面板数据中标准误的估计方法, 你确定用对了吗? 我们来比较一番!
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稿件:econometrics666@126.com
关于标准误,可以参看:1.回归标准误比R2更好,在拟合优度度量方面,2.啥时候使用聚类标准误, 以及数据聚类的修正方法? 3.在什么级别上标准误聚类, 个体, 县, 省或行业, 时间?
关于下方文字内容,作者:吴欣霓,英国牛津大学经济系,通信邮箱:xinniwu@outlook.com.
Mitchell A. Petersen, Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches, The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 435–480, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn053
In corporate finance and asset pricing empirical work, researchers are often confronted with panel data. In these data sets, the residuals may be correlated across firms or across time, and OLS standard errors can be biased. Historically, researchers in the two literatures have used different solutions to this problem. This paper examines the different methods used in the literature and explains when the different methods yield the same (and correct) standard errors and when they diverge. The intent is to provide intuition as to why the different approaches sometimes give different answers and give researchers guidance for their use.
当自变量或/和残差不存时间效应时,OLS标准误估计是正确的。
随着时间效应强度增加,OLS标注误低估正确标准误的程度增加。
对比OLS,聚类标准误估计值虽然准确很多,但较正确标准误还是偏低。偏差是由于此模拟数据集中只有10个时间簇(T=10), 远小于之前企业效应数据中但500个公司簇。为了探索簇数对聚类标准误估计准确度的影响,本文模拟了五千个观测值的数据集,其年数(或类集)的范围为5到100。在所有模拟中,自变量和残差的25%的变异性都来自时间效应(
)。聚类标准误差估计中的偏差随聚类数目的减少而降低,从T=5的27%降至T=40的3%,降至T=100的1%。
存在企业效应(Firm Effect)和时间效应(Time Effect)时的标准误差估计
结论
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