外文橱窗丨政治传播研究前沿
01
Aesthetic Resources in Contemporary Chinese Politics
当代中国政治中的审美资源
Benney, J
Abstract
This essay argues for the primacy of aesthetic resources, which use appeals to the senses and emotions more than interpersonal negotiation or empirical reasoning, in contemporary Chinese political communication. Chinese officials and citizens create politically acceptable utterances by assembling existing aesthetic resources in particular orders. This strategy has partly been forced on the party state by its internally contradictory history and has partly resulted from the use of advertising and marketing techniques. Excessive reliance on aesthetic resources, and the miscellaneous and inconsistent nature of the resources chosen, may prove to be a political weakness for the party state.
Keywords
public-opinion; soft-power; propaganda; authoritarianism
Source
Critical Inquiry,Published Mar 2020
DOI: 10.1086/708069
02
Mediatised Politics: A Persepctive for Understanding Political Communication in China
媒介化政治：理解中国政治传播的一种视角
Weijia Wang
Abstract
Through multiple case studies, this essay attempts to paint a general picture of “mediatised politics” in China. The author first discusses several phenomena typical in Chinese political communication, such as government Public Relations training, Internet public opinion guidance, government communication on social media, and regional branding. He then analyses the historical origins of “the mediatization of publicity” and “the public-relations oriented transformation of government administration” in China, and the complex influences they have had on the country’s society and culture. With these descriptions and analyses, the author provides a new perspective to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of Chinese communication, especially vis-à-vis the relationship between the Party state and media.
Keywords
Chinese media, mediatised politics, government public relations, political communication
Source
Javnost - The Public,Published Mar 2020
https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2020.1727277
03
Transcultural political communication from the perspective of proximization theory: A comparative analysis on the corpuses of the Sino–US trade war
趋近化理论视角下的跨文化政治传播：中美贸易战语料的比较分析
Lijuan Chen, Danyang Zhang, Yingfei He
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the operational potential in political discourse analysis from the proximization perspective. This study adopts a cross-disciplinary approach to analyze political communication across transcultural contexts, especially in the cyber discourse space. Based on the spatial–temporal–axiological (STA) model, we compare the journalistic discourses on two social media platforms by China Xinhua News Agency (CXNA), an official speaker for China worldwide. The corpuses are constructed with microblogs on Weibo in Chinese and Twitter in English containing key words of Sino–US trade war. It is found that the speaker has shaped different realities of discourse in accordance with the cultural contexts and proximized from corresponding dimensions to increase political legitimacy.
Keywords
Comparative analysis, political communication, proximization theory, transcultural context
Source
Discourse & Communication,Published
Mar 2020
https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481320910519
04
Lessons from Weibo: Media Convergence and Contemporary Chinese Politics
微博的经验教训：媒体融合与当代中国政治
Lu, XY
Abstract
This paper focuses on the historical relationship between new media development and Chinese politics that led to the formation of the Chinese state's strategy on media convergence in 2014. Specifically, it analyses a series of influential public controversies in China's microblog or Weibo sphere in the formative years of Weibo's development (2011-2012) to reveal the profound class biases, partisan excesses, as well as symbolic violence of Weibo as a platform for public deliberation on Chinese politics. The degeneration of Weibo politics and its anti-democratic nature foreshadowed the state's intention to steer the direction of media convergence to ensure that the process will not be hijacked by elite interests so as to sustain some resemblance to the CCP's traditional mass line mode of political communication. However, how to realize the state's vision remains a formidable task.
Keywords
microblogging; Chinese politics; media convergence; new media
Source
Javnost - The Public,Published Mar 2020
DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2020.1728492
05
Populist linguistic tone in recent U.S. presidential campaign discourse: a DICTION analysis
美国总统竞选话语中的民粹主义语调：一种措辞分析
Craig O. Stewart
Abstract
This study analyzed the tone of public campaign remarks of right- and left-wing populist (Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders, respectively) and right and left-wing non-populist (Mitt Romney and Hillary Clinton, respectively) U.S. presidential candidates using DICTION 7.0. Findings suggest that populists tended to use a linguistic tone that is high in pessimism, group abstractness, and exclusion. Pessimism and group abstractness were positively associated with immigration language in right-wing populist speech. Commonality and “we-ness” were positively associated with populist language in left-wing populist speech.
