张桂梅被写进中华人民共和国简史
今天，微博网友@美狄亚的面纱 发现张桂梅老师被写进《中华人民共和国简史》（最新版）。
张桂梅，丽江华坪女子高级中学校长。2021年2月17日，被评为“感动中国2020年度人物”；2月25日，荣获“全国脱贫攻坚楷模”荣誉称号；6月29日，张桂梅被党中央授予“七一勋章”并在“七一勋章”颁授仪式上发言。
无注释原文：
China honours education pioneer who lifted 1,800 girls out of poverty
SCMP
21 Feb, 2021
The founder of China’s first and only free public high school for girls – in a poor, mountainous region in the country’s southwest – has been honoured as an inspirational role model in this year’s Touching China awards.
Zhang Guimei, 63, was in visibly poor health when she accepted the award on Wednesday, prompting a wave of sympathy and support on Chinese social media.
The awards, which recognise wisdom, bravery and tenacity, are presented annually by state broadcaster CCTV. Also among this year’s 10 recipients was Xie Jun, chief designer of BeiDou’s third-generation satellite.
Zhang was hailed as a hero during the awards ceremony for her extraordinary achievement in building and operating the High School for Girls in Lijiang’s Huaping county in northern Yunnan province, one of the country’s poorest areas.
The years of hard work and mental pressure have taken their toll on Zhang, who is battling 23 illnesses including emphysema, cerebellar atrophy and skull osteoma.
She was helped from her chair to the stage, where two small children presented her with the award. Her fingers were wrapped in pain-relieving tape. “I cannot open my palms and move my fingers without these tapes. With them, I can move a bit,” Zhang explained to the ceremony’s host Bai Yansong.
Zhang, who is childless, said the school was her home and all the students were her children. Since its foundation in 2008, the school has changed the fate of more than 1,800 girls from impoverished families – preparing them for university which paves the way for professional careers which would otherwise be unobtainable.
Zhang, who was born in the northeastern province of Heilongjiang, was 17 when she moved to Yunnan with her father in 1974. A year after her husband’s death in 1996, she volunteered to teach at Huaping Centre Middle School, and became director of the county’s orphanage in 2001.
She soon learned that most abandoned children in the district were girls and, while boys were encouraged to continue their education, their female classmates were not.
Nine years of education have been compulsory for all children aged 6 to 15 in China since 1986, but while there are free high schools in a few Chinese cities – notably Zhuhai, in the southern province of Guangdong – many of Huaping’s girls were leaving school early to marry or earn a living.
Zhang believed strongly in the maxim that an educated woman can help three generations and was determined to provide free high school education for the girls of Huaping. “When a woman is educated, how would she abandon her child? My intention was to stop this vicious circle of uneducated mothers and children,” she said, in a CCTV report.
For five years, Zhang battled to raise funds. Despite carrying with her all her identity documents and copies of certificates and honours she had received, most people she approached called her a swindler. All she had to show for her efforts was 10,000 yuan (US$1,500).
The turning point came in 2007. Her voice was heard.
A year later, around 100 girls from poor local families came to live and study at the new school. Three years later, they all passed the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, or gaokao, and went on to university.
Zhang persisted for the next 13 years – in contrast to most rural teachers in China, where 45.5 per cent give up because of the poor environment, low salary and lack of respect, according to a study by Wuhan University.
In 2018, Zhang was sent to hospital for treatment after fainting at the school.
As a pioneer in the promotion of free, quality education for girls, Zhang has often been subject to criticism – especially for her “tiger mom” requirements, which include a ban on entertainment, endless homework, strict schedules and identical haircuts for all students.
In October, she attracted further controversy when she said women had to be tough on themselves and not depend on men for their livelihoods. “Women need to be self-reliant. Do not trust these men.”
But there was only goodwill for the educator on Chinese social media after her appearance on CCTV to accept the award.
“This is no longer a matter of respect for work … she is definitely a well-deserved model of the times,” said another Weibo user.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
China honours education pioneer who lifted 1,800 girls out of poverty
SCMP
21 Feb, 2021
The founder of China's first and only free public high school for girls – in a poor, mountainous region in the country's southwest – has been honoured as an inspirational role model in this year's Touching China awards.
中国第一所也是唯一一所免费的公立女子高中的创始人--位于中国西南的一个贫困山区--在今年被评为感动中国年度人物。
Zhang Guimei, 63, was in visibly poor health when she accepted the award on Wednesday, prompting a wave of sympathy and support on Chinese social media.
