BBC报道夏威夷大火
据美国夏威夷州毛伊县政府官方发布的最新通报，持续数日的大火，已在该州毛伊岛造成93人遇难，仍有数百人下落不明。
据BBC，这场大火成为美国一个世纪以来死亡人数最多的火灾。
🤔️小作业：
1. What can be inferred about the overall pace of the search process on the island?
a. The search process has been completed efficiently.
b. Most of the island has already been searched.
c. There is a significant portion of the area left to be searched.
d. The focus has shifted from searching to rebuilding.
a. She is a historian documenting the town's history.
b. She is a resident of Lahaina and lost her property.
c. She has personal connections and memories associated with the town.
d. She is responsible for the town's early warning systems.
无注释原文：
From: BBC
Ninety-three people have been confirmed killed in the Maui fire that razed the historic town of Lahaina, marking the most deadly US fire in a century.
The death toll could rise "significantly", Hawaii Governor Josh Green warned on Saturday, as forensic work continues to identify the victims.
Hundreds remain unaccounted for while hundreds of others fill shelters across Maui after fleeing the flames.
"It's an impossible day," Mr Green said.
The fire will "certainly be the worst natural disaster that Hawaii ever faced", he said.
"We can only wait and support those who are living. Our focus now is to reunite people when we can and get them housing and get them health care, and then turn to rebuilding."
Meanwhile, it remains unclear if early warning systems were used or if they malfunctioned, with many people telling the BBC they were not forewarned about the fires.
The state's attorney general is conducting a "comprehensive review" into how the authorities responded.
Representative Jill Tokuda of Hawaii's 2nd congressional district told the BBC World Service's Newshour programme on Sunday that "serious questions" needed to be addressed.
"There's every justification for everyone to feel angry in this particular situation, and we all want answers," Ms Tokuda said.
She also described her visit to Lahaina over the weekend as "heart-breaking".
"We have so many memories there, so many of our families and friends lost everything, [or are] still looking for loved ones."
According to Mr Green, gusts from that storm reached speeds of as high as 81mph (130km/h), fanning the flames to travel at one mile per minute and giving people little time to escape.
While the fires are now largely under control, efforts to fully extinguish them are continuing in parts of the island, including around Lahaina, which has been devastated.
Authorities have focused efforts on combing through what is left of the coastal area of the island, using sniffer dogs trained to detect bodies to look for signs of corpses under the rubble.
So far, they have covered only 3% of the search area, said a visibly emotional Maui Police Chief John Pelletier.
"None of us really understand the size of this yet," he said.
Jeremy Greenberg, a senior official at the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), has told the BBC that extra support being sent included urban search and rescue, and fire suppression teams.
"The absolute number one priority is survivor safety," he said.
Mr Greenberg added that while close to 1,000 people are still yet to be contacted, some of these may be safe but out of reach for a number of reasons.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Maui fire: 93 killed as governor warns of 'significant' death toll rise
From: BBC
Ninety-three people have been confirmed killed in the Maui fire that razed the historic town of Lahaina, marking the most deadly US fire in a century.
据证实，美国夏威夷毛伊岛的大火已经造成93人死亡。这场横扫历史古城拉海纳的大火成为美国一个世纪以来死亡人数最多的火灾。
raze
raze /reɪz/ 表示“把（城市、建筑物等）夷为平地；彻底摧毁”，英文解释为“to completely destroy a city, building, etc.”举个🌰：The town was razed to the ground in the bombing raid - not a building was left standing. 整个城镇在空袭中被夷为平地——没有一座建筑物幸存。
📍raze /reɪz/ 这个词与“raise”发音相同，但意思完全相反。想象为了建新的购物中心，旧的建筑被“彻底摧毁”。近义词：demolish（拆除），常用短语：raze to the ground（夷为平地）
The death toll could rise "significantly", Hawaii Governor Josh Green warned on Saturday, as forensic work continues to identify the victims.
