国际顶刊 |《国际社会研究方法论杂志》第25卷（2022年）第1期
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本期国际化部为大家带来了International Journal of Social Research Methodology（IJSRM，《国际社会研究方法论杂志》）2022年第25卷第1期文章编译。
编译属国际化部译者志愿提供，如有不妥欢迎指正；如对我们的工作有什么建议，欢迎到后台留言；如有转载请注明出处。学术公益是一条很长的路，我们诚邀您同行，欢迎留言您希望编译的政治学期刊，感谢您的支持。
PART 1
期刊简介
International Journal of Social Research Methodology（IJSRM，《国际社会研究方法论杂志》）的一个主要特点是其主要读者为学术和其他研究组织内的研究人员以及方法论研究领域的从业人员。因此，该杂志旨在发表结合专业领域中的学术和实践研究，以及考虑两者之间关系的高质量方法论研究。该杂志提供（1）关注新兴的方法论讨论，包括定性和定量的一系列方法，例如混合、比较和模拟方法，这些方法涉及哲学、理论、伦理、政治和实践问题；（2）一个国际交流平台，用于发表关于广泛社会科学学科和实质性兴趣的社会研究方法和实践的讨论；和（3）一个供所有部门的研究人员考虑和评估与研究实践相关的方法的论坛。该刊在《科睿唯安2021年期刊引用报告》（Clarivate JCR2021）中JIF=3.468，在111种交叉社会科学类（Social Science, Interdisciplinary-SSCI）期刊中排名第21（Q1）。
PART 2
期刊目录
Involving people with experience of dementia in analysis of video recorded doctor-patient-carer interactions in care homes
使有痴呆症经历的人参与到对疗养院中医生-病人-照护者互动录像的分析中
Respondent commitment: applying techniques from face-to-face interviewing to online collection of employment data
受访者承诺：将面对面采访的技巧应用于在线收集就业数据
Visual vignettes for cross-national research
用于跨国研究的视觉情境
Text, process, discourse: doing feminist text analysis in institutional ethnography
文本、过程、话语：在制度民族志中进行女性主义文本分析
What’s the measure? An empirical investigation of self-ratings on response scales
测量标准是什么？对反应量表中自我评估的实证调查
Do surveys change behaviour? Insights from digital trace data
问卷调查会改变行为吗？从数字追踪数据中获得的启发
Testing key underlying assumptions of respondent-driven sampling within a real-world network of people who inject drugs
在吸毒者的实际社会网络中检验“受访者驱动抽样”的关键基本假设
Reflexivity through positionality meetings: religion, muslims and ‘non-religious’ researchers
通过立场性会议达成的反思性：宗教、穆斯林和“宗教无涉”的研究人员
Measuring educational attainment in longitudinal research: challenges and recommendations
在追踪研究中衡量受教育程度：挑战和建议
The feasibility and challenge of using administrative data: a case study of historical prisoner surveys
使用行政数据的可行性和挑战：对历史上囚犯调查的一项案例研究
Evaluating political parties: criterion validity of open questions with requests for text and voice answers
评价政党：要求文本和语音回答的开放式问题的标准效度
PART 3
精选译文
01 使有痴呆症经历的人参与到对疗养院中医生-病人-照护者互动录像的分析中
【题目】
Involving people with experience of dementia in analysis of video recorded doctor-patient-carer interactions in care homes
【作者】
Jemima Dooley
【摘要】
已有较多文献讨论了公众参与对数据分析的影响，但有关公众参与自然生成的互动数据分析的研究很少。我们分析了四段来自初级保健服务的临床医生拜访痴呆家庭居民的视频记录，数据中记录了12名痴呆症患者，7名护理人员和2名阿尔茨海默病协会团体协调员。参与者能够在他们对数据的观察中进行会话分析实践，并在文本和视频中记录他们的评论。参与者们还提供了相关的见解，如关于如何改善沟通的评论，并将其应用到自己的个人经验中。这些数据会议使人们反思公众的参与究竟可以为互动分析增加什么，如何让痴呆症患者在研究中发声，以及如何最好地平衡研究人员和公共贡献者之间的力量。
The impact of public participants in data analysis has been reported, but there is little research on public involvement of analysis of naturally occurring interactional data. Four video recordings of clinicians from out of hours primary care services visiting care home residents with dementia were analysed in data sessions involving 12 people with dementia, seven carers, and two Alzheimer’s Society group facilitators. Participants were able to apply conversation analysis practices in their observations of the data, grounding their comments in the transcripts and video recordings. They also provided contextual insights, comments on how to improve communication, and application to their own personal experience. The data sessions allowed reflection on what public involvement can add to interaction analysis, how to enable people with dementia to have a voice in research, and how best to balance the power between researchers and public contributors.
