新冠肺炎英文简称NCP
新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎统一称谓为“新型冠状病毒肺炎”，简称“新冠肺炎”，英文名为“Novel coronavirus pneumonia”，简称为“NCP”。
What is a coronavirus?
WIRED
Coronaviruses are a family of hundreds of viruses that can cause fever, respiratory problems, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms too. The 2019 novel coronavirus, which is probably why you’re reading this right now, is one of seven members of this family known to infect humans, and the third in the past three decades to jump from animals to humans. A pneumonia-like disease, the 2019 novel coronavirus has caused a global health emergency, sickened more than 31,000 people worldwide, and killed nearly 650 so far.
a family of
表示“（动植物）科；（尤指语言）语族”，英文解释为“a group of related animals and plants; a group of related things, especially languages”举个🌰：
Lions belong to the cat family.
狮属于猫科。
respiratory
表示“呼吸的”，英文解释为“connected with breathing”，如：the respiratory system 呼吸系统，respiratory diseases 呼吸道疾病。
gastrointestinal
gastrointestinal /ˌɡæstrəʊɪnˈtɛstɪnəl/ 表示“肠胃的”，英文解释为“Gastrointestinal means relating to the stomach and intestines.”
jump from...to...
表示“突然改变，突然转换（话题、题目）”，英文解释为“to change suddenly from one subject to another”举个🌰：
The story then jumps from her childhood in New York to her first visit to London.
故事接着从她在纽约的童年一下子转到她第一次去伦敦访问。
pneumonia
pneumonia /njuːˈməʊnɪə/ 表示“肺炎”，英文解释为“Pneumonia is a serious disease that affects your lungs and makes it difficult for you to breathe.”
sicken
1）表示“患病；生病”，英文解释为“to become ill/sick”举个🌰：
He hasn't eaten all day—she must be sickening for something.
他一天没吃饭了—她一定是哪儿不舒服了。
2）表示“使厌恶”，英文解释为“If something sickens you, it makes you feel disgusted.”举个🌰：
The notion that art should be controlled by intellectuals sickened him.
艺术应该由知识分子掌控的观念使他很厌恶。
Coronaviruses are divided into four genera: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. These little invaders are zoonotic, meaning they can spread between animals and humans; gamma and delta coronaviruses mostly infect birds, while alpha and beta mostly reside in mammals.
genera
genus的复数形式，表示“（尤指动植物的）属”，英文解释为“A genus is a class of similar things, especially a group of animals or plants that includes several closely related species.”如：a genus of plants called Sinningia 大岩桐属植物。
zoonotic
表示“动物传染病的；人畜共患的”，英文解释为“used to refer to a disease that can spread from animals to humans”，举个🌰：
Rabies is perhaps the best-known and most feared of all zoonotic diseases.
Researchers first isolated human coronaviruses in the 1960s, and for a long time they were considered pretty mild. Mostly, if you got a coronavirus, you’d end up with a cold. But the most famous coronaviruses are the ones that jumped from animals to humans. In 2003, one moved from bats to humans and caused the Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome pandemic—SARS. And it happened again in 2012 with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS.
isolate
表示“使离析”，英文解释为“To isolate a substance means to obtain it by separating it from other substances using scientific processes.”举个🌰：
We can use genetic engineering techniques to isolate the gene that is responsible.
我们可以用遗传工程技术将起作用的基因离析出来。
Coronaviruses are made up of one strip of RNA, and that genetic material is surrounded by a membrane studded with little spike proteins. (Under a microscope, those proteins stick up in a ring around the top of the virus, giving it its name—“corona” is Latin for “crown.”) When the virus gets into the body, those spike proteins attach to host cells, and the virus injects that RNA into the cell’s nucleus, hijacking the replication machinery there to make more virus. Infection ensues.
membrane
membrane /ˈmɛmbreɪn/ 表示“膜”，英文解释为“A membrane is a thin piece of skin that connects or covers parts of a person's or animal's body.”如：inflammation of the thin membrane that lines the heart 心膜发炎。
studded with
表示“布满…的，点缀着…的”，英文解释为“If something is studded with many objects of the same type, those objects are arranged regularly across it, or across the surface of it.”举个🌰：
She looked up at the black, velvety sky studded with tiny, twinkling stars.
她抬头看着漆黑的、丝绒般的天空，闪闪繁星点缀其中。
stick up
表示“竖立；向上突出”，英文解释为“to point upwards or be above a surface”举个🌰：
The branch was sticking up out of the water.
