你忘记的重阳习俗,我们帮你记起
农历九月九日是我国传统节日重阳节(The Double Ninth Festival),“九”在我国古数中既为“阳数”,又为“极数”。九月初九,日月皆逢九,故为“重九”,也称“重阳”。因“九九”与“久久”同音,有长久、长寿(longevity)之意。
那么大家知道在重阳节有哪些传统习俗(traditional customs)呢?
首当其冲便是赏菊了吧,菊是长寿之花,是文人们笔下凌霜不屈的象征。重阳又称菊花(chrysanthemum)节,赏菊也成了重阳节习俗的组成部分。宋代《东京梦华录》:“九月重阳,都下赏菊,有数种”。
由此留下的重阳赏菊诗句也是非常之多,比如王缙的“今日登高樽酒里,不知能有菊花无”,再比如李白的“菊花何太苦,遭此两重阳”,还比如白居易的“满园花菊郁金香,中有孤丛色似霜”,等等。
民间还有这样的歌谣“菊花黄,黄种强,菊花香,黄种康,九月九,饮菊酒,人共菊花醉重阳”。
重阳节还有一个习俗是登高(climbing),重阳节又称“登高节”,一般指登高山、登高塔。登高也不单是攀登,还要观赏山上的红叶野花,并饮酒作乐,使登高与饮宴结合起来。
孙思邈《千金方▪月令》中有述:“重阳节,必有看酒登高远眺,为时宴之游赏,以畅秋志。酒必采茱萸、菊以泛之,即醉而归。”
关于登高的民谣(folk music/rhyme/songs;ballad)也有不少,如“重阳节,又试话登高。究竟年年如是,有乜功劳?虽则系如画嘅秋山,游吓亦好,做乜偏要向往重阳个日,至晓得风骚......”还有如“九月九,个个都去登高,你睇个班嫩仔,走得气嘈嘈......”
在重阳节这一天人们还有佩茱萸(cornel)、簪菊花的习俗,古人认为佩茱萸可以驱邪辟灾(exorcise evil spirits),茱萸雅号(gracious name)“辟邪翁”,菊花又名“延寿客”。
此外,在重阳节还有放纸鸢、饮菊酒的习俗。“九月九,是重阳,放纸鹞,线爱长”,纸鹞就是我们现在所说的风筝(kite),北方人放风筝多集中在清明节时期,而南方人放风筝则集中在重阳节期间,广州、福建还一直保持着重阳节放风筝的习俗。
汉代就已有了菊花酒,直到明清,菊花酒依然盛行,是盛行的健身饮料。在古代,菊花酒被看作是重阳必饮,祛灾祈福的“吉祥酒”。
随着时间的流逝,这些传统习俗也逐渐被人们淡忘。但我们从小背过的有关重阳,有关菊花的诗句相信大部分都还是记得的,其实这些诗句的英文版也是别有韵味。
九月九日忆山东兄弟
唐 王维
独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。
遥知兄弟登高处,遍插茱萸少一人。
此诗原注:“时年十七。”说明这是王维十七时的作品。王维当时独自一人漂泊在洛阳与长安之间,他是蒲州(今山西永济)人,蒲州在华山东面,所以称故乡的兄弟为山东兄弟。九月九日是重阳节,中国有些地方有登高的习俗。《太平御览》卷三十二引《风土记》云:“俗于此日,以茱萸气烈成熟,尚此日,折萸房以插头,言辟热气而御初寒。”
【汉译英赏析】
On Double Ninth Day Thinking of My Brothers at Home
A lonely stranger in a strange land I'm cast,
Sore sick for my dears on every festive day.
By now my brothers must some heights have passed,
But a cornel wearer missing'll damp the play.
All alone in a foreign land,
I am twice as homesick on this day
When brothers carry dogwood up the mountain,
Each of them a branch—and my branch missing.
——bynner
Alone, a lonely stranger in a foreign land,
I doubly pine for kinsfolk on a holiday.
I know my brothers would, with dogwood spray in hand,
Climb up mountain and miss me so far away.
