美国高校的比较政治制度课程在读什么？①| 学人编译
点击上方“政治学人”可订阅哦！
一、本期编译
译者简介
翻译：政治学人编译局郑静
二、编译内容
一、Stanford:比较政治制度
授课老师：Kenneth Mori McElwain
1、目标：
本课程主要考察政治制度的起源、功能和影响。我们将要研究政治行为者的行为是如何受到制约的，以及如何通过所处的制度框架（从一般的民主与专制政体，到具体的总统与议会制度、或单一选区与比例代表制的选举规则）在不同的政策产出中发挥作用的。除了研究政治制度的影响，我们也探索关于制度内生性的问题，也就是制度从何而来，制度又是如何随着时间而不断变迁。
2、阅读材料（必读）：
Lijphart,A. (1999). Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance inThirty-Six Countries.New Haven, Yale University Press.
Cox,G. W. (1997). Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
Tsebelis,G. (2002). Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. New York, Princeton University Press and Russell Sage Foundation.
RussellJ. Dalton and Martin P. Wattenberg (eds.), Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies (Oxford: Oxford University Press,2000), pp. 238-257
3、背景读物（非必读）：
North,Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. NewYork:Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Knight,J. (1992). Institutions and Social Conflict. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Thelen,K. (1999). "Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics."Annual Review of Political Science1999(2): 369-404.
Shepsle,K. A. (1989). "Studying Institutions: Some Lessons from the Rational Choice Approach." Journalof Theoretical Politics 1(2): 131-147.
Tsebelis,G. (2002). Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. New York, Princeton University Press and Russell Sage Foundation.; Chpt. Introduction, 1-2
Alexander,G. (2001). "Institutions, Path Dependence, and Democratic Consolidation." Journal of Theoretical Politics 13(3): 249-270.
第一周：民主国家有什么不同？
Olson, M.(1993). "Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development." American Political Science Review87(3): 567-576. ONLINE
Weingast,Barry R. "The Political Foundation of Democracy and the Rule of Law."American Political Science Review 91. 2 (1997): 245-63. ONLINE
Przeworski,A. and F. Limongi (1997). “Modernization: Theories and Facts.” World Politics49(2).ONLINE
Tsebelis,Chpt. 3
Lijphart,Chpts. 2, 3
推荐：
Bates, R. H.and D.-H. D. Lien (1985). "A Note on Taxation, Development, and Representative Government." Politics and Society 14(1): 53-70.
Boix, C.(2001). "Democracy, Development, and the Public Sector." American Journal of Political Science 45(1): 1-17.
Kitschelt,H. (2000). "Linkages between Citizens and Politicians in Democratic Polities." Comparative Political Studies 33(6/7): 845-879.
Moore,Barrington. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Boston: Beacon Press,1966.
Huntington,Samuel. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press,1969.
Linz, Juan,and Alfred Stepan. Problems in Democratic Transition and Consolidation:Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Dahl, R. A.(1971). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven, Yale University Press.
Geddes,Barbara. "Authoritarian Breakdown: Empirical Test of a Game Theoretic Argument." Paper presented at the American Political Science Association 1999.
Diamond, L.(1999). Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University.
Przeworski,A. (1991). Democracy and the Market. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
第二周：政党的作用和行为
Aldrich, J.H. (1995). Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Chpt. 2. COURSEWORK
Lijphart,Chpt. 5
Dalton and Wattenberg, Chpts. 4, 5, 8
Katz, R. S.and P. Mair (1995). "Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party." Party Politics 1(1): 5-28. ONLINE
推荐：
Duverger, M.(1954). Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State.New York, Wiley.
Sartori, G.(1976). Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge,Cambridge University Press.
Kirchheimer,O. (1990). "The Catch-All Party." The West European Party System. P.Mair. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 50-60.
Kalyvas, S.N. (1998). "From Pulpit to Party: Party Formation and the Christian Democratic Phenomenon."Comparative Politics 30(3): 293-312.