Keywords
computational text analysis, political communication, populism, tone
Source
Communication Research Reports
,Published Apr 2020
https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2020.1736541
06
Populism in the era of Twitter: How social media contextualized new insights into an old phenomenon
推特时代的民粹主义：社交媒体如何将新的视角融入到旧现象中
de Zuniga, HG ; Michalska, KK
Abstract
With the advent of social media, political communication scholars have systematically revised theories and empirical corollaries revolving media use and democracy at large. Interestingly, in about the same period of time, a reinvigorated political populism trend has taken place across different latitudes in the world. This widespread populist movement has expanded regardless of whether these political systems were established democracies, emerging democracies, or societies immersed in political contexts at peril. This essay serves as the introductory piece to a special issue on populism. First, it highlights the ways in which "populism," being an old phenomenon, has further transpired into the political realm in the era of social media. Second, the essay seeks to better contextualize what populism is and how it has developed within today's hybrid media society. Finally, this introduction also lays out the ground to six central theoretical and data-driven papers that encapsulate many of the important issues revolving the phenomenon of populism today.
Keywords
democracy; Facebook; populism; social media; Twitter
Source
New Media & Society,Published Apr 2020
DOI: 10.1177/1461444819893978
07
Right-wing populism, social media and echo chambers in Western democracies
西方民主国家的右翼民粹主义、社交媒体和回音室效应
Boulianne, S ; Koc-Michalska, K ; Bimber, B
Abstract
Many observers are concerned that echo chamber effects in digital media are contributing to the polarization of publics and, in some places, to the rise of right-wing populism. This study employs survey data collected in France, the United Kingdom and the United States (1500 respondents in each country) from April to May 2017. Overall, we do not find evidence that online/social media explain support for right-wing populist candidates and parties. Instead, in the United States, use of online media decreases support for right-wing populism. Looking specifically at echo chamber measures, we find offline discussion with those who are similar in race, ethnicity and class positively correlates with support for populist candidates and parties in the United Kingdom and France. The findings challenge claims about the role of social media and the rise of populism.
Keywords
Cross-national; digital media; echo chambers; political discussion; populism; selective exposure; social media
Source
New Media & Society,Published Apr 2020
DOI: 10.1177/1461444819893983
08
Hyperpartisan news: Rethinking the media for populist politics
超级党派新闻：重思媒体的民粹主义政治
Rae, M
Abstract
Online media sites such as Breitbart News in the United States and The Canary in the United Kingdom have come to prominence as powerful new agents. Their reach and influence in the contemporary digital media ecology have been widely highlighted, yet there has been little scholarship to situate these important new players in the field of political communication. This article argues that, first, these 'interlopers' known as the 'alt-right' and 'alt-left' need to be understood as embedded in the context of populist politics. Second, 'hyperpartisan' describes these sites better than the framework of alternative media as it mirrors populism's ideological pillar of 'us' versus 'them'. Finally, a deliberate provocation is argued to name these digital start-ups as news to create a starting point for conceptualising these disruptive new media forces.
Keywords
Alt-left; alt-right; hyperpartisan news; interlopers; political communication; populism
Source
New Media & Society,Published Mar 2020
DOI: 10.1177/1461444820910416
09
What kind of populism? Tone and targets in the Twitter discourse of French and American presidential candidates
什么样的民粹主义？法国和美国总统候选人的推特演讲中的语气和目标
Maurer, P ; Diehl, T
Abstract
Insurgent candidates from across the political spectrum are increasingly turning to social media to directly engage the public. Social media offer a platform that favours affect and personality, both key components of populist-style rhetoric, a label that is often attached to politicians outside the political establishment. Despite noteworthy exceptions, few cross-national studies of high-profile candidates' use of social media exist, and even less is known about how candidates representing various political ideologies employ affect alongside populism. To advance the state-of-the-art, this study examines the sentiment and rhetorical targets of attack in the Twitter feeds (N = 25,825 tweets) of six presidential candidates in the United States and French election campaigns of 2016 and 2017. Employing dictionary-based quantitative analysis, the study finds variation among the candidates' rhetoric in terms of how they employ populist themes, affect and ideology. The findings suggest that scholars should consider a more nuanced approach to populism in late-modern democracies.
