今天是星期负一吧
今天是星期负一，明天是星期零，后天才是星期一，这周要上七天......
🤔️小作业：
1. What can be inferred about the general perception of post-holiday blues compared to depression during the holidays?
a) It is considered less significant.
b) It is considered equally significant.
c) It is given more attention.
d) It is considered a myth.
2. According to the article, what mainly contributes to the post-holiday blues?
a) Financial stress
b) Emotional drainage
c) Adrenaline comedown
d) Poor diet
无注释原文：
Understanding Post-Holiday Depression and Blues
From: Psycom
Nov 8, 2021
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, 64% of people report being affected by holiday depression, and it's most often triggered by financial, emotional, and physical stress of the season. But for others, coming down from the high after the 'most wonderful time of the year' (and the inevitable return to work) can bring on a bout of the post-holiday blues too.
What Are Post-Holiday Blues?
Also known as post-vacation syndrome, stress, or depression, this slump can hit hard after a period of intense emotion and stress. Post-holiday blues share many of the same characteristic symptoms of an anxiety or mood disorder: insomnia, low-energy, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and anxiousness. But unlike clinical depression, the distress is short-lived rather than long-term. Though much greater attention is often given to depression that occurs during the holidays, the condition isn't all that uncommon. So, what's responsible for this glaring lack of post-holiday glow?
What Causes Post-Holiday Blues?
There's relatively little research on the subject, but consensus among experts is that the adrenaline comedown is the main culprit. Princeton, NJ-based clinical psychologist Dr. Eileen Kennedy-Moore suggests that the abrupt withdrawal of stress hormones after a major event, be it a wedding, an important deadline, or the holidays, can have a profound impact on our biological and psychological well-being.
But that's only one part of the equation. The contrast effect, a form of cognitive bias where perception of differences is enhanced or diminished as a result of exposure to something with similar characteristics, but different key qualities, is also at play. It's essentially the brain's way of trying to restore order while adjusting between markedly different experiences.
Why Do We Feel Depressed After the Holidays?
Unless you have a three-week vacation in August or some other big diversion during the year, the holidays may be the only time regular life is interrupted. Even if your holidays weren't so merry and bright, the brain exaggerates the realities of day-to-day life, making the return to the mundane seem disproportionately more anxiety-inducing and depressing than it actually is.
Our Brain is Tricking Us
According to Dr. Melissa Weinberg, a research consultant and psychologist specializing in well-being and performance psychology, it's a sign of healthy psychological functioning. “It's just one of a series of illusions our brain fools us into believing, in the same way we think bad things are more likely to happen to others than they are to us. Somewhat ironically, the capacity to fool ourselves every single day is an indication of good mental and psychological functioning,” Weinberg explains in The New Daily.
“So, whether we did enjoy our holiday, and whether we'd rather be on vacation than back at work, our brain is wired to make us believe that we did, or that we would. In doing so, we pay the emotional cost for a well-enjoyed break, and we experience a comedown toward our baseline of well-being.” In other words, you pay the same emotional toll for a crappy vacation as you do for an amazing one.
We're Emotionally Exhausted
The considerable weight of navigating difficult situations and relationships and keeping your cool during the holiday events is another possible factor in post-holiday depression.
According to psychiatrist and author of “Thriving as an Empath” Dr. Judith Orloff, putting up a false front and feigning happiness can be incredibly draining. This idea is shared by psychotherapist Dr. Richard O'Connor, who has a theory that we “arm” ourselves during the holiday period as a coping mechanism to deal with stress and difficult emotions and situations
Diet Plays A Role Too
The sugar and alcohol-fueled diets many of us thrive (or rather survive) on during the holiday period could also be a culprit. Alcohol is a widely recognized depressant and research has also linked junk food to depression. Unsurprisingly, after a long period of overindulgence, we might not be feeling our best.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Understanding Post-Holiday Depression and Blues
From: Psycom
Nov 8, 2021
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, 64% of people report being affected by holiday depression, and it's most often triggered by financial, emotional, and physical stress of the season. But for others, coming down from the high after the 'most wonderful time of the year' (and the inevitable return to work) can bring on a bout of the post-holiday blues too.