夏威夷州州长乔什·格林（Josh Green）上周六（8月12日）警告称，随着遇难者的身份鉴定工作持续 进行，死亡人数可能会大幅上升。
toll
1）表示“伤亡；损失；破坏”，英文解释为“suffering, deaths, or damage”，一般指“（死亡、事故或灾难的）总数”举个🌰：Independent sources say that the death toll from the earthquake runs into thousands. 独立消息人士称地震中的伤亡人数达到数千人。
2）表示“(道路或桥梁）收费；通行费”，英文解释为“A toll road or toll bridge is a road or bridge that you have to pay to use.”举个🌰：Most people who drive the toll roads don't use them every day. 大部分开车上收费公路的人不是每天都走公路。
forensic
forensic /fəˈren.zɪk/ 表示“法医的”，英文解释为“related to scientific methods of solving crimes, involving examining the objects or substances that are involved in the crime”如：forensic evidence/medicine/science 法医证据/学/科学。
Hundreds remain unaccounted for while hundreds of others fill shelters across Maui after fleeing the flames.
目前仍有数百人下落不明，另外数以百计的人在逃离火势后，正身处毛伊岛各地的庇护所。
unaccounted for
1）表示“（某人）生死未知的”，英文解释为“If a person is unaccounted for, it is not known where they are or whether they are still alive.”举个🌰：A fire on the ship killed a hundred or more passengers - some likely victims are still unaccounted for. 船上的大火让一百多名乘客丧生，可能还有些人生死未知。
2）表示“（金钱）找不到的，去向不明的”，英文解释为“If something such as an amount of money is unaccounted for, it is not present and there is no explanation for what has happened to it.”举个🌰：An audit of the police department found that $100,000 in cash and one handgun were unaccounted for. 对警察局进行的审计发现有10万美元现金和一支手枪去向不明。
📍这是一个短语，由“un-”（不），“account”（解释，描述）和“for”组成，表示“未解释的”或“失踪的”。
shelter
shelter /ˈʃel.tər/ 表示“掩蔽（处）;遮蔽（处）”，英文解释为“(a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger, or attack”如：an air-raid shelter 防空洞。
flame
1）表示“火焰；火舌”，英文解释为“a stream of hot, burning gas from something on fire”举个🌰：The flames grew larger as the fire spread. 火势蔓延，火焰越来越高。
2）表示“强烈的感情；激情”，英文解释为“a powerful feeling”举个🌰：Flames of passion swept through both of them. 他们俩一时间激情澎湃。
📍大S与具俊晔官宣结婚文中提到 old flame 表示“旧情人，老相好”，英文解释为“a person that you loved or had a sexual relationship with in the past”
"It's an impossible day," Mr Green said.
“这是无法想象的一天，”格林说。
The fire will "certainly be the worst natural disaster that Hawaii ever faced", he said.
他表示，这场火灾“肯定是夏威夷历史上面临的最严重自然灾害”。
"We can only wait and support those who are living. Our focus now is to reunite people when we can and get them housing and get them health care, and then turn to rebuilding."
“我们只能等待并支持那些还活着的人。我们现在的重点是尽可能地将人们聚集起来，给他们提供住房和医疗协助，然后再开始重建。”
Meanwhile, it remains unclear if early warning systems were used or if they malfunctioned, with many people telling the BBC they were not forewarned about the fires.
