丹麦女王宣布将退位
近日，丹麦女王玛格丽特二世突然宣布，她将于2024年1月14日退位，并将王位传给自己的儿子、丹麦王储弗雷德里克。据了解，1月14日将是她登基52周年纪念日。
🤔️小作业：
1. How did Queen Margrethe II's back surgery in February 2023 influence her decision?
A) It forced her to abdicate immediately.
B) It led her to reflect on her future and reign.
C) It incapacitated her, making royal duties impossible.
D) It was unrelated to her decision to abdicate.
A) Her Royal Highness
B) Crown Princess Consort
C) Queen Mother
D) Queen Consort
无注释原文：
Danish Queen Margrethe announces surprise abdication after 52 years on the throne
From: CNN
In a surprise move Denmark's Queen Margrethe II has announced she will abdicate her role early in 2024, after a reign lasting more than five decades.
Margrethe, 83, will hand over the throne to her son, Crown Prince Frederik, she said in her traditional New Year's Eve speech broadcast on Danish television.
She cited a back surgery in February 2023 as giving her thoughts about the future.
“In two weeks time I have been Queen of Denmark for 52 years,” she said.
“Such an amount will leave its mark on anybody – also on me! The time takes its toll, and the number of ‘ailments' increases. One cannot undertake as much as one managed in the past,” she added.
“In February this year I underwent extensive back surgery,” she said. “Everything went well, thanks to the competent health personnel, who took care of me. Inevitably, the operation gave cause to thoughts about the future – whether now would be an appropriate time to pass on the responsibility to the next generation.
“I have decided that now is the right time,” she said.
“On 14th January, 2024 – 52 years after I succeeded my beloved father – I will step down as Queen of Denmark. I will hand over the throne to my son Crown Prince Frederik.
Queen Margrethe II took over the throne on 14 January 1972 following the death of King Frederik IX.
After the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II last year Margrethe became the longest-serving monarch in Europe.
Prince Frederik will take over the throne as His Majesty King Frederik X in January, the Danish Prime Minister's office said in a statement.
His wife, Australian-born Princess Mary, will become Queen Consort - the first Australian to ever ascend to the role.
The couple famously met in a Sydney bar during the 2000 Olympics and her admirers watched from afar as she joined the ranks of the Danish royals.
Princess Mary's rise to the throne will ensure a large audience for the ceremony from her former home in Hobart, Tasmania, where she worked as a real estate sales executive before meeting the prince.
On January 14, after a meeting in the Council of State, the Prime Minister will proclaim the change of throne at Christiansborg Castle.
The Queen will continue to be titled as Her Majesty following the handover.
Denmark's royals have a limited role under the country's constitution, with power resting with parliament. Monarchs play an important ambassadorial role as well as signing off on new legislation.
Margrethe has throughout her life enjoyed broad support from Danes, Reuters reports.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Danish Queen Margrethe announces surprise abdication after 52 years on the throne
From: CNN
In a surprise move Denmark's Queen Margrethe II has announced she will abdicate her role early in 2024, after a reign lasting more than five decades.
丹麦女王玛格丽特二世（Queen Margrethe II）突然宣布，在执政50多年后，她将于2024年初退位。
abdicate
abdicate /ˈæb.dɪ.keɪt/ 表示“退位”，英文解释为“If a king or queen abdicates, he or she gives up being king or queen.”举个🌰：King Edward VIII abdicated (the British throne) in 1936. 英王爱德华八世在1936年退位（放弃英国王位）。
reign
reign /reɪn/ 作名词，1）表示“为王，为君；当政；统治”，英文解释为“the period of time when a king or queen rules a country”如：the reign of Henry VIII 亨利八世的统治。
2）表示“主宰（或支配）的时期”，英文解释为“a period when a particular person, feeling, or quality is very important or has a strong influence”如：his successful reign as manager of the team 他作为经理对这个小组的成功驾驭。
作动词，1）表示“统治；当政；为王；为君”，英文解释为“to rule as king, queen, emperor , etc.”举个🌰：Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901. 维多利亚女王自1837年至1901年在位。
2）从第一个含义引申出来，可以解释为“主宰；盛行；成为最显著的 ”，英文解释为“to be the most obvious feature of a place or moment”举个🌰：Confusion reigned about how the debate would end. 这场辩论将如何结束的问题令人困惑。
📍写作里可以试试这个表达，xxx reigned. 表示某个东西“占据了主导地位”，既简洁又高级。当然，要注意主语单复数/可不可数。At last silence reigned (= there was complete silence). 最后，万籁俱寂。
🎬电影《黑衣人2》（Men in Black II）中的台词提到：We have lived by its word, and peace has reigned throughout our world. 我们一直谨守诫律 和平相处。
Margrethe, 83, will hand over the throne to her son, Crown Prince Frederik, she said in her traditional New Year's Eve speech broadcast on Danish television.