根据美国国家精神疾病联盟（National Alliance on Mental Illness）的数据，64%的人表示受到了假期抑郁症的影响，而这最常见的诱因是假期的财务、情感和身体压力。但对于其他人来说，度过“一年中最美好的时光”后情绪从高潮回落（以及不得不重返工作岗位），也会带来节后情绪低落。
alliance
1）表示“结盟国家（或团体），同盟国家（或团体）”，英文解释为“a group of countries, political parties, or people who have agreed to work together because of shared interests or aims”如：a military alliance 军事同盟。
2）表示“联盟，结盟；同盟”，英文解释为“an agreement to work with someone else to try to achieve the same thing”
trigger
1）作动词，除了表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction. 坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。
2）作名词，表示“扳机”，英文解释为“The trigger of a gun is a small lever which you pull to fire it.”举个🌰：A man pointed a gun at them and pulled the trigger. 一个男人用枪指着他们，扣动了扳机。
类似的还有：
📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”，举个🌰：The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination. 这首诗能够激发起想象力。
📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。
📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。
🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。
inevitable
inevitable /ɪˈnev.ɪ.tə.bəl/ 表示“不可避免的；必然发生的”，英文解释为“certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented”举个🌰：The accident was the inevitable consequence/result/outcome of carelessness. 这一事故是粗心导致的必然结果。
post-
post- /pəʊst/ 表示“后”，英文解释为“after or later than”如：postgraduate 研究生，postoperative 手术后的，举个🌰：He took a post-lunch nap. 他午饭后小睡了一会儿。
blue
熟词僻义，表示“悲伤的；忧郁的；沮丧的”，英文解释为“feeling or showing sadness”举个🌰：He's been a bit blue since she left him. 自从她离开后，他就一直有些闷闷不乐。
Blues在这里指的是一种情感状态，特指感到悲伤、沮丧或忧郁的情绪。这个词经常用来描述一种深沉、持久的悲伤或不安的情感。此外，blues也是一种音乐风格，起源于美国南部的非裔美国人社区，这种音乐风格经常表达的是生活的困境、失恋和其他形式的不幸或悲伤。
What Are Post-Holiday Blues? 什么是节后情绪低落？
Also known as post-vacation syndrome, stress, or depression, this slump can hit hard after a period of intense emotion and stress. Post-holiday blues share many of the same characteristic symptoms of an anxiety or mood disorder: insomnia, low-energy, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and anxiousness. But unlike clinical depression, the distress is short-lived rather than long-term. Though much greater attention is often given to depression that occurs during the holidays, the condition isn't all that uncommon. So, what's responsible for this glaring lack of post-holiday glow?
也被称为假期后综合征、压力或抑郁，这种低落的情绪会在经历强烈的情绪和压力过后迅速袭来。节后情绪低落与焦虑或心境障碍有许多相同的症状：失眠、精力不足、易怒、注意力难以集中和焦虑。但与临床抑郁症不同的是，这种不适是短暂而非长期的。尽管人们往往更加关注假期抑郁症，但节后情绪低落这种情况并不罕见。那么，是什么导致节后情绪明显低落呢?
syndrome
syndrome /ˈsɪndrəʊm/ 表示“综合征，征群，综合症状”，英文解释为“a combination of medical problems that shows the existence of a particular disease or mental condition”
slump
作动词，slump /slʌmp/ 表示“沉重地坐下（或倒下）”，英文解释为“to sit or fall heavily and suddenly”举个🌰：She slumped into the chair, exhausted. 她颓然跌坐在椅子上，筋疲力尽。
作名词，1）表示“（价格、价值、销售额等的）猛跌，暴跌”，英文解释为“a fall in the price, value, sales, etc. of something”举个🌰：There's been a slump in the demand for new cars. 新车的需求量猛跌。
2）表示“萧条（期），衰落”，英文解释为“a period when an industry or the economy is in a bad state and there is a lot of unemployment”如：an economic slump 经济萧条。
symptom
表示“（疾病的）症状”，英文解释为“any feeling of illness or physical or mental change that is caused by a particular disease”举个🌰：He's complaining of all the usual flu symptoms - a high temperature, headache, and so on. 他说他出现了所有常见的感冒症状——高烧、头痛等。
insomnia
insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmnɪə/ 表示“失眠（症）”，英文解释为“the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period of time”举个🌰：He suffered from insomnia caused by stress at work. 他因为工作压力失眠了好几个月。
irritability
irritability /ˌɪr.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ə.ti/ 表示“易怒性情，暴脾气”，英文解释为“the quality of becoming annoyed very easily”举个🌰：The drug can cause irritability. 这种药会引起烦躁。
glaring
glaring /ˈɡleə.rɪŋ/ 表示“（负面事物）十分显眼的，易见的，明显的”，英文解释为“used to say that something bad is very obvious”如：glaring errors 扎眼的错误，a glaring injustice 明显的不公正；
2）表示“刺眼的；耀眼的，眩目的”，英文解释为“shining too brightly”如：glaring light 刺眼的光 如：glaring colours 艳丽的色彩。
What Causes Post-Holiday Blues? 是什么导致了节后情绪低落？
There's relatively little research on the subject, but consensus among experts is that the adrenaline comedown is the main culprit. Princeton, NJ-based clinical psychologist Dr. Eileen Kennedy-Moore suggests that the abrupt withdrawal of stress hormones after a major event, be it a wedding, an important deadline, or the holidays, can have a profound impact on our biological and psychological well-being.