与此同时，预警系统是曾经运作或是发生故障，目前仍不清楚，很多人向BBC表示，他们没有提前收到火灾警告。
malfunction
malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/ 表示“运转不正常，发生故障”，英文解释为“to fail to work or operate correctly”
📍这个词由“mal-”（坏的）和“function”（功能）组成，表示“功能不好”或“故障”。想象计算机“失灵”并需要维修。近义词：breakdown（故障），同根词：malformation（畸形），function（功能），常用短语：malfunction alarm（故障警报）
forewarn
forewarn /fɔːˈwɔːn/ 表示“预先警告，事先告诫”，英文解释为“to tell someone that something unpleasant is going to happen”举个🌰：The employees had been forewarned (that) the end-of-year financial results would be poor. 雇员们已得到预先警告，年底的财政状况会很糟。
📍forewarned is forearmed 表示“先知先戒备；有备无患”，英文解释为“said to mean that if you know about something before it happens, you can be prepared for it”
The state's attorney general is conducting a "comprehensive review" into how the authorities responded.
州检察长正在对当局的应对情况进行“全面核查”。
attorney general
attorney general 表示“（某些国家的）检察总长，首席检察官；司法部长”，英文解释为“the top legal officer in some countries, whose job is to provide legal advice to the government and to represent the government”；
attorney /əˈtɜːnɪ/ 本身可表示“律师”，英文解释为“In the United States, an attorney or attorney-at-law is a lawyer.”比如我们可以说a prosecuting attorney，即“公诉律师”。
📍牛津词典中归纳的，各种律师的说法详见：「律师」除了lawyer，你还知道几种说法？
Representative Jill Tokuda of Hawaii's 2nd congressional district told the BBC World Service's Newshour programme on Sunday that "serious questions" needed to be addressed.
夏威夷州第二国会选区代表吉尔·德田（Jill Tokuda）在周日接受BBC采访时表示，有“严重的问题”需要解答。
congressional
表示“（美国）国会的”，英文解释为“belonging or related to the US Congress”如：a congressional committee 国会委员会。
"There's every justification for everyone to feel angry in this particular situation, and we all want answers," Ms Tokuda said.
“在这种特殊情况下，每个人都有充分理由感到愤怒，而我们所有人都想要答案，”德田女士说。
justification
表示“正当的理由；辩解”，英文解释为“a good reason or explanation for something”举个🌰：There is no justification for treating people so badly. 没有理由如此恶劣地对待他人。
She also described her visit to Lahaina over the weekend as "heart-breaking".
她还形容自己在周末到访拉海纳的经历“令人心碎”。
"We have so many memories there, so many of our families and friends lost everything, [or are] still looking for loved ones."
“我们在那里有很多的回忆，很多我们的家人和朋友失去了一切，（或者还在）寻找亲人。”
According to Mr Green, gusts from that storm reached speeds of as high as 81mph (130km/h), fanning the flames to travel at one mile per minute and giving people little time to escape.
据格林所说，这场风暴产生的阵风风速高达81英里/小时（130公里/小时），令火势每分钟前进一英里，导致人们没有多少逃生的时间。
gust
gust /ɡʌst/ 表示“一阵狂风，一阵强风”，英文解释为“a sudden strong wind”举个🌰：A sudden gust of wind blew his umbrella inside out. 一阵狂风把他的伞吹翻了。
fan
fan /fæn/ 作动词，1）表示“扇，吹（使火更旺）”，英文解释为“to blow air at a fire to make it burn more strongly”
2）表示“煽动；激起”，英文解释为“to encourage bad emotions or behaviour to get worse”如：to fan the violence/hatred 煽动暴力/激起仇恨。
While the fires are now largely under control, efforts to fully extinguish them are continuing in parts of the island, including around Lahaina, which has been devastated.
