白色口罩易引发皮肤问题？
今天，CCTV 4新闻国际频道的一则消息引发热议：“烈日之下，很多人因为长时间佩戴口罩出现了各种各样的皮肤问题。韩媒提醒，很多口罩无法切断紫外线，佩戴时需要严密做好防晒措施。特别是白色口罩，如果没有贴紧佩戴，会反射光线，导致眼睛和鼻子周围出现黑痣或雀斑，需要格外注意。”
没有找到相关的外媒报道，我们来看看佩戴口罩时如何做好护肤工作？
无注释原文：
Face Off: How to care for your skin while wearing a face mask
Independent
The ongoing coronavirus crisis has already impacted so many elements of our daily lives but as we take the initial first steps towards coming out of lockdown, more adjustments are going to have to be made.
The latest of which involves wearing a face covering on public transport and in places where it is difficult to stay two metres apart from people outside of your household, such as your weekly trip to the supermarket.
Whether you decide to make your own cloth covering at home or buy a mask online, you are likely to soon discover that, in addition to keeping you safe, face masks can cause some less than desirable and uncomfortable side effects when it comes to your skin.
Since the beginning of the pandemic, news stories and social media feeds have been filled with images of health care workers who are dealing with skin problems caused by wearing medical grade masks for hours on end, with many seeing increases in breakouts, rashes, and skin irritation. And while wearing a cloth face covering will cause nowhere near the levels of discomfort experienced by frontline workers, for some having to wear a mask can result in flare ups and aggravate pre-existing skin conditions.
According to leading dermatologist Dr Anil Budh-Raja, face coverings can cause a multitude of problems for the skin, including rashes due to friction from rubbing, acne and eczema.
“If any part of the mask touches active acne, this can also aggravate the acne and create more inflamed spots, while severe eczema and psoriasis can also worsen,” he explains, adding that edges of poor quality masks may also be sharp or abrasive and can cause substantial irritation, sores, or even cuts.
Dr Anjali Mahto, consultant dermatologist and author of The Skincare Bible, agrees, adding that wearing masks can lead to an accumulation of sweat, which can lead to blocked pores.
Here, The Independent speaks to two leading dermatologists to find out how wearing a face covering might be affecting your complexion and what you can do to help keep your skin clear and healthy.
①Making your own mask? Some fabrics are better than others
The good news is, there are a number of things you can do to prevent your face mask from causing any damage to your skin.
Firstly, it is important to consider the material that your mask is made from, says Dr Budh-Raja. Unless you are a healthcare worker on the frontline, the government recommends wearing a cloth face covering (so that N95 and surgical masks can be reserved for those who really need them).
Ideally, these should be made from tightly woven cotton instead of synthetic fabric, as they will feel more breathable and softer on the skin. If you’re using a homemade cloth face mask, you should also wash it regularly, as it may be absorbing your skin’s natural oils which could lead to breakouts.
② Prevention is better than cure
To help minimise the effects of wearing a face mask, you could also consider using an ointment or salve to protect sensitive areas from friction or chafing, Dr Mahto says. Similarly, it can be beneficial to apply a barrier cream or petrolatum jelly, such as Aquaphor or Vaseline, as an occlusive to cover up broken areas of skin overnight.
③ Change up your skincare routine
For day-to-day care, she also stresses the importance of ensuring your skin is properly hydrated as this will help improve the barrier function of the skin. To prevent your skin from drying out, stick to unscented or fragrance-free cleansers like La Roche Posay’s Toleriane Dermo Cleanser or Cerave’s Hydrating Cleanser.
While it can be tempting to cleanse immediately before and after wearing a face mask, Dr Mahto says it is best to limit yourself to cleansing twice a day, once in the morning and evening, as any more can lead to further dryness, irritation, and redness, especially for those with dry, sensitive or mature skin types.
- ◆ -
含注释全文：
Face Off: How to care for your skin while wearing a face mask
Independent
The ongoing coronavirus crisis has already impacted so many elements of our daily lives but as we take the initial first steps towards coming out of lockdown, more adjustments are going to have to be made.
正在发生的冠状病毒危机已经影响到我们日常生活中的许多方面，但随着我们迈出解除封锁的第一步，我们将不得不做出更多的调整。
The latest of which involves wearing a face covering on public transport and in places where it is difficult to stay two metres apart from people outside of your household, such as your weekly trip to the supermarket.
其中最新的一项是在公共交通工具上以及在很难与家庭以外的人保持两米距离的地方戴上口罩，比如每周去超市的时候。
Whether you decide to make your own cloth covering at home or buy a mask online, you are likely to soon discover that, in addition to keeping you safe, face masks can cause some less than desirable and uncomfortable side effects when it comes to your skin.
