《JDE》| Shapiro & Mandelman： 发展中国家数字化、自动化的采用和劳动力市场

摘要：我们研究企业采用数字技术——自动化的先驱——如何影响发展中国家的劳动力市场结构和工人的产出。利用发展中国家的大样本，我们发现企业数字化采用率和自营率之间存在显著的负向关系。即使在控制了发展水平和与发展中国家独特就业结构相关的其他因素之后，这种关系仍然存在。相比之下，数字化采用和失业率之间没有联系。我们建立了一个失业、自营职业、企业内生因素和信息与通信技术(ICT)采用的模型，并表明技术采用成本(以及技术采用本身)与企业投入更多自营成本之间的积极联系，对于今后合理分析企业数字化采用与自营职业之间的实证关系至关重要。

关键词：信息和通信技术；自动化；劳动力搜寻成本；自营职业；失业；企业内生因素；发展中国家

Abstract: We study how digital adoption by firms—a precursor to automation—shapes the labor market structure and worker outcomes in developing countries. Using a large sample of developing countries, we document a strong and negative link between firm digital adoption and self-employment rates. This relationship persists even after controlling for the level of development and other factors associated with the distinct employment structure of developing countries. In contrast, there is no link between digital adoption and unemployment rates. We develop a model with equilibrium unemployment, self-employment, endogenous firm entry, and information-and-communications technology (ICT) adoption, and show that positive linkages between the cost of technology adoption (and therefore technology adoption itself) and salaried-firm entry costs are crucial for rationalizing the empirical relationship between firm digital adoption and self-employment.

Keywords: Information and communications technologies；Automation；Labor search frictions；Self-employment；Unemployment；Endogenous firm entry；Developing countries

《Journal of Development Economics》（JDE）最新影响因子2.649。发表有关经济发展各个方面的研究论文，是学界公认的发展经济学领域的顶级期刊。

原文链接：https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387821000353

————END