虽然火势现在很大程度上得到控制，但是岛上的一些地区，包括拉海纳周边，仍在继续努力全面扑灭。
extinguish
1）表示“熄灭，扑灭（火或光）”，英文解释为“to stop a fire or a light burning”举个🌰：It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames. 消防队员花了几个小时才将烈焰扑灭。
2）表示“使（想法或感情）破灭；使消亡；消除”，英文解释为“to stop or get rid of an idea or feeling”举个🌰：Nothing could extinguish his love for her. 什么都无法熄灭他对她的爱情之火。
devastated
1）表示“（极度）不安的，混乱的，震惊的”，英文解释为“extremely upset and shocked”举个🌰：His family is absolutely devastated. 他的一家感到极为震惊。
2）表示“被彻底摧毁的；毁灭的”，英文解释为“completely destroyed”举个🌰：Thousands of people have left their devastated villages and fled to the mountains. 数千人已经离开完全被毁的村庄，逃进了山里。
📍devastate /ˈdɛvəˌsteɪt/ 本身可以作动词，表示“严重破坏；彻底摧毁”，英文解释为“If something devastates an area or a place, it damages it very badly or destroys it totally.”
Authorities have focused efforts on combing through what is left of the coastal area of the island, using sniffer dogs trained to detect bodies to look for signs of corpses under the rubble.
当局已经将工作重点放在搜索岛屿沿海区域上，利用训练有素的搜救犬寻找废墟下的人体迹象。
comb
comb /kəʊm/ 作名词，表示“梳子”，英文解释为“a flat piece of plastic, wood, or metal with a thin row of long, narrow parts along one side, used to tidy and arrange your hair”
作动词，表示“认真搜寻；仔细搜查”，英文解释为“to search a place or an area very carefully in order to find something”举个🌰：The police combed the whole area for evidence. 警方为了寻找证据搜遍了整个地区。
coastal
表示“（位于）海岸的；临海的；沿海的”，英文解释为“positioned on, or relating to the coast”如：a coastal town 海滨城镇。
sniffer dog
sniffer dog /ˈsnɪf.ə ˌdɒɡ/ 表示“嗅探犬（经过训练专门用于嗅探毒品和炸弹的狗）”，英文解释为“a dog that is trained and used by the police or army to find hidden drugs or bombs, or to find someone the police are looking for, using its sense of smell”
corpse
corpse /kɔːps/ 表示“（人的）尸体”，英文解释为“the dead body of a person”举个🌰：The corpse was found by children playing in the woods. 这具尸体是在林子里玩耍的孩子发现的。
rubble
rubble表示“（房屋倒塌或被毁后留下的）瓦砾堆，碎砖烂瓦，碎石”，英文解释为“the piles of broken stone and bricks, etc. that are left when a building falls down or is destroyed”举个🌰：The bomb reduced the house to rubble. 炸弹把这座房屋炸成了一堆瓦砾。
区分：
📍rubber表示“橡胶；合成橡胶”， 英文解释为“an elastic substance (= that stretches) made either from the juice of particular tropical trees or artificially”。
So far, they have covered only 3% of the search area, said a visibly emotional Maui Police Chief John Pelletier.
毛伊岛警察局局长约翰·佩蒂埃（John Pelletier）情绪激动地表示，目前他们只覆盖了搜索区域的3%。
"None of us really understand the size of this yet," he said.
“我们还没有人能真正理解这件事有多大，”他说。
Jeremy Greenberg, a senior official at the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), has told the BBC that extra support being sent included urban search and rescue, and fire suppression teams.
联邦应急管理署（FEMA）高级官员杰里米·格林伯格（Jeremy Greenberg）向BBC表示，包括城市搜救和火灾扑灭队等在内的额外增援正在被派往火灾地区。
suppression
suppression /-ˈpreʃ.ən/ 1）表示“（用武力）压制，制止”，英文解释为“the act of ending something by force”
2）表示“抑制，忍住，压抑；查禁”，英文解释为“the act of preventing something from being seen or expressed or from operating”如：the illegal suppression of evidence 非法扣留证据。
"The absolute number one priority is survivor safety," he said.
“绝对的第一要务是保障幸存者的安全，”他说。
Mr Greenberg added that while close to 1,000 people are still yet to be contacted, some of these may be safe but out of reach for a number of reasons.
格林伯格补充说，目前虽然仍有近1000人仍然失联，但是其中一些可能是安全的，但由于种种原因无法联系上。
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