德克萨斯州的瓜:移民议题下美国“央地”关系的司法拉锯与胶着选情
The following article is from 复旦中美友好互信合作计划 Author 姜静宜
* “中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台
近年来,美国非法移民问题愈发严重。根据美国海关和边境保护局数据,2023财年,美墨边境发生了超过240万人次的移民冲突,高于2021年的约170万次。仅 2023年12 月份,就有超过 30 万非法移民越过边境,创下历史新高。过去几周来,德克萨斯州政府与联邦政府就边境非法移民问题产生了引人瞩目的龃龉。德州州长、共和党人格雷格·阿博特(Greg Abbott)抨击拜登(Joe Biden)无视履行宪法职责要求,放任非法移民入境,引发州与联邦所谓“央地”关系的宪政风波,甚至在一些舆论场激发了所谓美国是否会由此陷入“内战”的热议。
冲突因何而起?德克萨斯州边境铁丝网案
1月22日,最高法院以5:4的多数宣布德克萨斯州边境铁丝网案裁决结果,允许联邦官员在认为有必要的情况下切断部分铁丝网。
冲突发酵升温25州及特朗普支持德州
当地时间1月31日,美国众议院共和党议员在经过15小时的辩论后,投票赞成启动针对国土安全部部长马约卡斯的弹劾程序,指控其未能处理好移民危机。
真正的问题:“谁”与“如何”
另外,州长阿博特援引了美国宪法中罕被使用的入侵条款。他表示,移民就像外国公敌的入侵,鉴于总统对此无动于衷,德克萨斯州有权保卫自己。这一论证是否成立,需要细致的法律界定。无论如何,卡恩认为,当前的紧张局势都为未来州和联邦政府关系带来了更深层次的问题和相互冲突的先例。
Border Statement by Governor Greg Abbott https://gov.texas.gov/uploads/files/press/Border_Statement_1.24.2024.pdf
“25 Republican Governors Back Texas in Escalating Border Standoff with US Government.” Www.bbc.com, 26 Jan. 2024, www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68101927.
Alvarez, Priscilla. “Exclusive: Biden Administration Demands Texas Immediately Stop Blocking Border Patrol Access in Letter to AG | CNN Politics.” CNN, 15 Jan. 2024, edition.cnn.com/2024/01/14/politics/immigration-texas-border-dhs-letter-ken-paxton/index.html. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.
Bernal, Rafael. “Abbott Doubles down on Border “Invasion” Declaration after Supreme Court Blow.” The Hill, 24 Jan. 2024, thehill.com/latino/4427387-abbott-texas-border-invasion-supreme-court-immigration/.
Brennan, Margaret, et al. “Senate Immigration Talks Continue as Divisions among Republicans Threaten to Sink Deal - CBS News.” Www.cbsnews.com, 25 Jan. 2024, www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-immigration-deal-republicans-biden-border/.
Carvajal, Michael Williams, Camila DeChalus, Nikki. “Texas Mayors Are Fed up with Biden and Abbott’s Bickering over the Border | CNN Politics.” CNN, 19 Jan. 2024, edition.cnn.com/2024/01/19/politics/immigration-border-mayors-joe-biden/index.html. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.
Garsd, J. (2024) The fight between Texas and the Feds over immigration enforcement intensifies, NPR. Available at: https://www.npr.org/2024/01/29/1227695806/the-fight-between-texas-and-the-feds-over-immigration-enforcement-intensifies (Accessed: 31 January 2024).
Horsley, McKenna. “Kentucky Republicans Lining up with Texas Governor in Border Fight with Biden.” Kentucky Lantern, 30 Jan. 2024, kentuckylantern.com/2024/01/29/kentucky-republicans-lining-up-with-texas-governor-in-border-fight-with-biden/. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.
January 25, and 2024. “Republican Governors Band Together, Issue Joint Statement Supporting Texas’ Constitutional Right to Self-Defense.” RGA, 25 Jan. 2024, www.rga.org/republican-governors-ban-together-issue-joint-statement-supporting-texas-constitutional-right-self-defense/. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.
梁由之. “得州与美国政府武装对峙!特朗普下场.” Weixin Official Accounts Platform, mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Wg7yaQIOOM6Dp2G8Dtxr-Q. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.
Molestina, Ken. “Texas, Biden Administration Continue to Clash over Border amid Bi-Partisan Immigration Deal - CBS Texas.” Www.cbsnews.com, 29 Jan. 2024, www.cbsnews.com/texas/news/texas-biden-administration-cotinue-to-clash-over-border-amid-bi-partisan-immigration-deal/.
Montoya-Galvez, Camilo, et al. “Biden and Senators on Verge of Striking Immigration Deal Aimed at Clamping down on Illegal Border Crossings - CBS News.” Www.cbsnews.com, 28 Jan. 2024, www.cbsnews.com/news/immigration-deal-biden-senate-us-mexico-border-bill/.
News, A. B. C. “Judge Denies Texas Request to Bar Customs and Border Protection from Cutting Razor Wire at Border.” ABC News, abcnews.go.com/US/judge-denies-request-texas-bar-cbp-federal-government/story?id=105292998. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.
---. “Supreme Court Allows Federal Agents to Remove Razor Wire Texas Placed at Border.” ABC News, abcnews.go.com/Politics/supreme-court-sides-biden-administration-texas-border-dispute/story?id=106575343.
“Trump Praises Texas Governor as Border State Clashes with Biden Administration over Immigration.” AP News, 28 Jan. 2024, apnews.com/article/trump-biden-immigration-texas-border-mexico-f2c1f03d902734521ab6e23f02ed9fa3. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.
王晗. “Tensions Escalate over Immigration Issue between Texas, US Federal Govt.” Www.chinadaily.com.cn, www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202401/29/WS65b7a889a3104efcbdae88b5.html. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.
Weisfeldt, Holly Yan, Rosa Flores, Sara. “Texas Seized Part of the US-Mexico Border and Blocked Federal Border Patrol Agents. Here’s What Happened Next.” CNN, 27 Jan. 2024, www.cnn.com/2024/01/27/us/texas-eagle-pass-us-mexico-border/index.html.
张江平. “25个共和党州长支持得州,美国发生了什么?.” Weixin Official Accounts Platform, mp.weixin.qq.com/s/S4lnkS5hGMBwwiaACV8hHg. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024.
Editor, Maura Zurick Weekend Night. “Greg Abbott Says Texas Has Bused out 23,500 Migrants from “Overrun” Towns.” Newsweek, 27 June 2023, www.newsweek.com/texas-greg-abbott-invasion-immigration-governor-southern-border-federal-government-immigrants-1864004towns-1809458. Accessed 31 Jan. 2024.
“The TCEQ Border Initiative.” Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, www.tceq.texas.gov/publications/gi/gi-392.html. Accessed 31 Jan. 2024.
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/30/us/politics/biden-border-crisis-immigration.html
https://www.khou.com/article/news/politics/2024-texas-voter-presidential-election-survey-results/285-cadb5700-c5f6-4c8c-af54-ea40f7dba347
猜你喜欢
上周最需关注的8条中美资讯新一轮会晤开启 美国着急向中国“求助”?
大局已定:特朗普再赢一州,黑莉缘何坚持?
新年伊始,访美频频:“台湾”因素下的日美关系
德桑蒂斯退选,特朗普会选择谁作副手?
往期回顾