提前毕业！意大利约1万名医学生免除考试投入抗疫一线

LearnAndRecord 2022-07-26

近日，意大利教育部门宣布让约1万名医学院毕业生免除从业资格的强制性考试，提前8-9个月参加工作，以投入抗疫一线填补医院人员空缺。

Coronavirus cases in Italy continue to soar

Italy rushes new doctors into service as coronavirus deaths rise above 2,500

Reuters

Italy will rush 10,000 student doctors into service, scrapping their final exams, in an effort to help the struggling health service cope with the coronavirus which claimed another 345 lives.

rush

1）表示“迅速送”，英文解释为“If you rush someone or something to a place, you take them there quickly.”举个🌰：

They had rushed him to a hospital for a lifesaving operation.

他们迅速送他到了医院进行急救手术。

2）表示“（使）仓促行事，匆忙行事，做事草率”，英文解释为“to do sth or to make sb do sth without thinking about it carefully”举个🌰：

We don't want to rush into having a baby.

我们不急着要孩子。

scrap

1）表示“废弃；取消；抛弃；报废”，英文解释为“to cancel or get rid of sth that is no longer practical or useful”举个🌰：

They had been forced to scrap plans for a new school building.

他们已被迫撤销了建筑新校舍的计划。

2）表示“打架”，英文解释为“to fight with sb”举个🌰：

The bigger boys started scrapping.

年龄较大的男孩打了起来。

claim

表示“夺走（生命）”，英文解释为“If you say that a war, disease, or accident claims someone's life, you mean that they are killed in it or by it.”举个🌰：

The war claimed the life of a U.N. interpreter.

战争夺走了一位联合国译员的生命。

The death toll rose to 2,503 over the past 24 hours, the Civil Protection Agency said, while the total number of confirmed cases increased to 31,506 from a previous 27,980.

toll

1）表示“（战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏；伤亡人数”，英文解释为“the amount of damage or the number of deaths and injuries that are caused in a particular war, disaster, etc.”举个🌰：

The official death toll has now reached 10,000.

官方公布的死亡人数现已达10000人。

2）表示“（道路、桥梁的）通行费”，英文解释为“money that you pay to use a particular road or bridge ”举个🌰：

Most people who drive the toll roads don't use them every day.

大部分开车上收费公路的人不是每天都走公路。

3）表示“（缓慢而有规律的）钟声”，英文解释为“the sound of a bell ringing with slow regular strokes.”

Prepaid tolls only/ Pay toll

The crisis has pushed hospitals to breaking point at the epicenter of the contagion in northern Italy and left other regions scrambling to strengthen their own health systems as the number of infected rises nationwide.

breaking point

表示“（问题难以遏制的）顶点，极限；爆发点；失控点”，英文解释为“the time when problems become so great that a person, an organization or a system can no longer deal with them”，如：to be at/to reach breaking point 处于/达到极限，举个🌰：

The situation reached breaking point when his son crashed the family car.

当他儿子撞坏了家里的汽车时，事情终于暴发了。

Her nerves were at breaking point.

她的神经快要崩溃了。

epicenter

原意表示“（地震）震中；（原子弹爆炸的）中心，爆炸点”，英文解释为“the point on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake or atomic explosion”，也用来表示“中心；中枢”，比如“the epicenter of world finance”。

contagion

1）不可数名词，表示“传染”，英文解释为“Contagion is the spreading of a particular disease by someone touching another person who is already affected by the disease.”举个🌰：

They have been reluctant to admit AIDS patients, in part because of unfounded fears of contagion.

他们一直不愿意接收艾滋病人，部分原因是因为毫无根据对传染的恐惧。

2）可数名词，表示“接触性传染病”，英文解释为“a disease that can be spread by people touching each other”。

scramble

1）表示“仓促行动”，英文解释为“If you scramble to a different place or position, you move there in a hurried, awkward way.”举个🌰：

He threw back the covers and scrambled out of bed.

他掀开被子，急忙下了床。

2）表示“争夺”，英文解释为“If a number of people scramble for something, they compete energetically with each other for it.”举个🌰：

More than three million fans are expected to scramble for tickets.

预计会有三百万以上的歌迷抢购门票。

此前在刘德华演唱会中途取消向现场观众含泪鞠躬道歉一文中就有出现相关表达：Fans could only scramble for the highly sought-after tickets via online and mobile platforms, ...

3）表示“攀爬”，英文解释为“If you scramble over rocks or up a hill, you move quickly over them or up it using your hands to help you.”举个🌰：

Tourists were scrambling over the rocks looking for the perfect camera angle.

旅行者们爬上岩石，寻找最完美的拍摄角度。

4）表示“炒 (蛋)”，英文解释为“If you scramble eggs, you break them, mix them together and then cook them in butter.”举个🌰：

Make the toast and scramble the eggs.

烤面包，炒鸡蛋。

“Lombardy is on the point of collapse. All the intensive care beds and respirators are being used,” said Matteo Salvini, head of the League party which governs the wealthy region.

注：此处on the point of collapse，在崩溃、瘫痪的边缘，可以说和上文提到的医院已经到了breaking point 临界点、极限、失控点，相互呼应。(The crisis has pushed hospitals to breaking point at the epicenter of the contagion.)

respirator

1）表示“呼吸机；人工呼吸器”，英文解释为“A respirator is a device that allows people to breathe when they cannot breathe naturally, for example because they are ill or have been injured. ”举个🌰：

She was so ill that she was put on a respirator.

