“全球绿色低碳经济之战”已打响(中英双语)
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编者按:中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长、中国金融学会绿色金融专业委员会秘书长王文,中国人民大学重阳金融研究院助理研究员刘锦涛12月17日在《中国银行保险报》发文表示,21世纪第3个十年绿色可持续经济低碳竞争将成为全球经济发展的主基调,“全球绿色低碳经济之战”已正式打响!本文删减英文版刊于12月15日《环球时报英文版》第63篇“变局”专栏。以下为文章的中英文版:
三个月前的9月,中国首次提出了“2060碳中和”目标,与2030年碳排放达峰共同组成“30·60目标”,标志着中国全面进入绿色低碳时代,以及“十四五”期间开启生态文明新征程。与此同时,欧盟、日本、韩国等主要经济体也在2020年相继宣布要在2050年前后实现“碳中和”,而其他近110个国家也都做出了同样的零碳承诺,这意味着21世纪第3个十年绿色可持续经济低碳竞争将成为全球经济发展的主基调,“全球绿色低碳经济之战”已正式打响!
各国提出“碳中和”目标
旨在建立全球低碳经济新格局
2020年3月,欧盟决定以立法形式明确到2050年实现“碳中和”;10月,韩国和日本也相继宣布2050年的“碳中和”目标。同时,11月美国当选总统拜登也承诺上台后促进美国重回《巴黎协定》并开展一系列清洁能源革命,努力争取也在21世纪中叶达成碳净零排放。各主要经济体与碳排放大国的“碳中和”目标使得全球经济将全面进入以低碳可持续发展为核心的国际新格局,并推动其他中小国家也加入到这场“低碳经济之战”的国际竞争之中。
11月21日至22日,G20峰会在沙特阿拉伯利雅得举办,各国领导人都提到了绿色转型,例如中国提出了清洁能源转型和沿海防洪设施建设、日本提出了太阳能电池和氢能技术、韩国提出了能源政策升级和提高绿色经济比重等。根据气候透明度组织近期发布的2020年《气候透明度报告》,今年G20国家与能源相关二氧化碳排放预计将比去年减少7.5%,这在一定程度上源于疫情带来的经济影响,但更离不开各国对于绿色发展的努力和重视。全球低碳新格局是一新战场,中国要这场世界低碳经济之战的博弈中找准机遇、发掘优势,不断促进互利共赢。
中国企业、地方被倒逼加快绿色转型
随着绿色发展理念的深入和国家对绿色项目的支持,越来越多的企业开始被倒逼在采购、生产、物流、销售等环节进行绿色升级转型,并融入数字化技术。不仅提高了生产效率、减少了环境影响,也提升了绿色项目对融资的吸引力,更有助于打造绿色产业链供应链。
总之,各地的地方绿色条例与新政正在不断推出,并总结地区发展经验,形成各自的地方特色,推动我国绿色金融体系的不断完善,为低碳经济新格局下绿色金融支持我国绿色发展提供规范与指导。
面对全球绿色低碳竞争格局
中国须占先机
在全球绿色低碳经济新格局之中,我国需要加强与主要经济体之间的国际合作与竞争,以促进互利共赢、共同应对全球气候变化为目标,打好这场“全球低碳经济之战”。面对竞争与挑战,中国在绿色发展与转型中需要注重以下几个方面:
本文英文版在 Global Times 的版面截图
以下为英文版
Many hard lessons ahead in great green economy gambit
By Wang Wen
The United Nations and relevant countries held the Climate Ambition Summit on Saturday to mark the fifth anniversary of the Paris Agreement and to further mobilize the international community to strengthen action and promote worldwide cooperation in the fight against climate change.
Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered a speech via video link at the summit, putting forward three proposals regarding global climate governance and making four further commitments to scale up China's determined contributions. The commitments include lowering its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by over 65 percent from the 2005 level, and increasing the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption. They also involve increasing forest stock volume, and enhancing wind and solar power.
China, in September, for the first time, put forward a goal of achieving carbon neutrality before 2060, and peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030. It also vowed to launch a new journey of ecological civilization as part of its 14th Five-Year plan (2021-25). The nation has thus entered a green and low-carbon era.
Some other countries have also made efforts in this field. The European Commission in March presented a proposal to enshrine in legislation the EU's political commitment to be climate neutral by 2050. Japan and South Korea in October set the goal of being carbon neutral by 2050 as well. US president-elect Joe Biden pledged to re-join the Paris Agreement and proposed to have the US achieve net zero carbon emissions by the middle of the century.
The goal of carbon neutrality will enable the global economy to enter a new international pattern with low carbon and sustainable development as the core. It will also promote other small and medium-sized countries to participate in the "battle for low-carbon economy." So far, more than 110 countries have committed to becoming carbon neutral by 2050.
This means that the green sustainable and low-carbon competition will become the main keynote for the third decade of 21st century. The establishment of a new pattern of low carbon will bring about the fresh layout of industry, as well as new markets. Among them, the most promising one is the international carbon financial market, which includes various instruments, such as carbon emissions trading, carbon securities and carbon derivatives. This fully meets the financing and risk management requirements for global green development.
The new economic construct and ensuing competition over the goal of carbon neutrality will bring about large demands for investment and capital. Against this backdrop, the carbon market will be promoted into a new market with similar scale and status to existing markets: stock, foreign currency and derivative products. Meanwhile, active efforts of countries are needed to set new rules and new standards that will fit this new market.
During the G20 summit on November 21-22 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, many heads of states discussed green transitions. For example, China put forward talking points regarding clean energy transition and the construction of coastal flood control facilities. Japan brought up solar cell and hydrogen technology ideas. South Korea underlined issues regarding the updating of energy policies, and increasing the status of green economy.
According to the Climate Transparency Report 2020 that was released in the second half of November, energy-related carbon emission of the G20 members is expected to be reduced by 7.5 percent in 2020. This was to some extent a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the meantime, this matter should not be overlooked: Many countries have attached importance to clean development while striving to achieve carbon neutral goals.
Surely, the goal of this green and low-carbon economy war is not to destroy a country or group - in contrast to all previous wars. Instead, it aims to save humankind itself. If the global temperatures are to rise again, the human race may face extinction in the next century.
Obviously, this worldwide campaign for low-carbon green economy is not about who can be fiercer, but about who is more determined to grab the opportunities and seek new advantages for the future of humanity so as to push forward win-win norms.
In the new battle, China is forced to become green. During the past five years, China has promoted green finance in an all-round way, almost from scratch. Though China has become the largest green financial market in the world, it still has a lot to learn about the global carbon and clean energy markets.
(The author is professor and executive dean of Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University of China. )
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// 人大重阳
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RDCY
中国人民大学重阳金融研究院(人大重阳)成立于2013年1月19日,是重阳投资董事长裘国根先生向母校捐赠并设立教育基金运营的主要资助项目。
作为中国特色新型智库,人大重阳聘请了全球数十位前政要、银行家、知名学者为高级研究员,旨在关注现实、建言国家、服务人民。目前,人大重阳下设7个部门、运营管理4个中心(生态金融研究中心、全球治理研究中心、中美人文交流研究中心、中俄人文交流研究中心)。近年来,人大重阳在金融发展、全球治理、大国关系、宏观政策等研究领域在国内外均具有较高认可度。
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