饮料、焙烤制品、糖果等各种食品中。卫生部2012年第6号公告已将酵母β-葡聚糖使用范围扩大至较大婴儿配方乳粉。
由于酵母β-葡聚糖不仅具有很好的增强免疫力等功效,还具有脂肪样口感,可作为低卡路里食品添加剂,在色拉调料、奶酪类似物等冷冻甜点中作为脂肪替代物使用,具有广泛的应用价值。
1.1 增强免疫力
此外酵母β-葡聚糖还是功能性食品的重要原料,具有增强免疫力、抗感染、抗辐射等功效,可以作为功能食品和膳食补充剂的原料应用于此类产品中。
参考文献:
[1] Brown, G. D., and S. Gordon. Fungal β-glucans and mammalian immunity. Immunity 2003, 19:311.
[2]Magnelli,P. A refined method for the determination of saccharamyces cerecisiae cell wall composition and glucan structure. Analytical Biochemistry, 301:136.
[3] Brown, G. D., and S. Gordon. Immune recognition: a new receptor for β-glucans. Nature 2001, 413:36.
[4]Bowers GJ,Patchen ML,Mac Vittie TJ,et al. Glucan enhances survival in an intraabdominal infection model. J Surg Res. 1989, 47:183.
[5] Nicolosi R, Bell S J, Bistrian B R, et al. Changes in plasma lipids from a yeast- derived-glucan fiber in hypercholesterolemic patients. J Clin Nutr, 1998, 34:189.
[6] 王淼, 陈玉添. 酵母葡聚糖在肉制品中的应用研究.食品机械, 2001, 82:32.
[7] 宫艳艳, 徐学明. 酵母β-葡聚糖脂肪替代品在重油蛋糕中的应用. 食品与发酵工业. 2007, 33:40.
[8] Konuklar G., Inglett G E, Warner K, etc. Use of a β-glucan hydrocolloidal suspension in the manufacture of low-fat Cheddar cheeses: texture properties by instrumental methods and sensory panels. Food Hydrocolloids, 2004, 18:535.
[9] Worrasinchai S, Suphantharika M, Pinjai S, etc. β-glucan prepared from spent brewer's yeast as a fat replacer in mayonnaise. Food Hydrocolloids, 2006, 20:68.