戴口罩有用吗？
面对说什么也不愿意戴口罩的固执长辈怎么办？
👇👇👇
One of the abiding images of any virus outbreak is people in surgical masks.
Using them to prevent infection is popular in many countries around the world, most notably China during the current coronavirus outbreak where they are also worn to protect against high pollution levels.
abiding
表示“（感情或记忆）持久的，永久的”，英文解释为“An abiding feeling or memory is one that you have had for a long time.”举个🌰：
My abiding memory is of him in the garden.
他在花园里的身影永远留在我的记忆中。
surgical masks 医用口罩；手术口罩；外科医生的口罩
Virologists are sceptical about their effectiveness against airborne viruses.
But there is some evidence to suggest the masks can help prevent hand-to-mouth transmissions.
virologist
virologist 表示“病毒学家，病毒学专家”，英文解释为“a specialist in virology”。
· virology：the branch of medicine concerned with the study of viruses and the diseases they cause 病毒学
· virus：A virus is a kind of germ that can cause disease. 病毒
-borne
表示“…传播的；…携带的；...承载的”，英文解释为“carried or moved by a particular thing”，如：air-borne 空气传播的，water-borne 水传播的，rocket-borne weapons 火箭运载武器。
此前在澳大利亚已射杀5000头骆驼一文中就有这么一句话：Helicopter-borne marksmen killed more than 5,000 camels in a five-day cull of feral herds that were threatening indigenous communities in drought-stricken areas of southern Australia, officials said Tuesday.
Surgical masks were first introduced into hospitals in the late 18th Century but they did not make the transition into public use until the Spanish flu outbreak in 1919 that went on to kill over 50 million people.
Dr David Carrington, of St George's, University of London, told BBC News "routine surgical masks for the public are not an effective protection against viruses or bacteria carried in the air", which was how "most viruses" were transmitted, because they were too loose, had no air filter and left the eyes exposed.
But they could help lower the risk of contracting a virus through the "splash" from a sneeze or a cough and provide some protection against hand-to-mouth transmissions.
contract
熟词僻义，作动词，表示“患上，感染（疾病）”，英文解释为“to catch or become ill with a disease”举个🌰：
He contracted malaria while he was travelling.
他旅行时染上了疟疾。
splash
表示“溅上的液体；洒上的液体”，英文解释为“a small amount of a liquid that has fallen or been dropped”举个🌰：
There were several splashes of white paint on the carpet.
地毯上溅有几点白色的油漆。
A 2016 study from New South Wales suggested people touched their faces about 23 times an hour.
Jonathan Ball, professor of molecular virology at the University of Nottingham, said: "In one well controlled study in a hospital setting, the face mask was as good at preventing influenza infection as a purpose-made respirator."
*influenze=flu，更正式。
respirator
表示“防毒面具”，英文解释为“a device worn over the mouth and nose to prevent harmful substances from being breathed in”举个🌰：
The firefighters wore respirators to help them breathe in the smoke-filled house.
消防员戴上防毒面具以便能在烟雾弥漫的房中呼吸。
Respirators, which tend to feature a specialised air filter, are specifically designed to protect against potentially hazardous airborne particles.
hazardous
表示“危险的，有害的”，英文解释为“dangerous”，如：a hazardous journey/occupation 危险的旅行/职业。
"However, when you move to studies looking at their effectiveness in the general population, the data is less compelling - it's quite a challenge to keep a mask on for prolonged periods of time," Prof Ball added.
compelling
表示“（理由、论证等）令人信服的，很有说服力的”，英文解释为“If a reason, argument, etc. is compelling, it makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong.”如：compelling evidence 强有力的证据，举个🌰：
It's a fairly compelling argument for going.
去的理由很有说服力。
Dr Connor Bamford, of the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, at Queen's University Belfast, said "implementing simple hygiene measures" was vastly more effective.
hygiene
hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ 不可数名词，表示“卫生”，英文解释为“the practice of keeping yourself and your living and working areas clean in order to prevent illness and disease”，如：food hygiene 食品卫生，personal hygiene 个人卫生。
"Covering your mouth while sneezing, washing your hands, and not putting your hands to your mouth before washing them, could help limit the risk of catching any respiratory virus," he said.
respiratory
表示“呼吸的”，英文解释为“relating to breathing”举个🌰：
Smoking can cause respiratory diseases.
吸烟会导致呼吸系统疾病。
The NHS says the best way to avoid catching viruses such as flu is to:
· regularly wash your hands with warm water and soap
· avoid touching your eyes and nose wherever possible
· maintain a fit and healthy lifestyle
Dr Jake Dunning, head of emerging infections and zoonoses at Public Health England, said: "Although there is a perception that the wearing of facemasks may be beneficial, there is in fact very little evidence of widespread benefit from their use outside of these clinical setting."
zoonoses
zoonoses是zoonosis的复数形式，zoonosis /zəʊˈɒnəsɪs, ˌzəʊəˈnəʊsɪs/ 表示“动物病，动物传染病，动物传染给人的疾病”，英文解释为“any infection or disease that is transmitted to man from lower vertebrates”。
He said masks had to be worn correctly, changed frequently and got rid of safely if they were to work properly.
"Research also shows that compliance with these recommended behaviours reduces over time when wearing facemasks for prolonged periods," he added. People would be better to focus on good personal and hand hygiene if they are concerned, Dr Dunning said.
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