Keywords
Automated content analysis; comparative; France; populism; populist communication; presidential elections
Source
European Journal of Communication
,Published Mar 2020
DOI: 10.1177/0267323120909288
10
Citizens’ engagement with popularization and with populist actors on Facebook: A study on 52 leaders in 18 Western democracies
脸书上大众化和民粹主义者活动的民众参与：一项针对18个西方民主国家52位领导人的研究
Diego Ceccobelli, Mario Quaranta, Augusto Valeriani
Abstract
By considering the Facebook activity of 52 party leaders during national election campaigns held in 18 Western democracies that went to the polls between 2013 and 2017, we study users’ engagement with popularization and with populist leaders. Applying negative binomial hierarchical models on original data of party leaders’ Facebook pages, we find that elements of popularization in leaders’ posts are associated with an increase in users’ acknowledgement (number of likes), decreases in redistribution (number of shares), while they do not affect discursive interactions (number of comments). Our research also shows that, irrespective of their content, messages published by populist leaders are more capable of increasing both acknowledgement and redistribution, while they do not generate more comments than those published by non-populists. Finally, we find that when populist leaders adopt popularization as a communicative style, they do not achieve any extra gain vis-a-vis non-populist actors.
Keywords
Election campaigns, Facebook, political engagement, popularization of political communication, populist leaders, social media
Source
European Journal of Communication, Published Mar 2020
https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323120909292
11
The unedited public sphere
未经编辑的公共领域
Bimber, B ;Gil de Zuniga
Abstract
The health of democratic public spheres is challenged by the circulation of falsehoods. These epistemic problems are connected to social media and they raise a classic problem of how to understand the role of technology in political developments. We discuss three sets of technological affordances of social media that facilitate the spread of false beliefs: obscuring the provenance of information, facilitating deception about authorship, and providing for manipulation of social signals. We argue that these do not make social media a "cause" of problems with falsehoods, but explanations of epistemic problems should account for social media to understand the timing and widespread occurrence of epistemic problems. We argue that "the marketplace of ideas" cannot be adequate as a remedy for these problems, which require epistemic editing by the press.
Keywords
Artificial intelligence; bot; computational propaganda; deepfake; machine learning; propaganda; public opinion; public sphere
Source
New Media & Society,Published Apr 2020
DOI: 10.1177/1461444819893980
12
Rise of the Machines? Examining the Influence of Social Bots on a Political Discussion Network
机器的崛起？社交机器人对政治讨论网络的影响研究
Hagen, L ; Neely, S ; Keller, TE ; Scharf, R
Abstract
The growing influence of social bots in political discussion networks has raised significant concerns, particularly given their potential to adversely impact democratic outcomes. In this study, we report the results of a case study analysis of bot activity in a recent, high-profile political discussion network. Specifically, we examine the prevalence and impact of bots in a Twitter network discussing the Special Counsel investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections. Using this discussion network, we conduct a "before-and-after" analysis to examine the prevalence of social bots in the discussion network as well as their influence on key network features such as (1) network structure, (2) content/messaging, (3) sentiment, and (4) influentialness. Our findings suggest that bots can affect political discussion networks in several significant ways. We found that bot-like accounts created the appearance of a virtual community around far-right political messaging, attenuated the influence of traditional actors (i.e., media personalities, subject matter experts), and influenced network sentiment by amplifying pro-Trump messaging. The results of this analysis add to a growing body of literature on the use and influence of social bots while at the same time uniquely examining their influence in a nonelectoral, political setting.