关于这一问题的研究相对较少，但专家们普遍认为肾上腺素下降是罪魁祸首。新泽西州普林斯顿的临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪-摩尔博士（Dr. Eileen Kennedy-Moore）认为，重大事件过后，如婚礼、重要的截止日期或假期，压力荷尔蒙的突然下降都会对我们的生理和心理健康造成巨大影响。
consensus
consensus /kənˈsen.səs/ 表示“一致的意见；共识”，英文解释为“a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people”举个🌰：The general consensus in the office is that he can't do his job. 办公室成员一致认为他无法胜任工作。
adrenaline
adrenaline = adrenalin /əˈdren.əl.ɪn/ 表示“肾上腺素”，英文解释为“a hormone produced by the body, for example when you are frightened, angry, or excited, that makes the heart beat faster and prepares the body to react to danger”举个🌰：These arguments always get my adrenalin going (= make me excited or angry). 这些争论总是让我肾上腺素上升（让我激动或恼怒）。
comedown
comedown /ˈkʌm.daʊn/ 表示“衰落；落魄；败落；没落”，英文解释为“a situation that is not as good as the one you were in before”
culprit
1）表示“罪犯；造成破坏（问题）的人；过失者；责任人”，英文解释为“the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong”；
2）表示“问题的起因；罪魁祸首”，英文解释为“a fact or situation that is the reason for something bad happening”举个🌰：Children in this country are getting much too fat, and sugar and sweets are the main culprits. 该国儿童过于肥胖，糖和甜食是罪魁祸首。
hormone
hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/ 表示“激素；荷尔蒙”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body or in a plant that encourages growth or influences how the cells and tissues function; an artificial substance that has similar effects”，如：growth hormones 生长激素。
But that's only one part of the equation. The contrast effect, a form of cognitive bias where perception of differences is enhanced or diminished as a result of exposure to something with similar characteristics, but different key qualities, is also at play. It's essentially the brain's way of trying to restore order while adjusting between markedly different experiences.
然而，这并不是唯一的原因。对比效应也会产生影响，这是一种认知偏差，由于接触到具有相似特征但关键品质不同的事物，对差异的感知会增强或减弱。从本质上讲，这是大脑在调整两种截然不同的经历时，试图恢复秩序的方式。
cognitive
表示“认知的；感知的；认识的”，英文解释为“Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.”举个🌰：As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 随着孩子们长大，他们的认知过程也变得越来越敏锐了。
bias
表示“偏见；偏心；偏向”，英文解释为“a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often not based on fair judgement”举个🌰：Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias. 雇主必须公平而毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。
perception
1）表示“认识，观念，看法”，英文解释为“a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem”举个🌰：These photographs will affect people's perceptions of war. 这些照片会影响人们对战争的看法。
2）表示“知觉；感知”，英文解释为“the way you notice things, especially with the senses”如：visual perception 视觉；
🎬电影《失落的大陆》（Land of the Lost）中的台词提到：he has terrible depth perception 他的深度感知力很差。
enhance
enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ 表示“提高；增加；增强；增进”，英文解释为“to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something”举个🌰：These scandals will not enhance the organization's reputation. 这些丑闻可不会提高这个组织的声誉。
diminish
1）表示“减少；（使）减弱，缩减；降低”，英文解释为“to become or to make sth become smaller, weaker, etc.”举个🌰：His influence has diminished with time. 随着时间的推移，他的影响已不如从前了。
2）表示“贬低；贬损；轻视”，英文解释为“to make sb/sth seem less important than they really are”举个🌰：I don't wish to diminish the importance of their contribution. 我并不想贬低他们所作贡献的重要性。
Why Do We Feel Depressed After the Holidays? 为何我们在假期后会感到沮丧？
Unless you have a three-week vacation in August or some other big diversion during the year, the holidays may be the only time regular life is interrupted. Even if your holidays weren't so merry and bright, the brain exaggerates the realities of day-to-day life, making the return to the mundane seem disproportionately more anxiety-inducing and depressing than it actually is.