无论你是决定在家自制布面罩，还是在网上购买口罩，你可能很快就会发现，它除了能保护自己的安全外，在皮肤方面也会造成一些不良且令人不适的副作用。
Since the beginning of the pandemic, news stories and social media feeds have been filled with images of health care workers who are dealing with skin problems caused by wearing medical grade masks for hours on end, with many seeing increases in breakouts, rashes, and skin irritation. And while wearing a cloth face covering will cause nowhere near the levels of discomfort experienced by frontline workers, for some having to wear a mask can result in flare ups and aggravate pre-existing skin conditions.
自疫情开始以来，新闻报道和社交媒体上充斥着医护人员因连续数小时佩戴医用口罩而引发皮肤问题的图片，其中许多人皮疹和皮肤刺激增多。虽然戴布面罩造成的不适程度远不及一线工作者，但对于一些不得不戴口罩的人来说，可能会导致病情复发、加重原有的皮肤问题。
feed
feed一词，不知道你有没有听过“Feed流”或者“信息流”这样的说法，熟悉互联网行业的人可能会比较了解，指的就是持续向用户提供内容更新的信息流服务，比如朋友圈（Moments），微博，抖音的形式，你可以以时间线或者兴趣度一条一条地往下刷或者说阅读。可以看下Web feed或者News feed的英文解释：a data format used for providing users with frequently updated content.
on end
1）表示“竖着；直立着”，英文解释为“in a vertical position”举个🌰：
It'll fit if you stand it on end.
如果把它竖着就放得进去了。
2）表示“连续地；不断地”，英文解释为“for the stated length of time, without stopping”举个🌰：
He would disappear for weeks on end.
他常常是连续几周不见人影。
breakout
1）表示“越狱”，英文解释为“If there has been a breakout, someone has escaped from prison.”举个🌰：
He is thought to have planned a prison breakout of militants suspected of the July bombing.
他被认为曾经策划了7月轰炸事件的嫌疑武力份子的越狱。
2）韦氏词典（Merriam-Webster）中给出了一个解释：an eruption or inflammation of the skin. 貌似特指皮肤炎症的爆发。
3）动词短语break out本身有“（战争、疾病等）爆发”的含义，breakout作名词查到也有类似的意思，可以理解为疾病的突然发作，增加，爆发（A sudden manifestation or increase, as of a disease; an outbreak.）
4）动词短语break out in a rash/sweat表示“突然开始出现（疹子、冒汗）”，英文解释为“If you break out in a rash or a sweat, a rash or sweat appears on your skin.”举个🌰：
She broke out in a rash after eating some strawberries.
她吃完草莓后身上突然开始出红疹。
📍 你觉得此处怎么解释更好呢？
rash
1）作形容词，表示“轻率的”，英文解释为“If someone is rash or does rash things, they act without thinking carefully first, and therefore make mistakes or behave foolishly.”举个🌰：
It would be rash to rely on such evidence.
依靠这样的证据太轻率了。
2）作可数名词，表示“疹子”，英文解释为“A rash is an area of red spots that appears on your skin when you are ill or have a bad reaction to something that you have eaten or touched.”
irritation
1）表示“恼怒”，英文解释为“Irritation is a feeling of annoyance, especially when something is happening that you cannot easily stop or control.”举个🌰：
He tried not to let his irritation show as he blinked in the glare of the television lights.
在对着耀眼的电视光线眨眼时，他竭力不把自己的恼怒表现出来。
2）表示“恼人的事”，英文解释为“An irritation is something that keeps annoying you.”举个🌰：
Don't allow a minor irritation in the workplace to mar your ambitions.
不要让工作场所中一件烦人的小事把你远大的抱负破坏了。
3）表示“刺激”，英文解释为“Irritation in a part of your body is a feeling of slight pain and discomfort there.”举个🌰：
These oils may cause irritation to sensitive skins.
这几种油可能会对敏感皮肤有刺激。
flare up
表示“突发；恶化；（尤指）复发”，英文解释为“A sudden painful attack, especially after a period without any problems or pain；If there is a flare-up of violence or of an illness, it suddenly starts or gets worse. ”如：a flare-up of tension between the two sides 双方剑拔弩张，a flare-up of the bushfires 林区大火的猛燃。
📺美剧《破产姐妹》（Broke Girls）第4季中的台词提到：No matter what you do, it's gonna flare up once a year. 无论你怎么防范，它每年都会卷土重来一次。
aggravate
aggravate /ˈæɡrəˌveɪt/ 表示“使恶化”，英文解释为“If someone or something aggravates a situation, they make it worse.”举个🌰：
Stress and lack of sleep can aggravate the situation.