Strom, K.(1989). "Inter-Party Competition in Advanced Democracies." Journal of Theoretical Politics 1(3): 277-300.
Mainwaring,S. and T. R. Scully (1996). Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America. Stanford,Stanford University Press.
Mair, P.(1997). Party System Change. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Gunther, R.and L. Diamond (2003). "Species of Political Parties: A New Typology." Party Politics 9(2): 167-199.
Lipset,Seymour M., and Stein Rokkan, eds. Party Systems and Voter Alignments. New York: Free Press, 1967.
Hug, Simon.Altering Party Systems: Strategic Behavior and the Emergence of New Political Parties in Western Democracies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001.
第三周：选举制度或“决定谁当权的规则”
Lijphart,Chpt. 8
Cox,G. W. (1997). Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems. Cambridge,Cambridge University Press., Chpts. 2-3, 8, 10-11
Carey,J. M. and M. S. Shugart (1995). "Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote:A Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas." Electoral Studies 14(4): 417-439. ONLINE
推荐：
Caramani,D. (2003). "The End of Silent Elections: The Birth of Electoral Competition, 1832-1915." Party Politics 9(4): 411-443.
Rae,D. (1967). The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. New Haven, Yale University Press.
Reed,S. R. (1991). "Structure and Behavior: Extending Duverger's Law to the Japanese Case." British Journal of Political Science 29(1): 335-356.
Lijphart,Arend. Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies 1945-1990. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1994.
Gallagher,M. (1991). "Proportionality, Disproportionality, and Electoral Systems." Electoral Studies 10(1): 33-51.
Ordeshook,Peter, and Olga Shvetsova. "Ethnic Heterogeneity, District Magnitude, and the Number of Parties."American Journal of Political Science 38 (1994).
Taagepera,R. and M. S. Shugart (1989). Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems. New Haven, Yale University Press., Chpts TBA
Blais,A., D. Blake and S. Dion (1993). "Do Parties Make A Difference? Partiesand the Size of Government in Liberal Democracies." American Journal of Political Science 37(1): 40-62.
Weingast,Barry R., Kenneth A. Shepsle, and Christopher Johnsen. "The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs: ANeoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics." Journal of Political Economy 89. 4(1981): 642-64.
Horiuchi,Y. and J. Saito (2003). "Reapportionment and Redistribution: Consequences of Electoral Reform inJapan." American Journal of Political Science 47(4): 669-682(14).
第四周：党派政治和再分配
Meltzer,Allan H., and Scott F. Richard. "A Rational Theory of the Size of Government." Journal of Political Economy 89.5 (1981): 914-27. ONLINE
Powell,G. B. and G. D. Whitten (1993). "A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting: Taking Account of the Political Context." American Journal of Political Science 37(2): 391-414. ONLINE
Boix,C. (2000). "Partisan Governments, The International Economy, and Macroeconomic Policies in Advanced Nations, 1960-93." World Politics 53(October): 38-73. ONLINE
Chhibber,P. and I. Nooruddin (2004). "Do Party Systems Count? The Number of Partiesand Government Performancein the Indian States." Comparative Political Studies 37(2): 152-187. ONLINE
Daltonand Wattenberg, Chpts. 2, 10
推荐：
Downs, A.(1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York, Harper and Row., Chpts. 5-8
Hibbs,Douglas. "Political Parties and Macroeconomic Policy." American Political Science Review 71 (1977):1467-87.
Iversen,T. (1994). "The Logics of Electoral Politics: Spatial, Directional, and Mobilizational Effects."Comparative Political Studies 27(2): 155-189.
Lewis-Beck,Michael. Economics and Elections: The Major Western Democracies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1988.
Lewis-Beck,M. and M. Stegmaier (2000). "Economic Determinants of Electoral Outcomes." Annual Review of Political Science 3: 183-219.
