【双语社评】特朗普歪曲中美关税全貌忽悠世界

环球时报GlobalTimes

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注：每段英文后均有对应中文，可往下拖动查看

After US President Donald Trump softened his trade tone with China on his Twitter account Sunday, he tweeted early Monday local time, "When a car is sent to the United States from China, there is a Tariff to be paid of 2 1/2%. When a car is sent to China from the United States, there is a Tariff to be paid of 25%." He called it a stupid trade that has been going on for years. (向下滑动查看中文内容)

特朗普总统8日放软身段发推特对中国喊话后，又在美国时间9日一大早发推特，指责中国汽车进入美国只要交2.5%的关税，美国汽车进入中国却要交25%的关税，他称这是持续了很多年的“愚蠢贸易”。

Trump has repeatedly used the example of vehicle tariffs. It sounds like China's tariffs on auto imports are indeed much higher than those of the US, which can effectively fool the US citizens. But in fact, Trump is deliberately misleading the public's recognition on the big picture of Sino-US trade. (向下滑动查看中文内容)

特朗普反复举汽车关税这个例子，乍一听，中国的汽车关税确实比美国的高很多，很能唬美国的民众。但他这样做是地地道道的煽情，是把美国国内搞竞选的那一套拿到中美之间和世界上来忽悠了，他在刻意误导公众对中美贸易全貌的认识。

To begin with, China's current 25-percent tariff on car imports was recognized by the WTO when China joined the organization. China strictly performed the requirements of the WTO to lower its tariff level from 15 percent to 10 percent. In 2010, the figure dropped to 9.8 percent, which over-fulfilled Beijing's promise. Taking the free trade zones into consideration, China's trade-weighted average tariff rate is 4.4 percent, which is close to the level of developed countries. (向下滑动查看中文内容)

首先，25%的汽车关税是中国加入WTO时谈好的，是美国贸易代表签了字的。中国严格执行了WTO对中国约束关税从15.3%降到10%的要求，而且中国的这一关税水平2010年已经降到世界公认的9.8%，超额完成了承诺。而且中国将自贸区等因素考虑进去的实际贸易加权平均税率只有4.4%，接近了发达国家水平。

The US imposes a 2.5-percent tariff on cars but a 25-percent tariff on trucks. In the meantime, China only imposes a 20-percent tariff on trucks. While Washington levies tariffs of up to 30 percent on T-shirt imports, the figure of China is only 15 percent. (向下滑动查看中文内容)

美国对乘用车的进口税率只有2.5%，但是它的卡车进口税率却高达25%，中国的同一税率只有20%。美国的衬衫进口税率平均30%左右，中国只有15%左右。乘用车的悬殊税率根本不能反映两国关税情况的全貌。

It should be noted that the 25-percent tariff was imposed on complete vehicle imported to China - other imported auto parts are taxed only at 10 percent and most US cars that are sold in China are produced in China. In 2017, US cars accounted for around 280,000 imports into China while about 21,000 Chinese vehicles are exported to the US. (向下滑动查看中文内容)

而且需要指出的是，中国25%的税率是对进口整车收的，零部件只有10%。美国在华销售的大部分汽车都是美国汽车公司在中国的分公司生产的。仅通用2017年在中国销售的汽车就突破了400万辆，福特近120万辆。另外美国2017年向中国出口了28万辆整车。而同一年，中国一共向美国出口2.1万辆汽车。

The huge disparity reflects the fact that China is the largest developing country. Tariffs have not prevented US automakers from entering and making lucrative profits from the Chinese market. WTO rules on tariffs in developing countries make sense because they help strike a balance between ensuring big corporations make profits and developing countries realize industrialization gradually. The world's leading automakers agreed to build joint-ventures in China from the beginning because this form of cooperation is in line with their interests. Over the years, these companies have established win-win relationships with China, instead of being exploited by China. (向下滑动查看中文内容)

这一巨大差距反映出，中国的确是世界最大的发展中国家。关税根本没有挡住美国汽车对中国市场的占领，也没有阻碍美国汽车公司在中国市场的获益。WTO对发展中国家有关税保护的规则，是有道理的。它在保护世界生产巨头的利益和发展中国家逐步实现工业进步之间寻求了一种平衡。当初世界大汽车公司纷纷同意在中国合资建厂，说明那种合作方式符合它们的利益。多年来它们在中国赚得钵满盆盈，与中国是共赢关系，而非受到中国方面的盘剥。

Yet Trump deems this is not fair to the US. According to his logic, millions of vehicles that US automakers sell in China annually should all be made in the US, offering jobs to Americans and turning in taxes to the US government. China should only import vehicles from the US without the ability to manufacture its own. If US companies build factories in China, it must be solely owned by US investors. This is fairness to Trump only if China accepts all these conditions. In the high-end manufacturing sector and technology innovation field, Washington wishes that China would set no barrier. (向下滑动查看中文内容)

但是特朗普总统却认为美国在这当中“吃亏了”。按照他的意思，美国一年在中国销售的数百万辆汽车最好都在美国生产，工作给美国人，税收交给美国政府，中国只买整车，永远不具有生产能力。即使美国公司在中国建厂，也必须是中国没有人看得懂的美国独资企业。他觉得中国接受这些条件，才叫公平。华盛顿还希望，中国在高端制造业和科技创新领域全都缴械投降，不设关税地购买美国产品，而且不许学习，永远做美国高端制造业的消费市场。

With the development of China's economic growth and strength of science and technology, further opening-up and lowering of tariffs will be the future trend. But how China will do this will be decided based on WTO rules and China's own interests. This is China's sovereignty. Beijing will never listen to the command of Washington. (向下滑动查看中文内容)

随着中国经济增长和科技实力的逐渐增强，我们进一步扩大开放，把关税降得更低是大势所趋。但中国该怎么降，要按照WTO的规则和中国自己的利益通盘考虑，这是中国的主权，我们决不会听华盛顿的指挥。中国不是美国的殖民地，我们立志要发展起来，这一点谁都休想阻挡。

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