紧张和缺少睡眠会使情况恶化。
🎬电影《卡推女王》（The Queen of Katwe）中的台词提到：Do you want to aggravate your old injury? 你想要旧伤复发吗？
According to leading dermatologist Dr Anil Budh-Raja, face coverings can cause a multitude of problems for the skin, including rashes due to friction from rubbing, acne and eczema.
据著名皮肤科医生Anil Budh-Raja博士介绍，口罩会给皮肤带来多种问题，包括因摩擦产生的皮疹、痤疮和湿疹。
dermatologist
dermatologist /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒɪst/ 表示“皮肤病学家”，英文解释为“A dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in the study of skin and the treatment of skin conditions and diseases.”
a multitude of
表示“大量”，英文解释为“A multitude of things or people is a very large number of them.”举个🌰：
There are a multitude of small, quiet roads to cycle along.
有多条可以骑自行车的僻静小路。
acne /ˈæknɪ/
不可数名词，表示“痤疮；粉刺”，英文解释为“a skin condition, common among young people, that produces many pimples (= spots), especially on the face and neck”。
📍eczema /ˈɛksɪmə, ɪˈgziː-/ Eczema is a skin condition that makes your skin itch and become sore, rough, and broken. 湿疹（不可数名词）
“If any part of the mask touches active acne, this can also aggravate the acne and create more inflamed spots, while severe eczema and psoriasis can also worsen,” he explains, adding that edges of poor quality masks may also be sharp or abrasive and can cause substantial irritation, sores, or even cuts.
他解释说：“如果口罩的任何部分接触到活性痤疮，也会加剧痤疮并产生更多的红肿粉刺，而严重的湿疹和银屑病也会恶化。”他还补充说，劣质口罩的边缘或尖锐或粗糙，也可能会造成严重刺激、疮伤甚至划伤。
inflamed
表示“红肿的；发炎的”，英文解释为“If part of your body is inflamed, it is red or swollen, usually as a result of an infection, injury, or illness.”举个🌰：
Symptoms include red, itchy and inflamed skin.
症状包括皮肤红肿、瘙痒和发炎。
spot
表示“（皮肤上的）丘疹，疱疹，粉刺；脓疱”，英文解释为“a small mark or lump on a person's skin, sometimes with a yellow head to it”举个🌰：
The baby's whole body was covered in small red spots.
当时这孩子浑身布满小红疙瘩。
abrasive
1）表示“粗鲁的”，英文解释为“Someone who has an abrasive manner is unkind and rude.”举个🌰：
His abrasive manner has won him an unenviable notoriety.
他粗鲁的态度已经为他招来了一个无可羡慕的恶名。
2）表示“有研磨作用的”，英文解释为“An abrasive substance is rough and can be used to clean hard surfaces.”如：a new all-purpose, non-abrasive cleaner that cleans and polishes all metals 一种可以清洁、抛光各种金属的万能无磨损新型清洁剂。
cut
表示“伤口；划口”，英文解释为“a wound caused by sth sharp”举个🌰：
Blood poured from the deep cut on his arm.
鲜血从他手臂上深深的伤口中涌出。
📍psoriasis /səˈraɪəsɪs/牛皮癣；银屑病，不可数名词（a skin disease that causes rough red areas where the skin comes off in small pieces）
Dr Anjali Mahto, consultant dermatologist and author of The Skincare Bible, agrees, adding that wearing masks can lead to an accumulation of sweat, which can lead to blocked pores.
皮肤科顾问、《护肤圣经（The Skincare Bible）》的作者Anjali Mahto博士也认为，戴口罩会造成汗液堆积，从而导致毛孔堵塞。
pore
1）名词，表示“毛孔”，英文解释为“Your pores are the tiny holes in your skin.”举个🌰：
The size of your pores is determined by the amount of oil they produce.
毛孔的大小取决于毛孔分泌油脂的多少。
2）动词短语，pore over/through表示“仔细研究”，英文解释为“If you pore over or through information, you look at it and study it very carefully.”举个🌰：
We spent hours poring over travel brochures.
我们花了几个小时仔细研究旅游宣传册。
🎬电影《指环王1》（The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring）中的台词提到：He spends hours and hours poring over old maps when he thinks I'm not looking. 他看我没注意的时候就会花上几个小时盯着旧地图。
Here, The Independent speaks to two leading dermatologists to find out how wearing a face covering might be affecting your complexion and what you can do to help keep your skin clear and healthy.
在这里，The Independent与两位著名的皮肤科医生进行了交流，以了解戴面罩可能会如何影响你的肤色，以及采取哪些措施有助于保持皮肤的清洁和健康。
complexion
complexion /kəmˈplɛkʃən/ 表示“面色；肤色；气色”，英文解释为“When you refer to someone's complexion, you are referring to the natural colour or condition of the skin on their face.”举个🌰：
She had short brown hair and a pale complexion.