63岁的张桂梅在周三领奖时，身体明显不好，在中国社交媒体上得到了广泛的同情和支持。
prompt
作动词，表示“促使；导致；激起”，英文解释为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：
His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd.
他的讲话激起了人群中一男子的愤怒。
📺美剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不幸。
sympathy
sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθɪ/ 表示“同情（心），理解”，英文解释为“(an expression of) understanding and care for someone else's suffering”举个🌰：
He don't have much sympathy for her.
他不太同情她。
The awards, which recognise wisdom, bravery and tenacity, are presented annually by state broadcaster CCTV. Also among this year's 10 recipients was Xie Jun, chief designer of BeiDou's third-generation satellite.
该奖项旨在表彰智慧、勇敢和坚韧，由国国家广播电视机构中央电视台每年颁发。今年的10名获奖者中还有北斗三号卫星总设计师谢军。
tenacity
tenacity表示“坚韧；坚毅”，英文解释为“If you have tenacity, you are very determined and do not give up easily.”
📍二〇二一年新年贺词中提到“顽强不屈的坚守”时，用的也是tenacity，原句：holding posts with tenacity. 其中posts指的是岗位，（坚守）岗位。
recipient
表示“接受者；领受者；承受者”，英文解释为“a person who receives something”举个🌰：
He was a recipient of the Civilian Service Award.
他被授予平民服务奖章。
Zhang was hailed as a hero during the awards ceremony for her extraordinary achievement in building and operating the High School for Girls in Lijiang's Huaping county in northern Yunnan province, one of the country's poorest areas.
在颁奖仪式上，张桂梅校长被誉为英雄，因为她在云南省北部丽江市华坪县创办的女子中学取得了非凡的成就，该县是中国最贫穷的地区之一。
hail
表示“把…称赞为，把…誉为”，英文解释为“to describe sb/sth as being very good or special, especially in newspapers, etc.”举个🌰：
The conference was hailed as a great success.
会议被称颂为一次巨大的成功。
The years of hard work and mental pressure have taken their toll on Zhang, who is battling 23 illnesses including emphysema, cerebellar atrophy and skull osteoma.
多年来的辛勤工作和精神压力使张桂梅校长付出了代价，她正在与23种疾病作斗争，包括肺气肿（emphysema）、小脑萎缩（cerebellar atrophy）和颅骨骨瘤（skull osteoma）。
take a/its toll
表示“造成损失（或伤亡、破坏）；产生负面影响”，英文解释为“If something takes its/a toll, it causes suffering, deaths, or damage.”举个🌰：
The problems of the past few months have taken their toll on her health and there are shadows under her eyes.
过去几个月里的问题影响了她的健康，她眼睛出现了黑眼圈。
📍去年意大利约1万名医学生免除考试 投入抗疫一线文中，路透社（Reuters）报道就提到：The epidemic has so far taken a relatively light toll on Italy's main cities, 到目前为止，新冠疫情对意大利主要城市造成的损失相对较小，
emphysema
emphysema /ˌemfɪˈsiːmə/ 表示“肺气肿”，英文解释为“a condition in which the small sacs (= spaces) in the lungs become filled with too much air, causing breathing difficulties and heart problems”；
She was helped from her chair to the stage, where two small children presented her with the award. Her fingers were wrapped in pain-relieving tape. “I cannot open my palms and move my fingers without these tapes. With them, I can move a bit,” Zhang explained to the ceremony's host Bai Yansong.
她被从椅子上扶到舞台上，两个小孩子为她颁奖。她的手指上缠着止痛胶带。“如果不贴这些胶带，我就伸不开、就不能动了，贴上它还能动一点。”张桂梅校长向颁奖典礼的主持人白岩松解释。
palm
palm /pɑːm/ 表示“手掌，手心”，英文解释为“the inside part of your hand from your wrist to the base of your fingers”
Zhang, who is childless, said the school was her home and all the students were her children. Since its foundation in 2008, the school has changed the fate of more than 1,800 girls from impoverished families – preparing them for university which paves the way for professional careers which would otherwise be unobtainable.
没有孩子的张桂梅校长说，学校就是她的家，所有的学生都是她的孩子。自2008年成立以来，这所学校已经改变了1800多名来自贫困家庭的女孩的命运--为她们上大学做准备，为她们的职业生涯铺平道路，否则她们是无法实现的。
impoverished
表示“赤贫的；不名一文的”，英文解释为“very poor; without money”如：impoverished peasants 贫困的农民。
pave the way
表示“（为…）铺平道路，（为…）创造条件”，英文解释为“If something paves the way for/to something else, it makes the other thing possible.”举个🌰：
Scientists hope that data from the probe will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars.
