卷珠帘？卷铺盖走人
针对近期恋情争议，昨天，霍尊写了封手写信回应。
今天，陈露再发长文回应霍尊，并晒出了霍尊的一系列大尺度聊天记录（现已删除），令人作呕。
⚠️理智吃瓜，学习为重。
借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），应广大朋友要求，我们来学一学中国传统乐器。
说不定下次CATTI或者四六级翻译就考了！
无注释原文：
6 Obscure Chinese Musical Instruments
From: The Culture Trip
Rachel Deason
Musical instruments have a long and storied history in China, yet few foreigners know them beyond the gong. With some existing for thousands of years, Chinese musical instruments are so plentiful that they can be divided into eight separate categories: silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd, and skin. Here are six of the most interesting from those categories.
Pipa
The pipa is a four-stringed, pear-shaped Chinese lute that is played by plucking. It is also one of the oldest Chinese instruments, dating back to the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) or earlier. Thought to have been introduced to China from Central or South Asia, the pipa is evidence of early cosmopolitanism in China.
Erhu
This is one of the most common Chinese instruments – a two-stringed, bowed fiddle used in solo and orchestral performances. While its calm sounds are well-suited to traditional musical styles, the erhu can also be used in contemporary music arrangements, from pop to jazz.
Guqin
The guqin, or ancient zither, is a plucked seven-string musical instrument. Similar in sound to a sliding guitar, the guqin is associated with elegance and has long been the favored instrument of scholars, most famously the philosopher Confucius.
Dizi
The versatile dizi, or Chinese transverse flute, is used in many genres of folk music and Chinese opera. Traditionally made of a single piece of bamboo, the dizi fits in the woodwind category of instruments. A special membrane placed over an extra hole gives the final tone a unique buzzing quality.
Paiban
Pictured below, being played by the man on the left, the paiban is a clapping instrument made from two flat pieces of hardwood or bamboo. Held vertically, the instrument makes a sharp, clacking sound when played. When used in conjunction with a small drum, it is a common feature of Shaoxing opera.
Sheng
The sheng is a mouth-blown free-reed instrument made of several vertical pipes. With images depicting it dating back to 1100 BC, it is one of the oldest Chinese instruments. It has also gained popularity outside of the country, with several notable foreign composers making use of its distinctive sound in their compositions.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
6 Obscure Chinese Musical Instruments
From: The Culture Trip
Rachel Deason
Musical instruments have a long and storied history in China, yet few foreigners know them beyond the gong. With some existing for thousands of years, Chinese musical instruments are so plentiful that they can be divided into eight separate categories: silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd, and skin. Here are six of the most interesting from those categories.
乐器在中国有着悠久的历史，但除了锣之外，很少有外国人了解。有些乐器已经存在了几千年，中国的乐器非常多，可以分为八个独立的类别：丝、竹、木、石、金、土、匏和革。下面是这些类别中最有趣的六种。
storied
表示“广为流传的；有名的；众所周知的”，英文解释为“mentioned in stories; famous; well known”举个🌰：
Theirs was the most storied romance in Hollywood.
他们的恋情是好莱坞流传最广的一段佳话。
gong /ɡɒŋ/
表示“锣”，英文解释为“A gong is a large, flat, circular piece of metal that you hit with a hammer to make a sound like a loud bell. Gongs are sometimes used as musical instruments, or to give a signal that it is time to do something.”
gourd
gourd /ɡʊrd; ɡɔːrd 表示“葫芦科植物，葫芦；葫芦制的容器，瓢”，英文解释为“a large fruit that has a hard shell and cannot be eaten, or the shell of this fruit used as a container”
八音
八音是东亚传统乐器的八种材料，也指按照制作材料划分的八类乐器，如《周礼·春官·大师》提到：“皆播之以八音，金、石、土、革、丝、木、匏、竹。”
金：包括编钟、特钟、铙。当时官方认可的“最高雅的声音”，被称为“金石之声”，是指编钟、磬这类清脆明亮的音响。
石：包括编磬、特磬
土：包括埙、缶
革：包括鼓
丝：包括古琴、古瑟，现在所说的丝竹就是丝音和竹音的简称。
木：包括柷、敔
匏：包括竽、笙、葫芦丝
竹：包括箫、笛、管、篪
Pipa 琵琶
The pipa is a four-stringed, pear-shaped Chinese lute that is played by plucking. It is also one of the oldest Chinese instruments, dating back to the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) or earlier. Thought to have been introduced to China from Central or South Asia, the pipa is evidence of early cosmopolitanism in China.