现年83岁的玛格丽特女王在丹麦电视台播出的常规新年前夕致辞中表示，她将把王位传给她的儿子，王储弗雷德里克（Frederik）。
hand sth over
表示“把…交给，把…送交”，英文解释为“to give something to someone else”举个🌰：They were ordered to hand over our passports. 有人命令他们交出护照。
throne
throne /θroʊn/ 表示“王位；王权；帝位”，英文解释为“the position of being a king or queen”举个🌰：Queen Elizabeth came/succeeded to the throne in 1952. 伊丽莎白女王于1952年即位/登基。
📍"throne"在某些文化和语境中，是对马桶的幽默或委婉的称呼。
crown prince
crown prince /ˌkraʊn ˈprɪns/ 表示“王储，皇太子”，英文解释为“the man who will be king of a country when the ruling king or queen dies”
broadcast
broadcast /ˈbrɔːd.kɑːst/ 可以作名词，也可以作名词，表示“播送（电视或无线电节目）；广播”，英文解释为“to send out a programme on television or radio”举个🌰：The tennis championship is broadcast live to several different countries. 网球锦标赛向几个国家现场直播。
📍注：broadcast的过去式：broadcasted (美式) / broadcast 都可以。
She cited a back surgery in February 2023 as giving her thoughts about the future.
她提到2023年2月接受背部手术的经历，让她对未来有了思考。
surgery
surgery /ˈsɜː.dʒər.i/ 表示“外科手术”，英文解释为“the treatment of injuries or diseases in people or animals by cutting open the body and removing or repairing the damaged part”举个🌰：The patient had/underwent surgery on his heart. 这位病人接受了心脏外科手术。
“In two weeks time I have been Queen of Denmark for 52 years,” she said.
“再过两周，我当丹麦女王就满52年了，”她说。
“Such an amount will leave its mark on anybody – also on me! The time takes its toll, and the number of ‘ailments' increases. One cannot undertake as much as one managed in the past,” she added.
“这漫长的岁月在每个人身上都会留下痕迹，我亦不例外。岁月悠悠，随之而来的‘伤病’也日益增多。不可否认，随着时间的流逝，我们所能承受的也在悄然减少，”她补充道。
take its/a toll
表示“造成损失（或伤亡、破坏）；产生负面影响”，英文解释为“If something takes its/a toll, it causes suffering, deaths, or damage.”举个🌰：The problems of the past few months have taken their toll on her health and there are shadows under her eyes. 过去几个月里的问题影响了她的健康，她眼睛出现了黑眼圈。
📍2020年意大利约1万名医学生免除考试 投入抗疫一线文中，路透社（Reuters）报道就提到：The epidemic has so far taken a relatively light toll on Italy's main cities, 到目前为止，新冠疫情对意大利主要城市造成的损失相对较小，
ailment
ailment /ˈeɪl.mənt/ 表示“小病，微恙”，英文解释为“an illness”举个🌰：Treat minor ailments yourself. 一点儿小毛病可以自己治。
undertake
undertake /ˌʌn.dəˈteɪk/ 1）表示“（开始）做，承担，从事（尤指耗时或困难之事）”，英文解释为“to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult”举个🌰：Students are required to undertake simple experiments. 要求学生们做些简单的实验。
2）undertake to do表示“承诺，允诺，答应”，英文解释为“to promise that you will do something”举个🌰：She undertook not to publish the names of the people involved. 她答应不公布有关人员的名字。
“In February this year I underwent extensive back surgery,” she said. “Everything went well, thanks to the competent health personnel, who took care of me. Inevitably, the operation gave cause to thoughts about the future – whether now would be an appropriate time to pass on the responsibility to the next generation.