科学家们希望探测飞船发回的数据会为更深入地探索火星提供条件。
Zhang, who was born in the northeastern province of Heilongjiang, was 17 when she moved to Yunnan with her father in 1974. A year after her husband's death in 1996, she volunteered to teach at Huaping Centre Middle School, and became director of the county's orphanage in 2001.
出生于东北黑龙江省的张桂梅校长，在1974年随父亲迁往云南时，年仅17岁。1996年丈夫去世一年后，她自愿到华坪中心中学任教，并于2001年成为该县孤儿院的院长。
orphanage
orphanage /ˈɔːfənɪdʒ/ 表示“孤儿院”，英文解释为“a home for children whose parents are dead or unable to care for them”
She soon learned that most abandoned children in the district were girls and, while boys were encouraged to continue their education, their female classmates were not.
她很快了解到，该地区大多数被抛弃的儿童都是女孩，虽然男孩被鼓励继续接受教育，但他们的女同学却没有。
Nine years of education have been compulsory for all children aged 6 to 15 in China since 1986, but while there are free high schools in a few Chinese cities – notably Zhuhai, in the southern province of Guangdong – many of Huaping's girls were leaving school early to marry or earn a living.
自1986年以来，中国对所有6至15岁的儿童实行九年义务教育，但在中国的一些城市--特别是南部广东省的珠海市--有免费的高中，但华坪的许多女孩为了结婚或谋生而提前离开学校。
compulsory
表示“必须做的；强制性的；必修的”，英文解释为“If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law.”举个🌰：
Swimming was compulsory at my school.
在我们学校，游泳是必修课。
Zhang believed strongly in the maxim that an educated woman can help three generations and was determined to provide free high school education for the girls of Huaping. “When a woman is educated, how would she abandon her child? My intention was to stop this vicious circle of uneducated mothers and children,” she said, in a CCTV report.
张桂梅校长坚信一个女孩子受教育可以改变三代人的格言，并决心为华坪的女孩提供免费高中教育。“如果她有文化，她会把孩子丢掉？我的初衷就是解决低素质母亲和低素质孩子的恶性循环。”她在中央电视台的报道中说。
maxim
maxim /ˈmæksɪm/ 表示“格言；箴言；座右铭”，英文解释为“A maxim is a rule for good or sensible behaviour, especially one in the form of a saying.”举个🌰：
I believe in the maxim "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."
我相信这句格言：“如果它没坏，不要去修理它。”
vicious
同义词是“malicious”，表示“狠毒的，恶毒的，恶意的”，英文解释为：very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someone’s feelings or make their character seem bad.
📍vicious circle表示“恶性循环”，英文解释为：a continuing unpleasant situation, created when one problem causes another problem that then makes the first problem worse.
For five years, Zhang battled to raise funds. Despite carrying with her all her identity documents and copies of certificates and honours she had received, most people she approached called her a swindler. All she had to show for her efforts was 10,000 yuan (US$1,500).
五年来，张桂梅校长为筹集资金而奋斗。尽管她带着所有的身份证件和她获得的证书和荣誉的复印件，但她接触的大多数人都说她是骗子。她的努力只得到了1万元人民币（1500美元）的回报。
swindler
表示“骗子”，英文解释为“someone who gets money dishonestly by deceiving or cheating people”。
📍swindle可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“诈骗，骗取（钱财）”（to get money dishonestly from someone by deceiving or cheating them）举个🌰：
They swindled local businesses out of thousands of dollars.
他们诈骗了当地企业几千美元。
🎬电影《大侦探福尔摩斯》（Sherlock Holmes）中的台词提到：保险诈骗 An insurance swindle.
🎬电影《星球大战7：原力觉醒》（Star Wars: Episode VII）中的台词：There's no one in the galaxy left for you to swindle. 在这个星系里不会有人再相信你的骗局了。
对比：
📍scammer表示“诈骗犯; 骗子”，英文解释为“a person who perpetrates a scam; swindler”。
📍impostor表示“假冒者；冒名顶替者；冒名行骗者”，英文解释为“Someone who is an impostor is dishonestly pretending to be someone else in order to gain an advantage.”