Keywords
bots; social media; Twitter; artificial intelligence; political communication; media politics
Source
Social Science Computer Review,Published Mar 2020
DOI: 10.1177/0894439320908190
13
Polarization and partisanship: Key drivers of distrust in media old and new?
极化与党派关系：新旧媒体之间不信任的主要驱动力？
Suiter, J ; Fletcher, R
Abstract
Some worry that increased partisanship is lowering trust in the news media, as people increasingly come into contact with cross-cutting news coverage. We use multilevel analysis of online survey data from 35 countries and find that left-right partisans (1) have slightly less trust in the news media in general, (2) slightly higher levels of trust in the news they consume and (3) perceive a larger 'trust gap' between the news they use and the rest of the news available within their country. However, we do not find evidence to support the idea that people in more politically polarized countries have less trust in the news, or that the association between partisanship and trust is strengthened in polarized political environments. Although in most cases the relationship between partisanship and trust is weak, it is noticeably stronger in the United States. However, the United States is home to a unique media system, and our analysis highlights the problems of assuming that the processes at work in one relatively well-understood country are playing out in the same way globally.
Keywords
International communication; journalism; media systems; political communication; trust
Source
European Journal of Communication
,Published Mar 2020
DOI: 10.1177/0267323120903685
14
Cross-Platform State Propaganda: Russian Trolls on Twitter and YouTube during the 2016 US Presidential Election
跨平台国家宣传：2016年美国总统大选期间推特和YouTube上的俄罗斯喷子
Golovchenko, Y ; Buntain, C ; Eady, G
Abstract
This paper investigates online propaganda strategies of the Internet Research Agency (IRA)-Russian "trolls"-during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. We assess claims that the IRA sought either to (1) support Donald Trump or (2) sow discord among the U.S. public by analyzing hyperlinks contained in 108,781 IRA tweets. Our results show that although IRA accounts promoted links to both sides of the ideological spectrum, "conservative" trolls were more active than "liberal" ones. The IRA also shared content across social media platforms, particularly YouTube-the second-most linked destination among IRA tweets. Although overall news content shared by trolls leaned moderate to conservative, we find troll accounts on both sides of the ideological spectrum, and these accounts maintain their political alignment. Links to YouTube videos were decidedly conservative, however. While mixed, this evidence is consistent with the IRA's supporting the Republican campaign, but the IRA's strategy was multifaceted, with an ideological division of labor among accounts. We contextualize these results as consistent with a pre-propaganda strategy. This work demonstrates the need to view political communication in the context of the broader media ecology, as governments exploit the interconnected information ecosystem to pursue covert propaganda strategies.
Keywords
propaganda; Internet Research Agency; Twitter; YouTube; social media; foreign intervention
Source
International Journal of Press-Politics
, Published Apr 2020
DOI: 10.1177/1940161220912682
15
The Role of Flag Emoji in Online Political Communication
旗帜表情符号在网络政治传播中的作用
Kariryaa, A ; Runde, S ; Heuer, H
Abstract
Flags are important national symbols that have transcended into the digital world with inclusion in the Unicode character set. Despite their significance, there is little information about their role in online communication. This article examines the role of flag emoji in political communication online by analyzing 640,676 tweets by the most important political parties and Members of Parliament in Germany and the United States. We find that national flags are frequently used in political communication and are mostly used in-line with political ideology. As off-line, flag emoji usage in online communication is associated with external events of national importance. This association is stronger in the United States than in Germany. The results also reveal that the presence of the national flag emoji is associated with significantly higher engagement in Germany irrespective of party, whereas it is associated with slightly higher engagement for politicians of the Republican party and slightly lower engagement for Democrats in the United States. Implications of the results and future research directions are discussed.