“今年2月，我接受了大范围的背部手术，”她说。“手术非常成功，这都归功于那些技艺高超、关怀备至的医护人员。这场手术无疑引发了我对未来的种种思考，让我审视是否现在是时候，将重担交由年轻一代。”
undergo
表示“经历，经受（令人不快的事或变化） ”，英文解释为“to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change”举个🌰：Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity. 棋盘游戏正经历着一场复兴。
🎬电影《白日梦想家》（The Secret Life of Walter Mitty）中的台词提到：But as we undergo this transition to LIFE online... we wanted to be candid with you... 但由于我们处于"生活"杂志网络化的过渡期...所以我们想明白告诉你们...
competent
competent /ˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/ 表示“有能力的；能干的；称职的”，英文解释为“able to do something well”如：a competent rider/cook 能干的骑手/厨师。
“I have decided that now is the right time,” she said.
“我已经决定，现在是合适的时机了，”她说。
“On 14th January, 2024 – 52 years after I succeeded my beloved father – I will step down as Queen of Denmark. I will hand over the throne to my son Crown Prince Frederik.
“2024年1月14日，正好是接替我敬爱的父亲52年后的那一天，我将告别丹麦女王的宝座。届时，我将把王位传给我的儿子——皇储弗雷德里克。”
succeed
succeed /səkˈsiːd/ 1）表示“接替，继任；继承”，英文解释为“to take an official job or position after someone else”举个🌰：He succeeded his father as editor of the paper. 他接替父亲成为了报纸的主编。
2）表示“成功；实现目标；达到目的”，英文解释为“If you succeed, you achieve something that you have been aiming for, and if a plan or piece of work succeeds, it has the results that you wanted.”举个🌰：She's been trying to pass her driving test for six years and she's finally succeeded. 六年来，她一直努力想通过驾照考试，终于得偿所愿。
step down
step down等同于step aside，表示“退位”，英文解释为“If someone steps down or steps aside, they resign from an important job or position, often in order to let someone else take their place.”举个🌰：He has decided to step down as captain of the team. 他决定不再当队长。
类似的还有：
📍quit，除了退出，离开的含义，也有：辞去（工作）；辞职，的含义（If you quit, or quit your job, you choose to leave it.）举个🌰：He quit his job as an office boy. 他辞去了办公室勤杂员的工作。
📺美剧《恋爱手册》（A To Z）中的台词提到：Quit my job and then ask him out? 辞职然后约他出去？
📍resign 1）表示“辞职”，英文解释为“If you resign from a job or position, you formally announce that you are leaving it.”举个🌰：He resigned his position last month. 他上个月辞去了他的职位。
2）表示“使屈从”，英文解释为“If you resign yourself to an unpleasant situation or fact, you accept it because you realize that you cannot change it.”举个🌰：Jane and I resigned ourselves to yet another summer without a boat. 简和我将就着又过了一个没有船的夏天。
Queen Margrethe II took over the throne on 14 January 1972 following the death of King Frederik IX.
1972年1月14日，丹麦国王弗雷德里克九世（King Frederik IX）去世后，玛格丽特二世继承了王位。
After the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II last year Margrethe became the longest-serving monarch in Europe.
在英国女王伊丽莎白二世（Queen Elizabeth II）去年去世后，玛格丽特女王成为了欧洲在位时间最长的君主。
monarch
monarch /ˈmɒn.ək/ 表示“君王；国王，皇帝;女王，女皇”，英文解释为“a king or queen”如：a hereditary monarch 世袭的国王。
Prince Frederik will take over the throne as His Majesty King Frederik X in January, the Danish Prime Minister's office said in a statement.
丹麦首相办公室在一份声明中表示，弗雷德里克王子将于1月份接替王位，成为弗雷德里克十世国王陛下。
His wife, Australian-born Princess Mary, will become Queen Consort - the first Australian to ever ascend to the role.
他的妻子、出生于澳大利亚的玛丽公主将成为王后，她将是有史以来第一位登上王后宝座的澳大利亚人。
consort
consort /kənˈsɔːt/ 表示“（统治者的）配偶”，英文解释为“the husband or wife of a ruler”，如：the prince consort (= the queen's husband) 亲王（女王的丈夫）。
📍Queen Consort：the wife of a reigning king 王后
ascend
ascend /əˈsend/ 1）表示“上升；攀登；登上”，英文解释为“to move up or climb something”举个🌰：They slowly ascended the steep path up the mountain. 他们沿着陡峭的山路缓缓向上攀登。
2）表示“登上高的职位;升级，晋级”，英文解释为“to rise to a position of higher rank”举个🌰：He eventually ascended to the position of chief executive. 他最终登上了总裁的宝座。
The couple famously met in a Sydney bar during the 2000 Olympics and her admirers watched from afar as she joined the ranks of the Danish royals.
