其他
“药食同源”?BMJ建议将食物纳入医疗保健
关键信息:
● 饮食相关的慢性疾病蔓延全球,面对这种趋势,人们开始越来越多地尝试“食物即药物”的干预措施,来预防、管理和治疗疾病。●在美国,这些干预措施越来越常见,而其它国家也开始在一定范围内进行试点,具体包括医疗定制餐、医疗定制食材以及农产品处方计划(produce prescription programmes)。
● 要将食疗及其它新兴的营养干预措施大规模整合到医疗保健体系中,需要大量经费来缜密地研究和测试不同的方法,以填补知识缺口。
●临床医生需要更多、更好的教育和培训,了解并熟识这些干预措施的适用性和使用方法。
●我们还需要持续的资金来源,以确保患者获得平等的治疗机会和充足的资源。
食物即药物
食物即药物的干预措施
缺乏粮食保障
食物即药物的益处
融入医疗保健
Box: 在美国医疗保健中将食品纳入药物干预措施的示例
马萨诸塞州17和加利福尼亚州18在高风险人群中使用食物即药物的干预措施。政府通过医疗保健系统为这些服务付费。马萨诸塞州的项目于 2019 年启动,提供家庭送餐(医疗定制餐和非医疗定制餐)、果蔬食材、帮助申请非医疗保健营养计划,以及在法律上支持各项福利、提供家庭用品以满足饮食需求(炊具),通过教育和烹饪课程培养营养技能,以及提供交通和物流帮助。
要获得这些服务,患者必须符合以下条件:满足一项健康需求标准(精神疾病、高危妊娠、复杂疾病、在过去六个月中去过两次急诊、日常生活中有一项或一项以上的行动限制)和一个危险因素(无家可归、频临无家可归、营养不良的风险或由于粮食没有保障而造成的营养失衡风险)。
该项目衡量以下结果:急诊使用情况、住院情况、整体医疗保健支出、临床结果以及在社区中独立生活的能力。项目试点的结果将在 2022 年公布。
除了通过医疗保健系统资助“食物即药物”项目外,政府还拨款数百万美元来资助农业,在全国八个州建立了农产品处方项目。
未来发展方向
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