Przeworski,Adam, and John Sprague. Paper Stones: A History of Electoral Socialism.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Inglehart,Ronald. Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Hallerberg,M. and J. Von Hagen (1999). "Electoral Institutions, Cabinet Negotiations,and Budget Deficits in the European Union." Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance. J. M. Poterba and J. VonHagen. Chicago, University of Chicago Press: 209-232.
第五周：总统制
Shugart,M. S. and J. M. Carey (1992). Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Designand Electoral Dynamics.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press., Chpts. 2, 6-7.
COURSEWORK
Frye,T. (1997). "A Politics of Institutional Choice: Post-Communist Presidencies."Comparative Political Studies 30(5):523-552. ONLINE
Cheibub,Jose Antonio. "Presidentialism, Electoral Identifiability, and Budget Balances in Democratic Systems." American Political Science Review 100. 3 (2006): 353-68.ONLINE
Lijphart,Chpt. 7
推荐：
Alesina,A. and H. Rosenthal (1995). Partisan Politics, Divided Government, and the Economy. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.; Chpts. TBA
Alt,J. E. and R. C. Lowry (1994). "Divided Government, Fiscal Institutions,and Budget Deficits-Evidence from theStates." American Political Science Review 88(4): 811-828.
Moe,T. M. and M. Caldwell (1994). "The Institutional Foundations of Democratic Government: A Comparison ofPresidential and Parliamentary Systems." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics150(1): 171-195.
Poguntke,Thomas, and Paul Webb, eds. The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of ModernDemocracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Skowronek,Stephen. The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to George Bush. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1993.
第六周：议会制
Lijphart,Chpt. 6
Luebbert,Gregory M. Comparative Democracy: Policymaking and Governing Coalitions in Europe and Israel. NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1986., Chpt. 3.
COURSEWORK
Strom,K., I. Budge and M. Laver (1994). "Constraints on Cabinet Formation in Parliamentary Democracies."American Journal of Political Science 38(2): 303-35. ONLINE
Huber,J. D. (1996). "The Vote of Confidence in Parliamentary Democracies."American Political Science Review 90(2):269-282. ONLINE
Laver,M. and K. A. Shepsle (1998). "Events, Equilibria, and GovernmentSurvival." American Journalof Political Science 42(1): 28-54. ONLINE
Bawn,Kathleen, and Frances Rosenbluth. "Short Versus Long Coalitions: Electoral Accountability and the Size of the Public Sector." American Journal of Political Science50. 2 (2006):251-63. ONLINE
推荐：
Cox, G. W.(1987). The Efficient Secret: The Cabinet and the Development of Political Parties in Victorian England. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press.
Mershon,Carol. The Costs of Coalition. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press,2002.
Strom,K. (1990). Minority Government and Majority Rule. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press., Chpts. TBA
Bowler, S.,D. M. Farrell and R. S. Katz (1999). "Party Cohesion, Party Discipline,and Parliaments." Party Discipline and Parliamentary Government. S.Bowler, D. M. Farrell and R. S. Katz.Columbus, Ohio State University Press: Chpt. 1.
Laver,M. and K. A. Shepsle (1990). "Government Coalitions and Intraparty Politics." British Journal of Political Science 20(4): 489-507.
Laver,M. (1998). "Models of Government Formation." Annual Review of Political Science 1: 1-25.
第七周：立法机构
Lijphart,Chpt. 11
Tsebelis,Chpt. 4, 7
Weingast,B. R. and W. J. Marshall (1988). "The Industrial Organization of Congress;or, Why Legislatures, LikeFirms, Are Not Organized as Markets." Journal of Political Economy 96(1): 132-163. ONLINE
Huber,John D. "Restrictive Legislative Procedures in France and the UnitedStates." American Political Science Review86. 3 (1992). ONLINE
Bradbury,John Charles, and W. Mark Crain. "Legisative Organization and Government Spending: Cross-Country Evidence." Journal of Public Economics 82 (2001): 309-25. ONLINE
推荐：
Huber,J. D. and C. R. Shipan (2002). Deliberate Discretion? The Institutional Foundations of Bureaucratic Autonomy.Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.