他们两人于2000年奥运会期间在悉尼的一家酒吧里相遇，自那以后，她的爱慕者们则远远地望着她加入丹麦王室的行列。
join the ranks
表示“加入行列”，英文解释为“to become one of a particular large group of people”举个🌰：I'll probably have to join the ranks of the unemployed. 我很可能不得不加入失业大军。
Princess Mary's rise to the throne will ensure a large audience for the ceremony from her former home in Hobart, Tasmania, where she worked as a real estate sales executive before meeting the prince.
玛丽王后的加冕礼，将会吸引大量来自其老家塔斯马尼亚州霍巴特的观众，在遇到王子之前，她曾在那里担任房地产销售主管。
real estate
real estate /ˈrɪəl ɪˌsteɪt/ 表示“房地产；不动产”，英文解释为“property in the form of land or buildings”举个🌰：We're going to buy a piece of real estate. 我们要买一处房产。
On January 14, after a meeting in the Council of State, the Prime Minister will proclaim the change of throne at Christiansborg Castle.
2024年1月14日，丹麦国务委员会举行会议后，首相将在克里斯蒂安堡宫宣布王位更迭。
proclaim
roclaim /prəˈkleɪm/ 表示“宣布；声明”，英文解释为“to say publicly or officially that something important is true or exists”，proclaim后面可以接单个的名词，也可以接that+从句，举个🌰：She was proclaimed Queen at the age of 13 after the sudden death of her father. 父亲突然去世后，她13岁就被立为女王。
📺英剧《唐顿庄园》（Downton Abbey）第五季中的台词提到：Don't proclaim your intransigence as if it were a virtue. 别把你的强硬态度当做什么优点炫耀。
The Queen will continue to be titled as Her Majesty following the handover.
退位之后，玛格丽特女王仍将被尊称为陛下。
Her Majesty
Majesty /ˈmædʒ.ə.sti/ 表示“（对国王、女王或王后的尊称）陛下”，英文解释为“the title used to speak to or about a king or queen”举个🌰：I was invited to tea with Her Majesty the Queen. 我受邀与女王陛下共进下午茶。The performance begins at eight o'clock, (Your) Majesty. 演出8点半开始，陛下。
Denmark's royals have a limited role under the country's constitution, with power resting with parliament. Monarchs play an important ambassadorial role as well as signing off on new legislation.
根据丹麦宪法，丹麦王室的职责有限，权力属于议会。丹麦君主在对外关系上扮演重要的角色，并负责签署新的立法。
constitution
constitution /ˌkɒn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ 1）表示“宪法；章程”，英文解释为“the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed, especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs”举个🌰：Britain has no written constitution. 英国没有成文宪法。
2）表示“组成；构成；结构；构造”，英文解释为“how something is made up of different parts”如：the constitution of a chemical compound 化合物的结构。
3）熟词僻义，表示“体质，体格”，英文解释为“the general state of someone's health”举个🌰：He has a very strong constitution. 他体格很强壮。
rest with sb
1）表示“是（某人）的责任；由（某人）负责”，英文解释为“If a responsibility or decision rests with someone, they are responsible for it.”举个🌰：The authority to call an emergency meeting rests with the president. 召集紧急会议的权力在总统手中。
2）rest with sb/sth表示“依靠；依赖；寄托于”，英文解释为“to depend on someone or something”举个🌰：Our hopes rest with you. 我们的希望寄托在你身上。
parliament
parliament /ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt/ 表示“议会”，英文解释为“in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country”
ambassadorial
ambassadorial /æmˌbæs.əˈdɔː.ri.əl/ 表示“大使的”，英文解释为“belonging or relating to an ambassador”如：the ambassadorial car/residence 大使专用车/住所。
legislation
legislation /ˌledʒ.ɪˈsleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“法律；立法”，英文解释为“a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament”举个🌰：The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel emissions from cars. 政府许诺将通过立法来限制汽车尾气排放。
Margrethe has throughout her life enjoyed broad support from Danes, Reuters reports.
据路透社报道，玛格丽特女王一生都受到丹麦人的爱戴。
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