她留棕色短发，面色苍白。
①Making your own mask? Some fabrics are better than others
制作自己的口罩？有些面料比其他面料更好
The good news is, there are a number of things you can do to prevent your face mask from causing any damage to your skin.
好消息是，你可以采取许多措施来防止口罩对皮肤造成任何损害。
Firstly, it is important to consider the material that your mask is made from, says Dr Budh-Raja. Unless you are a healthcare worker on the frontline, the government recommends wearing a cloth face covering (so that N95 and surgical masks can be reserved for those who really need them).
Budh-Raja博士说，首先，重要的是要考虑您的口罩的制造材料。除非您是在一线工作的医护人员，否则政府建议佩戴布制面罩（这样N95和外科口罩就可以留给真正需要的人）。
be reserved for
表示“预留”，英文解释为“If something is reserved for a particular person or purpose, it is kept specially for that person or purpose.”举个🌰：
A double room with a balcony overlooking the sea had been reserved for him.
一个带一座阳台的海景双人间已被预留给他了。
Ideally, these should be made from tightly woven cotton instead of synthetic fabric, as they will feel more breathable and softer on the skin. If you’re using a homemade cloth face mask, you should also wash it regularly, as it may be absorbing your skin's natural oils which could lead to breakouts.
理想情况下，它们应由紧密编织的棉花而不是合成纤维制成，因为它们在皮肤上感觉更透气、更柔软。如果你使用的是自制的布面罩，还应定期清洗，因为它可能会吸收皮肤的天然油脂，从而导致粉刺产生。
synthetic fabric
混合纤维/合成纤维
② Prevention is better than cure
To help minimise the effects of wearing a face mask, you could also consider using an ointment or salve to protect sensitive areas from friction or chafing, Dr Mahto says. Similarly, it can be beneficial to apply a barrier cream or petrolatum jelly, such as Aquaphor or Vaseline, as an occlusive to cover up broken areas of skin overnight.
药膏
📍ointment表示“药膏；软膏；油膏”，英文解释为“An ointment is a smooth thick substance that is put on sore skin or a wound to help it heal.”如：antiseptic ointment 抗菌软膏。
📍salve /sælv/表示“药膏；软膏；油膏”，英文解释为“Salve is an oily substance that is put on sore skin or a wound to help it heal.”如：a soothing salve 滋润药膏。
a barrier cream
表示“护肤霜；防护脂”，英文解释为“a cream used to protect the skin, esp the hands, from dirt and from the action of oils or solvents”，ice cream大家都知道，cream此处还有“膏；霜”（A cream is a substance that you rub into your skin, for example, to keep it soft or to heal or protect it.）的含义，如：hand/moisturizing cream 护手/润肤霜，antiseptic cream 抗菌药膏。
petrolatum jelly
petrolatum jelly /ˌpɛtrəˈleɪtəm/ /ˈdʒɛlɪ/表示“凡士林；矿脂”，英文解释为“a soft clear substance obtained from petroleum , used to heal injuries on the skin or to make machine parts move together more smoothly”，等同于petroleum jelly，后面出现的Vaseline /ˈvæsɪˌliːn/ 也是凡士林。
③ Change up your skincare routine
For day-to-day care, she also stresses the importance of ensuring your skin is properly hydrated as this will help improve the barrier function of the skin. To prevent your skin from drying out, stick to unscented or fragrance-free cleansers like La Roche Posay's Toleriane Dermo Cleanser or Cerave's Hydrating Cleanser.
hydrated /ˈhaɪdreɪtɪd/
表示“含水的；水合的（化合物）”，英文解释为“chemically bonded to water molecules”；动词hydrate可以表示“（身体）补充水分；使吸入水分；使水合；使成水合物”（to make sth absorb water），如：oils that help hydrate your skin 帮助你的皮肤补水的油。
无味的
unscented表示“无香味的；无气味的”，英文解释为“not filled or impregnated with odour or fragrance”；还用了另一个表达：fragrance-free.
📍名词-free，通常表示“不含...的”（-free combines with nouns to form adjectives that indicate that something does not have the thing mentioned, or has only a little of it.）如：sugar-free 无糖的，lead free petrol 无铅汽油，a salt-free diet 不含盐饮食。
While it can be tempting to cleanse immediately before and after wearing a face mask, Dr Mahto says it is best to limit yourself to cleansing twice a day, once in the morning and evening, as any more can lead to further dryness, irritation, and redness, especially for those with dry, sensitive or mature skin types.
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