琵琶是一种四弦的梨形乐器，通过拨动来演奏。它也是最古老的中国乐器之一，可以追溯到汉代（公元前206年至公元220年）或更早。琵琶被认为是从中亚或南亚传入中国的，是中国早期世界主义的证据。
stringed
stringed表示“有弦的”，英文解释为“(of musical instruments) having or provided with strings”。
string作名词，表示“（乐器的）弦”，英文解释为“a thin wire that is stretched across a musical instrument and is used to produce a range of notes depending on its thickness, length, and tightness”。
lute
表示“诗琴，鲁特琴（拨弦乐器）”，英文解释为“a musical instrument that has a body with a round back and a flat top, a long neck, and strings that are played with the fingers”，Chinese lute一般就是指琵琶。
pluck
pluck /plʌk/ 表示“拨，弹（乐器的弦）”，英文解释为“to pull and then release the strings of a musical instrument with your finger to play notes”举个🌰：
He sat on the bed, idly plucking (at) the strings of his guitar.
他坐在床上，随意地拨着吉他琴弦。
cosmopolitanism
cosmopolitanism /ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlətənˌɪzəm/ 表示“世界主义；世界大同主义；四海一家”。世界主义是一种意识形态，可从正义概念的普世性出发，每一个世界公民都不受歧视地自我决定其发展。
Erhu 二胡
This is one of the most common Chinese instruments – a two-stringed, bowed fiddle used in solo and orchestral performances. While its calm sounds are well-suited to traditional musical styles, the erhu can also be used in contemporary music arrangements, from pop to jazz.
这是最常见的中国乐器之一--一种双弦弓形“小提琴”，用于独奏和管弦乐表演。虽然它低沉的声音很适合传统的音乐风格，但二胡也可以用于从流行乐到爵士乐的现代音乐改编乐曲。
bowed
表示“弓形的”，相当于curved，举个🌰：
The table had delicate bowed legs.
这张桌子的腿是弓形的，很精致。
fiddle
表示“小提琴”，英文解释为“Some people call violins fiddles, especially when they are used to play folk music.”举个🌰：
He played the fiddle at local dances.
他在当地的舞会上拉了小提琴。
solo
表示“独奏；独唱”，英文解释为“a musical performance given by one person alone, or a musical performance in which one person is given special attention”。
orchestral
orchestral /ɔːˈkɛstrəl/表示“管弦乐的”，英文解释为“Orchestral means relating to an orchestra and the music it plays.”
arrangement
熟词僻义，表示“改编曲”，英文解释为“a piece of music that has had changes made to it so that it can be played in a different way, especially by different instruments”举个🌰：
This new arrangement of the piece is for saxophone and piano.
这支新改编的乐曲是供萨克斯管和钢琴演奏的。
Guqin 古琴
The guqin, or ancient zither, is a plucked seven-string musical instrument. Similar in sound to a sliding guitar, the guqin is associated with elegance and has long been the favored instrument of scholars, most famously the philosopher Confucius.
古琴，或称古筝，是一种弹拨式的七弦乐器。声音类似于滑音吉他，古琴总是与优雅联系在一起，长期以来一直是学者们喜欢的乐器，最著名的是哲学家孔子。
zither
表示“齐特琴（一种匣形弦乐器，用手指或塑料拨子演奏）”，英文解释为“a musical instrument shaped like a flat box, with many strings stretched across it that you pull at with your fingers or with a small piece of plastic”。
Dizi 笛子
The versatile dizi, or Chinese transverse flute, is used in many genres of folk music and Chinese opera. Traditionally made of a single piece of bamboo, the dizi fits in the woodwind category of instruments. A special membrane placed over an extra hole gives the final tone a unique buzzing quality.