Keywords
political communication; political parties; social media; emoji; flag; Twitter
Source
Social Science Computer Review
,Published Apr 2020
DOI: 10.1177/0894439320909085
16
Silent Partners: How Politicians' Facebook Communication with Constituents is Mediated
沉默的伙伴：政客与选民在脸书上的沟通是如何被中介化的
Ben-Porat, CS ; Lev-On, A
Abstract
Theoretical research on political communication between Members of Parliament (MPs) and the public has focused on the role, activities, and perceptions of the MPs themselves without noting the existence of an intermediate layer: Parliamentary Assistants (PAs). This study examines the presence of PAs in the process of MPs' interactions with the public, and their PA's role in this process. The study investigates the perception that social media involves direct contact between the public and parliamentarians, raising questions regarding how communication is conducted between these two actors in political representation. The study found that PAs' social media skills and knowledge are hardly considered in the hiring process, although they play a central role in the MPs' social media connection with the public. Subjective variables generate differences in PA level of involvement operating MP social media channels. Based on these findings, a typology of PA involvement in MP social media operation is offered.
Keywords
Political Communication; Political Actors; Public Administration; New Media; Social Media; Facebook; E-Parliament; Intermediation
Source
Politics & Policy,Published Apr 2020
DOI: 10.1111/polp.12352
17
Different shows, different stories: How German TV formats challenged the government's framing of the Ukraine crisis
不同的节目，不同的故事：德国电视格式如何挑战政府对乌克兰危机的框架
Lichtenstein, D ; Koerth, K
Abstract
In a complex information environment, the Ukraine crisis became a litmus test for the German government's capacity to legitimate its international crisis management in Ukraine and in confrontations with Russia. This study investigates crisis coverage in the pluralized German television system and how it is shaped by trends of infotainment and globalization. It asks how different TV formats framed the Ukraine crisis and challenged or approved governmental crisis policy. Comparing the framing of the Ukraine crisis between March 2014 and December 2015 in German government communication, public service newscast Tagesschau, Russian foreign broadcaster's newscast Der Fehlende Part (RT Deutsch) and seven infotainment programs (talk shows and satirical shows), the findings reveal essential limitations for the indexing thesis. All TV formats substantially differed in their depiction of the crisis according to their respective format conventions. Whereas public service news mainly reflected governmental frames, the foreign and infotainment formats challenged the legitimacy of German crisis policy.
Keywords
content analysis; crisis communication; infotainment; media frames; foreign broadcasting; television; Ukraine crisis
Source
Media War and Conflict,Published
Mar 2020
DOI: 10.1177/1750635220909977
18
Analysis and effects of jihadist propaganda in the media in Spain (2016-2019)
西班牙媒体中圣战宣传的分析和影响（2016-2019）
Moreno-Mercado, JM
Abstract
Media effects of jihadist terrorism have produced a great deal of contributions both to studies on political communication and those on security and defense. Networks of jihadist propaganda and their evolution have been a constant concern for military members, politicians and academics.The objective of this article is twofold: on the one hand, to show how jihadist statements making reference to Spain have been in recent years. On the other hand, to analyze the impact of such statements in Spanish media, and more specifically in Spanish press. Based on a classic and quantitative methodology, namely content analysis, this research provides original data on the media significance of groups such as Al-Qaeda or Daesh in Spain. Press analysis is based on framing theories, mainly with the purpose of identifying the main media themes when dealing with jihadist terrorism. To sum it up, this work offers an empirical view on the relationship between jihadist communiques and media coverage, a topic rarely explored in the Spanish academic field to date.
Keywords
jihadist terrorism; propaganda; mass media; communiques; press; content analysis
Source
Revista Espanola De Ciencia Politica-Recp
,Published Mar 2020
DOI: 10.21308/recp.52.02
19
Listening During Political Conversations: Traits and Situations
政治对话中的倾听：特征与情境
William P. Eveland Jr.,Kathryn D. Coduto
Abstract
Recent political theory in the areas of dialogic and deliberative democracy has placed particular emphasis on the importance of listening in contexts in which people disagree strongly, have competing (and potentially incompatible) interests, or are otherwise profoundly different. Despite this theoretical attention, there is very little empirical research directly examining the concept of listening – especially across lines of difference – in the political context. In this article we present two studies on race and political listening. Study 1 employs a large, diverse national U.S. adult sample and demonstrates that there are some differences – including race-related differences – in the general tendency toward political listening. Study 2, using a large, diverse national sample of U.S. adults, shifts emphasis from overall tendencies in listening during political talk to specific, situational listening with a particular discussion partner. Across three different (randomly assigned) race-related topics, using a method of imagined interactions to simulate such discussions, we find that Blacks (compared to Whites), individuals with fewer opposite-race relatives, and those who do not identify with the opposite race were significantly more likely to report it being “hard” to truly listen during discussion with a cross-race partner. Together, these findings highlight the importance of race itself, racial identity, experience with cross-race interactions, and race-related topics, to the study of political listening.
