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Nature子刊探讨微生物抗癌,6位专家发表万字观点
这是《肠道产业》第 378 篇文章
编者按:
2013 年,癌症免疫治疗被 Science 杂志评选为年度十大科学突破之首。随着研究的持续深入,癌症研究逐渐与其它学科交织在一起。
最新的研究发现,患者体内的菌群对免疫反应的调控或会直接影响癌症治疗效果。这背后的机制是什么?我们能否刻画出有利于免疫反应的微生物组特征?益生菌在癌症免疫治疗中能扮演什么角色?
今天,我们特别编译了 Nature Review Immunology 发表的关于微生物组与癌症免疫治疗的文章,一起与 6 位专家探讨上述问题。希望本文能够为诸位读者带来一些启发。
能否利用微生物来增强免疫治疗疗效?
当前,我们在鉴定微生物如何塑造癌症的免疫反应上兴致正浓。在不同癌症类型及后续的癌症免疫治疗中,小鼠和人体的各种试验将特定共生菌群与更好的(或更坏的)预后联系了起来。
然而,这其中涉及到的机制仍未明了,甚至存有争议。在本文中,Nature Review Immunology 邀请了这一领域中 6 位顶尖科学家分享他们对本领域中一些关键问题及挑战的看法。
一睹 6 位科学家的真容:
第一位:B. Brett FinlayB. Brett Finlay(以下简称 B.B.F.)是英属哥伦比亚大学迈克尔史密斯实验室的教授,他的研究兴趣集中在分子水平上的宿主—微生物互作,B.B.F.发表了 500 余篇文章。同时,他也是 Let Them Eat Dirt 一书的共同作者。
第二位:Romina Goldszmid
Romina Goldszmid(以下简称 R.G.)是美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)国家癌症研究所综合癌症免疫学实验室的研究员和炎症细胞动力学主任。
在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯大学获得博士学位后,R.G.在 NIH 的国家感染性疾病和过敏研究所完成了博士后训练。她对研究骨髓细胞在癌症和感染中的发育、分化和功能上有着深厚的兴趣。R.G.实验室当前的工作旨在剖析肿瘤中的骨髓细胞库,确定它们在治疗效果上的贡献,揭示微生物组调节其功能的机制。
第三位:Kenya Honda
Kenya Honda(以下简称 K.H.)是庆应大学医学院教授,同时也是日本 KIREN 综合医学科学中心的团队领导。K.H.的实验室一直致力于使用悉生动物模型阐明和解释肠道菌群和宿主免疫系统之间的互利关系。
第四位:Giorgio Trinchieri
Giorgio Trinchieri(以下简称 G.T.)是 NIH 国家癌症研究所癌症研究中心综合癌症免疫学实验室主任,是 NIH 的杰出研究员。
多年以来,他的研究聚焦于炎症、先天性抵抗和获得性免疫的互作,以及促炎细胞因子和干扰素在调节造血、先天性抵抗、抗感染和肿瘤免疫的作用上。G.T.的实验室当前聚焦于炎症、先天性抵抗、免疫和共生菌群在致癌、癌症进展和癌症预防或治疗上的作用。
第五位:Jennifer Wargo
Jennifer Wargo(以下简称 J.W.)是德克萨斯大学 MD 安德森癌症中心的肿瘤外科和基因组医学教授。她是创新微生物组和转化研究(PRIME-TR)项目的负责人。她因其对癌症免疫治疗和微生物组研究的贡献而受到国际认可。
第六位:Laurence Zitvogel
Laurence Zitvogel(以下简称 L.Z.)是巴黎萨克雷大学的全职教授,同时也是法国古斯塔夫鲁西肿瘤免疫学项目的科学主管以及法国国家健康与医学研究院的研究主任。L.Z.在癌症免疫学和免疫治疗领域中做出了贡献,并且是癌症免疫原性细胞死亡和肠道菌群概念的先行者。
● 我们能开发一个可靠的微生物检测,用以鉴定哪些人会从生物制剂中获益,哪些人无需生物制剂也会获益吗?
● 活菌鸡尾酒疗法;
● 能放心的给临床上正接受免疫治疗病人使用的微生物分子。
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