她病得非常严重，被戴上了人工呼吸器。

补充：

类似的词有ventilator /ˈvɛntɪˌleɪtə/，表示“人工呼吸器”，英文解释为“A ventilator is a machine that helps people breathe when they cannot breathe naturally, for example,because they are very ill or have been seriously injured.”

2）表示“防毒面具”，英文解释为“A respirator is a device you wear over your mouth and nose in order to breathe when you are surrounded by smoke or poisonous gas.”举个🌰：

It's smart to use a respirator if you're working with paint.

如果你工作时要使用油漆，戴上防毒面具会是明智之举。

A potentially dangerous development is the rise in cases in the province of Milan, up by 343 in the last 24 hours to 2,326.

The 17% rise compares with a much smaller increase of 11% in Lombardy as a whole.

The epidemic has so far taken a relatively light toll on Italy’s main cities, but there are now 964 confirmed cases in the densely populated financial capital which numbers 1.4 million residents.

epidemic

表示“流行病”，英文解释为“a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community”，如：the outbreak of a flu epidemic 流感的爆发。

但其实现在很多文章都是采用pandemic这一说法，表示“（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病”，英文解释为“a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world ”。

take a/its toll

take its/a toll，1月份在J姐分手一文中就提到Specifically, the death of two of their beloved dogs last year took a toll on their collective mental health.

take a toll表示“造成损失（或伤亡、破坏）；产生负面影响”，英文解释为“If something takes its/a toll, it causes suffering, deaths, or damage.”举个🌰：

The problems of the past few months have taken their toll on her health and there are shadows under her eyes.

过去几个月里的问题影响了她的健康，她眼睛出现了黑眼圈。

Lombardy’s health chief said it was vital that the Milanese strictly observe all the curbs on movement laid down by the government “to prevent the contagion growing much more strongly in a very populous area like Milan”.

observe

表示“遵从”，英文解释为“If you observe something such as a law or custom, you obey it or follow it. ”举个🌰：

Imposing speed restrictions is easy, but forcing drivers to observe them is trickier.

实行速度限制容易，而迫使司机遵守较难。

curb

表示“控制；限制”，英文解释：something that controls and puts limits on sth，举个🌰：

He called for much stricter curbs on immigration.

他呼吁对移民实行更为严格的限制。

lay down

1）表示“制定”，英文解释为“If rules or people in authority lay down what people should do or must do, they officially state what they should or must do.”举个🌰：

Not all companies lay down written guidelines and rules.

不是所有的公司都制定书面的准则和条例。

2）表示“放下”，英文解释为“If someone lays down their weapons, they stop fighting a battle or war and make peace. If you lay something down, you put it down, usually because you have finished using it.”举个🌰：

The drug-traffickers have offered to lay down their arms.

贩毒分子已经主动要放下武器。

He finished the article and laid the newspaper down on his desk.

他看完了那篇文章就把报纸放在了他的桌子上。

University Minister Gaetano Manfredi said the government would let this year’s medicine graduates start work some eight or nine months ahead of schedule and waive the mandatory exams they normally sit before qualifying.

waive /weɪv/

替换了上文的scrap词，1）表示“放弃（权利）”，英文解释为“If you waive your right to something, such as legal representation, you choose not to have it or do it.”举个🌰：

He pleaded guilty to the murders of three boys and waived his right to appeal.

他对杀害了3个男孩的罪行表示认罪伏法，并放弃上诉的权利。

2）表示“放弃（规则）”，英文解释为“If someone waives a rule, they say that people do not have to obey it in a particular situation.”举个🌰：

The art gallery waives admission charges on Sundays.

美术馆星期天免费开放。

sit

1）熟词僻义，表示“参加考试；应试”，英文解释为“ ( rather formal ) to do an exam”举个🌰：

Candidates will sit the examinations in June.

考生将在六月参加考试。

2）表示“（议会、委员会、法庭等）开会；开庭”，英文解释为“(of a parliament, committee, court of law, etc.) to meet in order to do official business”举个🌰：

Parliament sits for less than six months of the year.

议会一年的开会时间不足六个月。

“This means immediately releasing into the National Health System the energy of about 10,000 doctors, which is fundamental to dealing with the shortage that our country is suffering,” he said in a statement.

energy

1）表示“精力”，英文解释为“Energy is the ability and strength to do active physical things and the feeling that you are full of physical power and life.”举个🌰：

He was saving his energy for next week's race.

他正为下周举行的比赛养精蓄锐。

2）表示“干劲”，英文解释为“Energy is determination and enthusiasm about doing things.”举个🌰：

You have drive and energy for those things you are interested in.

你对那些你感兴趣的事情有动力、有干劲。

The graduates will be sent to work in general practitioners’ clinics and at old peoples’ homes, freeing up more experienced colleagues who will be sent to the rapidly filling hospitals.

free up

表示“使可用（于某目的）”，英文解释为“to make sb/sth available for a particular purpose”举个🌰：

The government has promised to free up more resources for education.

政府保证调拨更多资源用于教育。

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