Keywords
political talk, listening, deliberation, dialogue, intergroup communication, imagined interactions, intergroup contact theory
Source
Political Communication,Published Apr 2020
https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2020.1736701
20
Real time political deliberation on social media: can televised debates lead to rational and civil discussions on broadcasters’ Facebook pages?
社交媒体上的实时政治协商：电视辩论能否在广播公司的脸书页面上引发理性民众讨论？
Lindita Camaj
Abstract
As broadcast news organizations partner with social media to generate real time reactions to live political debates, this article explores how this trend impacts discussions among their Facebook page users. Data from the 2016 U.S. elections suggest that real-time conversations on broadcasters’ Facebook pages in response to televised political debates might have important democratic value, as viewer comments expressed a considerable degree of interactivity, rationality and civility. Discussions prompted by brodcasters' posts that quoted candidate acclaims and their policy positions resulted in more deliberate conversations than discussions prompted by opponent attacks and candidate character.
Keywords
Political debates, news media, Facebook, deliberation, incivility
Source
Journal Information, Communication & Society,Published Apr 2020
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1749695
21
Decentralizing electoral campaigns? New-old parties, grassroots and digital activism
竞选活动去中心化？新党、草根与数字行动主义
Lobera&Martín Portos
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that new parties display new patterns of digital mobilization. We shed light on this debate: do new party supporters engage in online political activities to a greater extent during electoral campaigns? Do they share political images or quotes on social media, participate in political forums, or exchange political messages with their friends more often than supporters of traditional parties? No. Drawing on a post-electoral survey dataset in Spain, we find that offline extra-institutional political activities are key predictors of the level of online political engagement. Even in the context of a polarized electoral campaign and the emergence of new electoral forces such as Podemos, extra-institutional political participation drives digital activism to the detriment of institutional variables, such as turnout or partisan preferences. Thus, all parties depend on extra-institutional activists to boost their online campaigns. Since grassroots activists increasingly influence the communicative strategy of all political parties, we interpret this process within a long-term digital-based post-material transformation of the political culture, with major implications for partisan organization, mobilization, and polarization in many democracies. We contend that the overrepresentation of grassroots activists in producing and disseminating political content in social media may have favored an increase of the visibility and public support of political outsiders in several countries.
Keywords
Political polarization, activism, post-material political culture, election campaign, digital public sphere
Source
Journal Information, Communication & Society,Published Apr 2020
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1749697
22
Social networks and digital organisation: far right parties at the 2019 Australian federal election
社交网络和数字组织：2019年澳大利亚联邦大选的极右翼政党
Jordan McSwiney
Abstract
This paper analyses the social media networks and content of four Australian parties, assessing their relationship to the far right at the time of the 2019 Australian federal election. Using social network analysis, I map their relationship to a broader network of far-right actors in Australia on Facebook and Twitter, identifying pathways of communication, mobilisation and recruitment. The structure of the parties’ networks points to highly centralised, leader-centric organisations, placing them in a vulnerable position in terms of sustainability. This is combined with qualitative content analysis, which finds little evidence of party organisation or campaign mobilisation on either platform, despite the context of a first-order election. Instead, these parties use social media primarily for the construction of collective identities and the development and dissemination of interpretive frames, practices typically associated with social movements rather than political parties.
Keywords
Far right, party organisation, social media, Pauline Hanson, Australia
Source
Journal Information, Communication & Society,Published Apr 2020
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1757132
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