多功能的笛子，或中国横笛，被用于多种风格的民间音乐和中国戏曲。传统上，笛子由一片竹子制成，属于木管类乐器。额外的孔上放置的特殊薄膜，使得最终音色具有独特的嗡嗡声。
versatile
versatile /ˈvɜːsəˌtaɪl/ 表示“多才多艺的；有多种用途的，多功能的，万用的”，英文解释为“able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes”举个🌰：
Never before has computing been so versatile.
计算机技术从未像现在这样用途广泛。
transverse
表示“横的，横向的；横切的；横断的”，英文解释为“in a position or direction that is at an angle of 90° to something else”。
flute
表示“长笛”，英文解释为“A flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. You play it by blowing over a hole near one end while holding it sideways to your mouth.”
📍transverse flute表示“横笛”（a flute that is held to the side, like an orchestral flute, and not to the front, like a recorder）
genre
genre /ˈʒɑːnrə/ 表示“（尤指艺术的）风格，类型，体裁”，英文解释为“a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics”举个🌰：
What genre does the book fall into - comedy or tragedy?
这本书属于什么体裁——喜剧还是悲剧？
woodwind
表示“木管乐器的”，英文解释为“belonging or relating to a group of pipe-shaped musical instruments that are played by blowing through one end or across a hole near one end”举个🌰：
The clarinet, flute, saxophone, and bassoon are all woodwind instruments.
单簧管、长笛、萨克斯管以及低音管都属于木管乐器。
membrane
membrane /ˈmɛmbreɪn/ 1）表示“膜”，英文解释为“A membrane is a thin piece of skin that connects or covers parts of a person's or animal's body.”如：inflammation of the thin membrane that lines the heart 心膜发炎。
2）表示“薄膜；膜状物”，英文解释为“a very thin piece of material that covers an opening”。
Paiban 拍板
Pictured below, being played by the man on the left, the paiban is a clapping instrument made from two flat pieces of hardwood or bamboo. Held vertically, the instrument makes a sharp, clacking sound when played. When used in conjunction with a small drum, it is a common feature of Shaoxing opera.
下图中，左边的人正在演奏，拍板是一种由两块扁平的硬木或竹子制成的打击乐器。竖着拿，演奏时发出尖锐的咔哒声。当与小鼓一起使用时，它是绍兴戏曲的一个常见特征。
clack
表示“（撞在一起）发出咔嚓声”，英文解释为“If things clack or if you clack them, they make a short loud noise, especially when they hit each other.”
conjunction
表示“结合；联合；同时发生”，英文解释为“the situation in which events or conditions combine or happen together”，in conjunction with 连同，共同；与…协力，举个🌰：
There is a team of writers working in conjunction (with each other) on the book.
有一个作家小组在合作撰写这部书。
Sheng 笙
The sheng is a mouth-blown free-reed instrument made of several vertical pipes. With images depicting it dating back to 1100 BC, it is one of the oldest Chinese instruments. It has also gained popularity outside of the country, with several notable foreign composers making use of its distinctive sound in their compositions.
笙是由几根竖管组成的口吹式自由簧乐器。描绘它的图片可以追溯到公元前1100年，是最古老的中国乐器之一。它在国外也很受欢迎，一些著名的外国作曲家在他们的作品中使用了这种独特的声音。
reed
表示“（吹奏乐器的）簧片，簧舌”，英文解释为“a thin piece of wood or metal that vibrates very quickly to produce sound in a musical instrument when someone blows it”
depict
表示“描写，描述，描绘；描绘，绘画”，英文解释为“to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc”，举个🌰：
The artist had depicted her lying on a bed.
画家画了她躺在床上的画像。
📍此前价值1.8亿元毕加索名画被撕文中出现过，According to Tate, the artwork depicts Picasso's lover Dora Maar and was painted in Paris in May 1944, during the final months of the Nazi occupation.
composer
表示“（尤指古典音乐的）创作者；作曲者；作曲家”，英文解释为“a person who writes music, especially classical music”。
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2015年2月8日
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第2378天
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