The turning point came in 2007. Her voice was heard.
转折点出现在2007年。她的声音被听到了。
A year later, around 100 girls from poor local families came to live and study at the new school. Three years later, they all passed the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, or gaokao, and went on to university.
一年后，大约100名来自当地贫困家庭的女孩来到新学校生活和学习。三年后，她们都通过了全国高等教育入学考试（即高考），并进入了大学。
Zhang persisted for the next 13 years – in contrast to most rural teachers in China, where 45.5 per cent give up because of the poor environment, low salary and lack of respect, according to a study by Wuhan University.
在接下来的13年里，张桂梅校长坚持了下来--与中国大多数农村教师形成鲜明对比，根据武汉大学的一项研究，45.5%的农村教师因为环境差、工资低和缺乏尊重而放弃。
persist
1) 表示“继续存在（发生）”，英文解释为“If something bad persists, it continues to exist or happen”举个🌰：
If the pain persists, you must see a doctor.
如果一直痛，你就必须去看医生了。
2) 表示“坚持；执意”，英文解释为“to continue to do something, although this is difficult, or other people oppose it”举个🌰：
‘I don't think it's right,’ He persisted.
“我认为那不对。”他坚持说道。
In 2018, Zhang was sent to hospital for treatment after fainting at the school.
2018年，张桂梅校长在学校晕倒后被送进医院治疗。
faint
faint /feɪnt/ 作动词，表示“昏厥；晕倒”，英文解释为“to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down”举个🌰：
He faints at the sight of blood.
他一见血就晕。
作形容词，表示“（光、声、味）微弱的，不清楚的”，英文解释为“that cannot be clearly seen, heard or smelt”如：a faint glow/glimmer/light 微弱的光亮/闪光/光，举个🌰：
We could hear their voices growing fainter as they walked down the road.
他们沿路走远时我们听见他们的说话声逐渐模糊。
As a pioneer in the promotion of free, quality education for girls, Zhang has often been subject to criticism – especially for her “tiger mom” requirements, which include a ban on entertainment, endless homework, strict schedules and identical haircuts for all students.
作为促进女孩免费、优质教育的先驱，张桂梅校长经常受到批评--特别是她的“虎妈”要求，包括禁止娱乐、无休止的家庭作业、严格的时间表和所有学生的相同发型。
be subject to
1）表示“受…支配；服从于”，英文解释为“under the authority of sth/sb”举个🌰：
All nuclear installations are subject to international safeguards.
一切核设施均须执行国际防护措施。
2）表示“取决于；视…而定”，英文解释为“depending on sth in order to be completed or agreed”举个🌰：
The article is ready to publish, subject to your approval.
那篇文章准备好了，可以发表，就等你批准了。
3）表示“可能受…影响的；易遭受…的”，英文解释为“likely to be affected by sth, especially sth bad”举个🌰：
Flights are subject to delay because of the fog.
由于有雾，航班可能延误。
🎬电影《鹰眼》（Eagle Eye）中的台词提到：Unattended luggage is subject to collection and search by the airport police. 无人看管的行李会被机场警方托收并检查。
📍subject也可以直接作动词，subject sb/sth to sth，be subjected to，表示“使经受，使遭受”，英文解释为“to make someone or something experience an unpleasant or worrying thing”举个🌰：
The investigation found that they had been subjected to unfair treatment.
调查发现他们曾受到过不公正待遇。
In October, she attracted further controversy when she said women had to be tough on themselves and not depend on men for their livelihoods. “Women need to be self-reliant. Do not trust these men.”
10月，她说女人必须对自己狠，不要指望让男人来养，这引起了进一步的争议。“女性需要自强自立。不要相信那些男人。”
But there was only goodwill for the educator on Chinese social media after her appearance on CCTV to accept the award.
但是，她出现在中央电视台接受奖项之后，中国社交媒体上只有对这位教师的善意。
“This is no longer a matter of respect for work … she is definitely a well-deserved model of the times,” said another Weibo user."
“这已经不是尊重工作的问题了......她绝对是当之无愧的时代楷模，”另一位微博用户说。
well-deserved
表示“当之无愧的，理所应得的”，英文解释为“that someone completely deserves to have because of the way they have behaved or the qualities they have”。
公众号后台对话框里发送：沙发
查看沙发计划，抢沙发拿奖励
公众号后台对话框里发送：打卡
参与每天持续行动打卡计划
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LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2021年10月21日
第2448天
每天持续行动学外语