除非你在8月份有三周的假期或一年中有其他重大的生活变化，否则节假日可能是日常生活被打断的唯一时期。即使你的节假日并没有那么欢乐，大脑也会放大日常生活的现实，使得回归平淡的生活看似比实际情况更令人焦虑和沮丧。
diversion
diversion /daɪˈvɜː.ʃən/ 1）表示“转移注意力的事物；分心的事物”，英文解释为“something that takes your attention away from something else”举个🌰：Shoplifters often work in pairs, with one creating a diversion to distract the staff while the other steals the goods. 商店窃贼通常结伙作案，一人转移店员的注意力，另一人则偷盗货物。
2）表示“消遣，娱乐”，英文解释为“an activity you do for entertainment”举个🌰：Reading is a pleasant diversion. 阅读是一种愉快的消遣。
exaggerate
exaggerate /ɪɡˈzædʒ.ə.reɪt/ 表示“夸张；夸大；对…言过其实”，英文解释为“to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is”举个🌰：Don't exaggerate - it wasn't that expensive. 不要言过其实——没有那么贵。
mundane
mundane /ˈmʌndeɪn/ 表示“世俗的；单调的；平凡的”，英文解释为“very ordinary and therefore not interesting”举个🌰：Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her. 她对付账单、购买食品等琐事不感兴趣。
disproportionately
disproportionately /ˌdɪs.prəˈpɔː.ʃən.ət.li/ 表示“不成比例地；不相称地；太大（或太小）地”，英文解释为“too large or too small when compared with sth else”举个🌰：The lower-paid spend a disproportionately large amount of their earnings on food. 低工资者将收入花在食物上的比例很大。
induce
作动词，此处表示“诱发（某种身体反应）；引起，导致”，英文解释为“to cause a particular physical condition”，如：a drug-induced coma 药物引起的昏迷，举个🌰：Patients with eating disorders may use drugs to induce vomiting. 患有进食障碍的人可使用药物催吐。
Our Brain is Tricking Us 大脑在愚弄我们
According to Dr. Melissa Weinberg, a research consultant and psychologist specializing in well-being and performance psychology, it's a sign of healthy psychological functioning. “It's just one of a series of illusions our brain fools us into believing, in the same way we think bad things are more likely to happen to others than they are to us. Somewhat ironically, the capacity to fool ourselves every single day is an indication of good mental and psychological functioning,” Weinberg explains in The New Daily.
专门研究幸福感和行为心理学的研究顾问和心理学家梅丽莎·温伯格博士（Dr. Melissa Weinberg,）表示，这种情绪低落感其实是心理健康的一种表现。温伯格在《新日报》（The New Daily）上解释道：“这只是大脑愚弄我们相信的一系列错觉之一，就像我们总是认为坏事更容易发生在别人身上，而不是在自己身上一样。有点讽刺的是，每天都能愚弄自己是精神和心理功能良好的表现。”
trick
表示“欺骗，诱骗，哄骗”，英文解释为“to deceive someone, often as a part of a plan”举个🌰：He tricked the old lady into giving him two hundred dollars. 他骗这个老妇人给了他200美元。
illusion
illusion /ɪˈluː.ʒən/ 表示“错误的观念；幻想；假象，错觉”，英文解释为“a false idea or belief, especially about sb or about a situation”举个🌰：I have no illusions about her feelings for me. 我对她跟我的感情不抱什么幻想。
ironically
ironically /aɪˈrɒn.ɪ.kəl.i/ 表示“具有讽刺意味地；出乎意料地；令人啼笑皆非地”，英文解释为“in a way that is interesting, strange, or funny because of being very different from what you would expect”举个🌰：Ironically, these technological tools that were supposed to liberate us have left us working longer hours than ever. 具有讽刺意味的是，这些本应解放我们的技术工具却让我们的工作时间比以往更长。
“So, whether we did enjoy our holiday, and whether we'd rather be on vacation than back at work, our brain is wired to make us believe that we did, or that we would. In doing so, we pay the emotional cost for a well-enjoyed break, and we experience a comedown toward our baseline of well-being.” In other words, you pay the same emotional toll for a crappy vacation as you do for an amazing one.
“所以，无论我们是否享受假期，无论我们是否更愿意度假而不是回去工作，我们的大脑都会让我们相信我们享受了假期，或者我们会享受假期。这样一来，我们就会为享受假期付出情感代价，幸福感也随之下降。”换句话说，你为糟糕的假期和美妙的假期付出的情感代价是一样的。
be wired to
表示“与生俱来，生来……；天生，自然就会”，英文解释为“used to say that someone does or does not have a natural tendency to behave in a certain way, to like something, etc.”
