2018年11月CATTI三级、二级笔译实务试题【整理版】

南京策马翻译 2022-10-02

点击上方蓝色字体，关注我们

以下真题由策马（南京）教研团队整理收集，非官方版本，仅供参考。如有出入，欢迎指正。

三级笔译实务

英译汉

Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study. Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples fromremote areas of the continent earlier this year. These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics.

The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet. Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.

The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change. Frida Bengtsson, of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of manmade pollution. “We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said.

Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals – polyfluorinated alkylated substances, or PFAS.

Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall.

Prof Alex Rogers, a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school, Oxford University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that man-made pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world. And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown.

“The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up thefood chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said. There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants.

Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves – like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for – to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”

The samples were gathered during a three-month Greenpeace expedition to the Antarctic from January to March 2018. The Guardian joined the trip for two weeks in February. A decision on the sanctuary proposal, which is being put forward by the EU and supported by environmental campaign groups around the world, will be taken at the forthcoming meeting of the Antarctic Ocean Commission in Tasmania in October.

汉译英

河南是中华民族与华夏文明的发源地。中国四大发明中的指南针、造纸、火药三大技术均发明于河南。河南历史文化厚重，历史文物古迹众多，文物数量居全国第一位。河南境内有25处世界文化遗产，358个全国重点文物保护单位，4个世界地质公园，12个国家级重点风景名胜区，13个国家级自然保护区。

河南是中国重要的经济大省，2017年国内生产总值稳居中国第五位，2017年河南生产总值44,988亿元，比上年增长7.8%。人均生产总值47,130元，增长7.4%。粮食种植面积达10,135千公顷，粮食产量5,973.4万吨，比上年增加26.8万吨。全部工业增加值18,807亿元，增长7.4%。社会消费品零售总额19.666亿元，增加11.6%。全年居民消费价格比上年增长1.4%。

近年来，河南已成为“一带一路”的重要中心，河南已经同全球200多个国家和地区建立了贸易关系，127家世界500强企业在河南落户。河南将以更具吸引力的政策，更加友好的营商环境，广迎四海宾客，实现更高层次的互利和共赢。

二级笔译实务

英译汉

Passage 1

New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.

Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes.

Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black.

After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.

There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their homes in the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava.

In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents -- a little more than half of the evacuees -- were allowed to return briefly, and Magno said they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely.

"Things got pretty active," an official said at a Saturday press conference." The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I'm not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continue to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the vents have gone quiet now."

But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn't be for long." More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again. There's a lot of lava or magma under the ground so eventually it's going to come up."

The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes -- 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 -- in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake.

The concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from vents, though. "This is lava, that is definitely destroying people's homes -- we don't have an exact count -- but it is a devastating situation and it's going to be everyday that it goes on," Hawaii County Managing Director Wil Okabe said Saturday. "Mother nature, there's no way we could've predicted this."

Passage 2

Just as in America, in Britain too, the story told by official statistics does not always match people's experience. That is especially true in places like Newcastle, a former shipbuilding city, which lost out to competition from Asia in the 1970s and has seen living standards stagnate ever since. The U.S. economy, we are told, is booming. In the past two quarters, gross domestic product has risen by more than 3%, the stock market is soaring and unemployment is down to a 17-year low of 4.1%. Many people, though, don't feel that upside.

The perception gap is huge. Unemployment, more broadly measured, is higher than the headline number suggests because many people have simply given up looking for work or are working in part-time jobs when they want a full-time job. One of the prime faults of GDP is that it deals in averages and aggregates. Aggregates hide the nuances of inequality. And averages don't tell us very much at all.

Barring a few recessions, the U.S. economy has been on a near relentless upward path since the 1950s. Yet according to a Pew Research Center report, the average hourly wage for nonmanagement private-sector work was $20.67 in 2014, a measly $1.49 higher than in 1964, adjusted for inflation.