树枝从水下伸了出来。
host cells
host cells 宿主细胞，host表示“（寄生动植物的）寄主，宿主”，英文解释为“an animal or a plant on which another animal or plant lives and feeds.”
nucleus
nucleus /ˈnjuːklɪəs/ 1）表示“（原子或细胞）核”，英文解释为“The nucleus of an atom or cell is the central part of it.”举个🌰：
Neutrons and protons are bound together in the nucleus of an atom.
在一个原子的核内，中子和质子聚合在一起。
2）表示“核心”，英文解释为“The nucleus of a group of people or things is the small number of members which form the most important part of the group.”举个🌰：
They form the nucleus of the team.
他们诺形成了这个团队的核心。
ensue
表示“随即发生”，英文解释为“If something ensues, it happens immediately after another event, usually as a result of it.”举个🌰：
If the Europeans did not reduce subsidies, a war would ensue.
如果欧洲不减少补贴，战争将随即爆发。
The severity of that infection depends on a couple factors. One is what part of the body the virus tends to latch on to. Less serious types of coronavirus, like the ones that cause the common cold, tend to attach to cells higher up in the respiratory tract—places like your nose or throat. But their more gnarly relatives attach in the lungs and bronchial tubes, causing more serious infections. The MERS virus, for example, binds to a protein found in the lower respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract, so that, in addition to causing respiratory problems, the virus also often causes kidney failure.
tract
1）表示“（体内的）道”，英文解释为“A tract is a system of organs and tubes in an animal's or person's body that has a particular function, especially the function of processing a substance in the body.”举个🌰：
Foods are broken down in the digestive tract.
食物在消化道内被分解。
2）表示“大片”，英文解释为“A tract of land is a very large area of land.”举个🌰：
A vast tract of land is ready for development.
一大片土地正待开发。
3）表示“短文”，英文解释为“A tract is a short article expressing a strong opinion on a religious, moral, or political subject in order to try to influence people's attitudes.”
gnarly
gnarly /ˈnɑːlɪ/ 同gnarled，1）表示“扭曲的；奇形怪状的”，英文解释为“A gnarled tree is twisted and strangely shaped because it is old.”如：a large and beautiful garden full of ancient gnarled trees 一座长满各种形状的古树的大型美丽花园。
2）表示“苍老的（有皱纹的或驼背的）”，英文解释为“A person who is gnarled looks very old because their skin has lines on it or their body is bent. If someone has gnarled hands, their hands are twisted as a result of old age or illness.”如：gnarled old men 驼背老人。
relative
表示“亲缘物种；同源事物”，英文解释为“If one animal, plant, language, or invention is a relative of another, they have both developed from the same type of animal, plant, language, or invention.”举个🌰：
The pheasant is a close relative of the guinea hen.
这种雉鸡和这种珍珠鸡是亲缘物种。
The other thing that contributes to the severity of the infection is the proteins the virus produces. Different genes mean different proteins; more virulent coronaviruses may have spike proteins better at latching onto human cells. Some coronaviruses produce proteins that can fend off the immune system, and when patients have to mount even larger immune responses, they get sicker.
virulent
表示“致命的”，英文解释为“A virulent disease or poison is extremely powerful and dangerous.”举个🌰：
A very virulent form of the disease appeared in Belgium.
该疾病的一种极其致命形式在比利时出现。
spike
表示“尖头，尖刺；（尤指金属的）尖状物”，英文解释为“a narrow, thin shape with a sharp point at one end, or something, especially a piece of metal, with this shape”举个🌰：
Some types of dinosaur had sharp spikes on their tails.
有些种类的恐龙尾部有锋利的尖突。
spike proteins 刺突蛋白
latch onto
表示“黏附在…上”，英文解释为“If one thing latches onto another, or if it latches on, it attaches itself to it and becomes part of it.”举个🌰：
These are substances which specifically latch onto the protein on the cell membrane.
这些是专门黏附在细胞膜蛋白质上的物质。
fend off
1）表示“避开”，英文解释为“If you fend off unwanted questions, problems, or people, you stop them from affecting you or defend yourself from them, but often only for a short time and without dealing with them completely.”举个🌰：
He looked relaxed and determined as he fended off questions from the world's Press.
他在回避世界媒体的问题时显得气定神闲。
2）表示“挡住（攻击）”，英文解释为“If you fend off someone who is attacking you, you use your arms or something such as a stick to defend yourself from their blows.”举个🌰：
He raised his hand to fend off the blow.
他抬起手挡住了那一击。
mount
表示“准备；安排；组织；开展，发动”，英文解释为“If you mount a campaign or event, you organize it and make it take place.”举个🌰：
The National Gallery mounted an exhibition of American painting.
国家美术馆举办了美国画展。
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2015年2月8日
2020年2月8日
第1827天
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