📍2017年考研英语（二）阅读真题中有这么一句话：Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. 婴儿天生会靠观察父母的面孔来理解世界，如果父母面无表情、毫无反应——当他们沉浸于电子设备时经常会这样——这会让孩子们感到非常不安。
类似的：
📍hard-wired表示“天生的，固有的；（能力、方法、活动类型等）基本固定的”，英文解释为“If an ability, approach, or type of activity is hardwired into the brain, it is a basic one and cannot be changed.”举个🌰：Others think that the rules for what is "musical" are hardwired in our brains to some degree. 其他人认为，我们的大脑对什么东西是“悦耳的”在某种程度上有其内在的标准。
📍he和be到底是什么意思？文中提到：This shows that the attraction to the final moments of an experience is hard wired in our brains, said the study, which was published in the Journal Of Neuroscience. 这项研究发表在《神经科学杂志》上，它表明，对经验的最后时刻的吸引在我们的大脑中是天生固有的。
toll
1）表示“伤亡；损失；破坏”，英文解释为“suffering, deaths, or damage”，一般指“（死亡、事故或灾难的）总数”举个🌰：Independent sources say that the death toll from the earthquake runs into thousands. 独立消息人士称地震中的伤亡人数达到数千人。
2）表示“(道路或桥梁）收费；通行费”，英文解释为“A toll road or toll bridge is a road or bridge that you have to pay to use.”举个🌰：Most people who drive the toll roads don't use them every day. 大部分开车上收费公路的人不是每天都走公路。
crappy
crappy /ˈkræp.i/ 表示“讨厌的，没价值的；蹩脚的，劣质的”，英文解释为“unpleasant or of very bad quality”举个🌰：He had a series of crappy jobs. 他做了一连串没意思的工作。
We're Emotionally Exhausted 情绪已透支
The considerable weight of navigating difficult situations and relationships and keeping your cool during the holiday events is another possible factor in post-holiday depression.
在节假日期间，我们要应付各种困境和人际关系，还要保持冷静，这些沉重的负担可能是导致假期后抑郁的另一个因素。
According to psychiatrist and author of “Thriving as an Empath,” Dr. Judith Orloff, putting up a false front and feigning happiness can be incredibly draining. This idea is shared by psychotherapist Dr. Richard O'Connor, who has a theory that we “arm” ourselves during the holiday period as a coping mechanism to deal with stress and difficult emotions and situations
根据精神科医生、《安住当下》（Thriving as an Empath）一书作者朱迪斯·欧洛芙（Judith Orloff）博士的说法，伪装自己，假装快乐，会让人筋疲力尽。心理治疗师理查德·奥康纳（Richard O'Connor）博士也认同这一观点，他认为我们在节假日期间“武装”自己，以此作为应对压力和困难情绪及情形的一种机制。
feign
feign /feɪn/表示“假装，装作，佯装（有某种感觉或生病、疲倦等）”，英文解释为“to pretend that you have a particular feeling or that you are ill/sick, tired, etc.”举个🌰：One morning, I didn't want to go to school, and decided to feign illness. 一天早上，我不愿去上学，就决定装病。
draining
draining /ˈdreɪ.nɪŋ/ 表示“（精力）耗尽的”，英文解释为“making you feel very tired”举个🌰：Reliving painful experiences can be emotionally draining. 重温痛苦的经历可能会让人情绪透支。
Diet Plays A Role Too 饮食也有影响
The sugar and alcohol-fueled diets many of us thrive (or rather survive) on during the holiday period could also be a culprit. Alcohol is a widely recognized depressant and research has also linked junk food to depression. Unsurprisingly, after a long period of overindulgence, we might not be feeling our best.
在节假日期间，许多人依赖含糖和含酒精的饮食来“充实”（或者更准确地说，是“勉强维持”）自己的生活，这种饮食习惯也可能是导致节后情绪低落的一个原因。酒精是一种广为人知的抑制剂，研究也发现垃圾食品与抑郁症有关。长时间过度放纵后感到不适，一点也不奇怪。
depressant
depressant /dɪˈpres.ənt/ 表示“抑制剂，抑郁剂”，英文解释为“a drug that slows the rate of the body's functions”举个🌰：Alcohol is a depressant. 酒精能使人消沉。
junk food
junk food /ˈdʒʌŋk ˌfuːd/ 表示“垃圾食品”，英文解释为“food that is unhealthy but is quick and easy to eat”
overindulgence
overindulgence /ˌəʊ.və.rɪnˈdʌl.dʒəns/ 表示“（尤指在饮食方面）过度放任（自己）”，英文解释为“behaviour in which you allow yourself to have too much of something enjoyable, especially food or drink”举个🌰：For many Americans, Thanksgiving is a time of overindulgence. 对许多美国人来说，感恩节是一个放纵自我的好机会。
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