Gilligan,T. W. and K. Krehbiel (1995). "The Gains from Exchange Hypothesis and Legislative Organization."Positive Theories of Congressional Institutions. K. A. Shepsle and B. R.
Weingast. Ann Arbor,University of Michigan Press: 37-70.
Shepsle,K. A. and B. R. Weingast (1995). "Positive Theories of Congressional Institutions." Positive Theories ofCongressional Institutions. K. A. Shepsle and B. R. Weingast. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press: 5-35.
Shepsle, K.A. and B. R. Weingast (1984). "When do Rules of Procedure Matter?"The Journal of Politics 46(1): 206-221.
Iversen, T.,and A. Wren. "Equality: Employment, and Budgetary Restraint the Trilemma of the Service Economy." World Politics 50. 4 (1998): 507-+.
Londregan,John. Legislative Institutions and Ideology in Chile. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
McNollgast."The Political Origins of the Administrative Procedure Act." The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 15. 1 (1999): 180-217.
第八周：联邦制和分权
Weingast,B. R. (1995). "The Economic Role of Political Institutions:Market-Preserving Federalism and Economic Development." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 11(1): 1-32. ONLINE
Tsebelis,Chpt. 6
Lijphart,Chpt 10
Scheiner,E. (2005). "Pipelines of Pork: Japanese Politics and a Model of Local Opposition Party Failure."Comparative Political Studies 38(7): 799-823. ONLINE
Rodden,Jonathan. "The Dilemma of Fiscal Federalism: Grants and Fiscal Performance around the World."American Journal of Political Science 46. 3 (2002): 670-87. ONLINE
———."Reviving Leviathan: Fiscal Federalism and the Growth of Government."International Organization 57 (2003):695-729. ONLINE
推荐：
Tiebout,C. M. (1956). "A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures." The Journal of Political Economy 64(5): 416-424.
Rodden,J. A. (2003). Hamilton’s Paradox: The Promise and Peril of Fiscal Federalism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Chpts. TBA
第九周：内生性政治制度
Shepsle,K. A. (1979). "Institutional Arrangements and Equilibrium in Multidimensional Voting Models." American Journal of Political Science 23(1): 27-59. ONLINE
Shugart,M. S. (1998). "The Inverse Relationship Between Party Strength and Executive Strength: A Theory of Politicians' Constitutional Choices." British Journal of Political Science 28(1): 1-29.ONLINE
Boix,C. (1999). "Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systemsin Advanced Democracies."American Political Science Review 93(3). ONLINE
McElwain,Kenneth Mori. "Manipulating Electoral Rules: Intra-Party Conflict,Partisan Interests, and Constitutional Thickness." Doctoral Dissertation, Stanford University, 2005., Chpt. 3
COURSEWORK
McElwain,Kenneth (2007). “Manipulating Electoral Rules to Manufacture Single-Party Dominance, Japanese Style.” COURSEWORK
推荐：
Riker,W. H. (1980). "Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule forthe Study of Institutions."American Political Science Review 774(2): 432-446.
Shvetsova,O. (2003). "Endogenous Selection of Institutions and Their Exogenous Effects." Constitutional Political Economy 14: 191-212.
Andrews,Josephine T., and Robert W. Jackman. "Strategic Fools: Electoral Rule Choice under Extreme Uncertainty." Electoral Studies 24 (2005): 65-84.
Rogowski,R. (1987). "Trade and the Variety of Democratic Institutions."International Organization 41(2):203-223.
Lijphart,Arend. "Democratization and Constitutional Choices in Czecho-Slovakia,Hungary and Poland 1989-91." Journal of Theoretical Politics 4. 2 (1992):207-23.
Brady,David, and Jongryn Mo. "Electoral Systems and Institutional Choice."Comparative Political Studies 24(1992): 405-29.
Diaz-Cayeros,Alberto, and Beatriz Magaloni. "Party Dominance and the Logic of Electoral Design in Mexico's Transition to Democracy." Journal of Theoretical Politics 13. 3 (2001): 271-93.