——许渊冲
醉花阴·薄雾浓云愁永昼
宋 李清照
薄雾浓云愁永昼,瑞脑销金兽。佳节又重阳,玉枕纱厨,半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后,有暗香盈袖。莫道不销魂,帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦。
薄雾弥漫,云层浓密,日子过得愁烦,龙脑香在金兽香炉中缭袅。又到了重阳佳节,卧在玉枕纱帐中,半夜的凉气刚将全身浸透。
在东篱边饮酒直到黄昏以后,淡淡的黄菊清香溢满双袖。莫要说清秋不让人伤神,西风卷起珠帘,帘内的人儿比那黄花更加消瘦。
【汉译英赏析】
Light mists and heavy clouds,
melancholy the long dreary day.
In the golden censer
the burning incense is dying away.
It is again time
for the lovely Double-Ninth Festival;
The coolness of midnight
penetrates my screen of sheer silk
and chills my pillow of jade.
After drinking wine at twilight
under the chrysanthemum hedge,
My sleeves are perfumed
by the fragrance of the plants.
Oh, I cannot say it is not endearing,
Only, when the west wind stir the curtain,
I see that I am more gracile
than the yellow flowers.
采桑子·重阳
毛泽东 1929年10月
人生易老天难老,岁岁重阳。今又重阳,战地黄花分外香。
一年一度秋风劲,不似春光。胜似春光,寥廓江天万里霜。
此词作于1929年重阳节,为当年阳历10月11日。毛泽东在闽西征途中,欣逢重阳佳节,触景生情,因成此词。诗情画意,最为浓郁。它写了泞秋的战地风光,写得那么鲜明爽朗;它表现了对自然和人生的看法,表现得那么豪迈乐观。天空海阔,气度恢宏。使人读过以后,毫无感到肃飒之气,而会受到无限鼓舞。
【汉译英赏析】
Nature does not grow old as fast as man;
Each year the double ninth comes round.
And now the double ninth comes round.
How sweet are the yellow flowers on the battleground!
See autumn reign with heavy winds once every year,
unlike springtime.
Far more sublime,
the boundless sky and waters blend with endless rime.
—— 许渊冲
Man ages too easily but heaven never gets old,
Double ninth comes yearly in the same mould.
This year’s double ninth would tell
the yellow flowers on the battlefield sweeter smell.
Every year in autumn the wind blows with might,
How different from the spring sight!
Yet in splendor the autumn could the spring defy
with its frosty and boundless water and sky.
(october 1929)
—— 辜正坤
Man ages all too easily, not nature:
Year by year the double ninth returns.
On this double ninth,
The yellow blooms on the battlefield smell sweeter.
Each year the autumn wind blows fierce,
Unlike spring’s splendour,
Yet surpassing spring’s splendour,
See the endless expanse of frosty sky and water.
——外文出版社1999年3月第一版的译文
秋登兰山寄张五
唐 孟浩然
北山白云里,隐者自怡悦。
相望试登高,心随雁飞灭。
愁因薄暮起,兴是清秋发。
时见归村人,沙行渡头歇。
天边树若荠,江畔洲如月。
何当载酒来,共醉重阳节。
面对北山岭上白云起伏霏霏,我这隐者自己能把欢欣品味。我试着登上高山是为了遥望,心情早就随着鸿雁远去高飞。
忧愁每每是薄暮引发的情绪,兴致往往是清秋招致的氛围。在山上时时望见回村的人们,走过沙滩坐在渡口憩息歇累。
远看天边的树林活象是荠菜,俯视江畔的沙洲好比是弯月。什么时候你能载酒到这里来,重阳佳节咱们开怀畅饮共醉。
【汉译英赏析】
On a northern peak among white clouds
You have found your hermitage of peace;
And now, as I climb this mountain to see you,
High with the wildgeese flies my heart.
The quiet dusk might seem a little sad
If this autumn weather were not so brisk and clear;
I look down at the river bank, with homeward-bound villagers
resting on the sand till the ferry returns;
There are trees at the horizon like a row of grasses
and against the river's rim an island like the moon
I hope that you will come and meet me, bringing a basket of wine --
And we'll celebrate together the mountain holiday.
本文由普特英语整理发布
图片来源于微博用户“中国书画诗词院”,画者见题字,侵权删。
告诉大家一个好消息~ 自从微信升级了新版本,大家可以置顶自己心水的公众号啦!操作办法就是:进入公众号——找到“置顶公众号”—— 开启。普特君无比盼望着被你置顶哟~
猜你喜欢
点击阅读原文,去普特英语听力网阅读本文,并获取更多精彩内容、下载更多实用资料!