Studies suggest that people care more about relative than absolute wealth. If that is true, then as a minority have become richer, the majority have grown more miserable. In a famous experiment carried out at Emory University, two capuchin monkeys were put side by side and given cucumbers as a reward for performing a task. When one of the monkeys was given better-tasting grapes instead, the monkey receiving cucumbers became distraught, flinging its now despised reward at its trainer.

The problems with using GDP as a barometer go beyond masking inequality. Invented in the U.S. in the 1930s, the figure is a child of the manufacturing age – good at measuring physical production but not the services that dominate modern economies. How would GDP measure the quality of mental-health care or the availability of day-care centers and parks in your area?

Even the Belarusian economist who practically invented GDP, had doubts about his creation. He did not like the fact that it counted armaments and financial speculation as positive outputs. Above all, he said, GDP should never be confused with well-being. That suggests we need to find different ways of measuring our success. For the most part, we have become enraptured with a single measure that offers only limited information.

汉译英

Passage 1

互联网是一个社会信息大平台，亿万网民在上面获得信息、交流信息，这会对他们的求知途径、思维方式、价值观念产生重要影响，特别是会对他们、对国家、对社会、对工作、对人生的看法产生重要影响。网民来自老百姓，老百姓上了网，民意也就上了网。各级党政机关和领导干部要学会通过网络与公众保持联系，经常上网，看看，聊聊天、发发声，了解群众所思所愿，收集好想法好建议，积极回应网民关切、解疑释惑。

网民大多数是普通群众，来自各行各业，各自经历不同，观点和想法肯定是五花八门的，不能要求他们对所有问题都看得那么准、说得那么对。要多一些包容和耐心，对建设性意见要及时吸纳，对困难的人要及时帮助，对不了解情况的要及时宣介，对模糊认识要及时廓清，对怨气怨言要及时化解，对错误看法要及时引导和纠正。

Passage 2

当今，世界各国的实力较量涉及诸多因素，其中最重要的一个要素是市场规模。哪个国家的市场大，对其他国家的吸引力就越大，也越容易处于领先地位。中国有14亿人口，这就决定了它拥有世界上最大的消费市场。经济学家都认为，过去这些年，中国市场发展的速度是世界上最快的。

连续九年，中国是世界上最大的汽车市场。2016年，美国销售了1,700万辆汽车，同年中国则销售了2400万辆。其中在中国的美国合资公司销售的汽车占比很大。中国还是世界上最大的智能手机市场，也是最大的服装、电商、国内旅游和农产品市场。中国市场展现了惊人的发展潜力。在中国，中产和富裕阶层人士迅速增长，年轻人有了全新的消费习惯，线上线下销售渠道覆盖了全国各地。随着医疗、养老产业不断发展，还将进一步提升中国人的消费能力。

想系统学习笔译的相关技巧，提升笔译技能，应对CATTI笔译考试，欢迎报读我们的CATTI笔译课程！从笔译基础技巧到专题训练、习题点评讲解再到CATTI历年考题讲解、应试技巧及考点预测，助你迅速建立系统的笔译知识体系；复习有的放矢，提升通过几率。最新一期笔译周末班将于11月24日开课，感兴趣的小伙伴可以扫描下方任意二维码，报名咨询哦！

周末没时间，想寒假上课，怎么办？

推荐报读寒假笔译集训班哦！连续上课，课时更多，效果更明显！

（↓↓↓戳链接了解课程详情）

策马（南京）2019寒假笔译班火热报名中！

策马（南京）寒假笔译集训班现在已开始报名，按报名顺序排座，感兴趣的赶紧戳下方任意二维码，添加Jojo/Aimee老师报名吧！我们在策马（南京）等着你哦！

———— / END / ————

往期精彩

▪ 策马国际翻译硕士教育展（英/美/澳/港校一站通）11月24日为你而来！

▪【免费MTI择校预约】专家为你推荐目标院校、量身定制复习计划！

▪ 强行翻译最为致命！你见过哪些啼笑皆非的翻译？

▪ 讲座 | 大咖来了！国际会议口译员协会AIIC会员詹成带你玩转口译！

▪ 伦敦口译召集令：1月赴联合国口译实习！