二、UCSB：比较政治制度
1、课程目标
本次讨论课将学生引入比较视角下的政治制度。它的首要目标是使学生熟悉主要的理论方法体系。然后，本课程关注研究核心政治制度的文献，从选举制度到官僚制在本课中将讨论很多问题，诸如制度改变(例如，哪个理论方法提供了最好的解释？)；制度是如何概念化和测量的争论（例如，竞争机制是民主体制的关键制度特征吗？）；制度和民主代表性之间的联系；其他政策过程的间接产出（例如，共识性制度真的能带来一种更友善、更温和的民主形式吗?）等一系列问题。
2、教学大纲
组织会议（第一周）
第一部分：理论方法
对组织理论的介绍（第二周）
Jonathan Bendor, 2001, \Bounded Rationality in Political Science," in Neil Smelser and Paul Baltes, eds.,International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York: Elsevier. [GS]
Jonathan Bendor, Terry Moe and Kenneth Shotts, 2001, \Recycling the Garbage Can: An Assessment of theResearch Program," American Political Science Review 95 (1): 169-190. [EJ]
Paul Di Maggio andWalter Powell, 1991, The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, Chicago:University of Chicago Press. Chapter 1. [GS]
JamesMarch and Herbert Simon, 1970, "Decision-Making Theory," in Oscar Grusky and George Miller, eds., TheSociology of Organizations: Basic Studies, New York: Free Press. [GS]
Terry Moe, 1984, "The New Economics of Organization," American Journal of Political Science 28 (4): 739-777.[EJ]
Douglass North, 1990, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 1. [GS]
Kathleen Thelen and Sven Steinmo, 1992, "Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics," in SvenSteinmo, Kathleen Thelen and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis, New York: Cambridge University Press. [GS]
政治学和组织（第三周）
Jack Knight, 1992, Institutions and Social Confict, New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1, 2, 4,6, and 7. [LIB]
Robert Lieberman, 2002, "Ideas, Institutions, and Political Order: Explaining Political Change," American Political Science Review 96 (4): 697-712. [EJ]
Terry Moe, 1990, "Political Institutions: The Neglected Side of the Story,"Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 6: 213-261. [EJ]
Terry Moe, 1991, "Politics and the Theory of Organization," Journal of Law,Economics,and Organization 7:106-129. [EJ]
Adam Przeworski, 2004, "Institutions Matter?" Government and Opposition 39 (4):527-540. [EJ]
第二部分：比较视野下的民主制度
民主政治和专制政治（第四周）
Darren Acemoglu and James Robinson, 2006, Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, New York:Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1-3. [LIB]
Barbara Geddes, 1999, "What Do We Know about Democratization after Twenty Years?", Annual Review of Political Science 2: 115-144. [EJ]
Arend Lijphart, 2012, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries,New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapter 4. [LIB]
Adam Przeworski, 1991, Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1 and 2. [GS]
Adam Przeworski, Michael Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi, 2000, Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World,1950-1990, New York:Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1 and 2. [LIB]
Barry Weingast, 1997, "The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule ofLaw," American Political Science Review 91 (2): 245-263. [EJ]
政治体制I：总统制和议会制（第五周）
Jose Antonio Cheibub, 2007, Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy, New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1 and 6. [GS]
Timothy Frye, 1997, "A Politics of Institutional Choice: Post-Communist Presidencies," Comparative Political Studies 30 (5): 523-552. [EJ]
Arend Lijphart, 2012, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries,New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapter 7. [LIB]
David Samuels and Matthew Shugart, 2010, Presidents, Parties and Prime Ministers: How the Separation ofPowers Affects Party Organization and Behavior, New York: Cambridge UniversityPress. Chapters 1, 2, 5 and 8. [LIB]
Matthew Shugart and John Carey, 1992, Presidents and Assemblies, New York: Cambridge University Press.Chapters 1-3, 8-9. [LIB]
政治体制II：中央集权制和分权制（第六周）
Pradeep Chhibber and Ken Kollman, 1998, "Party Aggregation and the Number of Parties in India and the United States," American Political Science Review 92 (2): 329-342. [EJ]
Arend Lijphart, 2012, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries,New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapter 10. [LIB]
Daniel Treisman, 2007, The Architecture of Government: Rethinking Political Decentral-ization, New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1, 2 (p.21-27 only), 7, and 10-12. [LIB]
Barry Weingast, 1995, "The Economic Role of Political Institutions: Market-Preserving Federalism and Economic Development," Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 11 (1): 1-31. [EJ]
Erik Wibbels, 2006, "Madison in Baghdad? Decentralization and Federalism in Comparative Politics,"Annual Review of Political Science 9: 165-188. [EJ]
选举制（第七周）
GaryCox, 1997, Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems, New York:Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1-4, 7, 9-11. [LIB]
Thomas Cusack, Torben Iversen and David Soskice, 2007, "Economic Interests and the Origins of Electoral Systems," American Political Science Review 101 (3): 373-391. [EJ]
Arend Lijphart, 2012, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries,New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapter 8. [LIB]
Robert Moser and EthanScheiner, 2012, Electoral Systems and Political Context: How the Effects of Rules VaryAcross New and Established Democracies, New York: Cambridge University Press.Introduction and Chapter 1. [GS]
立法机关（第八周）
John Huber, 1996, Rationalizing Parliament: Legislative Institutions and Party Politics in France, New York:Cambridge University Press. Introduction and Chapter 7. [GS]
Arend Lijphart, 2012, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries,New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapters 6 and 11. [LIB]
Kenneth Shepsle and Barry Weingast, 1995, \Positive Theories of Congressional Institutions," in KennethShepsle and Barry Weingast, eds., Positive Theories of Congressional Institutions, AnnArbor: University of Michigan Press. [GS]
Kaare Strom, 1984, "Minority Governments in Parliamentary Democracies: The Rationality of Nonwinning CabinetSolutions," Comparative Political Studies 17: 199-227. [EJ]
Kaare Strom, Wolfgang Muller and Daniel Markham Smith, 2010, "Parliamentary Control of CoalitionGovernments," Annual Review of Political Science 13: 517-535. [EJ]
George Tsebelis and Jeanette Money, 1997, Bicameralism, New York: Cambridge University Press.Introduction, Chapters 1, 2 and 9. [LIB]
官僚制（第九周）
John Huber and Charles Shipan, 2002, Deliberate Discretion, New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters1, 2, 4 and 8. [LIB]
Terry Moe and Michael Caldwell, 1994, "The Institutional Foundations of Democratic Government: A Comparisonof Presidential and Parliamentary Systems," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 150 (1): 171-195. [EJ]
James Rauch and Peter Evans, 2000, "Bureaucratic Structure and Bureaucratic Performance in Less Developed Countries," Journal of Public Economics 75 (1): 49-71. [EJ]
James Wilson, 1989, Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It, New York: Basic Books.Chapters 1, 2, 16, and 20. [GS]
综合:制度、类型学和民主（第10周）
Gary Cox, 1997, Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems, New York:Cambridge University Press. Chapter 12. [LIB]
Arend Lijphart, 2012, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries,New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapters 1-3, 15 and 16.[LIB]
G.Bingham Powell, Jr., 2000, Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarianand Proportional Visions,New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapters 1, 2 and 10. [LIB]
Adam Przeworski, Michael Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi, 2000, Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990, New York:Cambridge University Press. Chapter 6. [LIB]
Richard Rose, 2000, "The End of Consensus in Austria and Switzerland," Journal of Democracy 11 (2): 26-40.[EJ]
George Tsebelis, 1995, "Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism,Parliamentarism, Multicameralism and Multipartyism, British Journal of Political Science 25 (3): 289-325. [EJ]
本期编辑：林 健
本期校对：莫志敏
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