02 受访者承诺：将面对面采访的技巧应用于在线收集就业数据
【题目】
Respondent commitment: applying techniques from face-to-face interviewing to online collection of employment data
【作者】
Kristen Cibelli Hibben,Barbara Felderer &Frederick G. Conrad
【摘要】
完整、准确、诚实地回答问题并不总是受访者的首要任务。研究人员如何激励受访者更认真？一种可能是促使受访者同意努力工作，并提供完整和准确的信息。在Charles Cannell和他的同事们20世纪70、80年代的开创性工作中，他们应用了社会学和社会心理学中成熟的研究，在面对面的访谈中调查了答复行为，并证明了直接要求受访者承诺自己将尽责表现（的作用）。本研究将这种方法扩展到了在线调查中（德国的就业调查），通过间接和直接(根据行政记录验证答复)评估答复者承诺对答复质量的影响。这项研究发现，要求受访者承诺提供完整、准确和诚实的答案的这一方法，产生了一些有希望的效果，尤其是那些承诺了的人，而不是那些被邀作承诺但最终未作出的人。
Answering questions completely, accurately and honestly is not always the top priority for survey respondents. How might researchers motivate respondents to be more conscientious? One possibility is to elicit agreement from respondents to work hard and provide complete and accurate information. In their pioneering work in the 1970s and 80s, Charles Cannell and his colleagues applied well-established research in sociology and social psychology to survey response behavior in Face-to-Face interviews and demonstrated the promise of directly asking respondents to commit to conscientious performance. The study reported here extends this approach to online surveys, specifically a German employment survey. The impact of respondent commitment on the quality of responses is assessed both indirectly and directly (by validating responses against administrative records). This study produced a number of promising effects for asking respondents to commit to providing complete, accurate, and honest answers, particularly for those who committed versus those who were invited to commit but did not.
03 用于跨国研究的视觉情境
【题目】
Visual vignettes for cross-national research
【作者】
Matthew Facciani,Matthew E. Brashears & Jingwen Zhong
【摘要】
文本情境是一种广泛流行的研究工具，但它们假设读写和阅读理解技能限制了它们对弱势人群的研究和跨国研究的效用。我们描述了一种新的视觉情境方法，该方法基于对语言能力较低人群的研究形成，避免了参与者当场提出问题，同时也减少了对以书面语言为代表的文本情境的依赖。我们通过一个调查实验来检验我们的新视觉情境的有效性，在这个实验中，受访者处于视觉情境或描述相同互动的文本情境中。我们发现，与传统的文本情境相比，我们的视觉情境产生了类似的结果，证实了它们的实用性。此外，我们报告了一个试点数据收集使用的跨国样本，其中参与者英语读写能力无从而知。结果表明，我们的新方法能够为低识字率人口和外语使用者提供更多研究选项，。
Textual vignettes are a widely popular research tool, but they assume literacy and reading comprehension skills that limit their utility for both research with disadvantaged populations and cross-national research. We describe a new visual vignette approach, based on approaches used in studying populations with lower verbal ability, that avoids the issues raised by live actors while also reducing reliance on written language typical to textual vignettes. We examine the effectiveness of our new visual vignette using a survey experiment in which respondents were exposed to either a visual vignette, or a textual vignette, depicting the same interaction. We found that our visual vignette produced similar results when compared to traditional textual vignettes, confirming their utility. Additionally, we report on a pilot data collection using a cross-national sample, in which English literacy cannot be assumed. Our results indicate that our new method should improve research options both with low literacy populations and foreign language speakers.
04 文本、过程、话语：在制度民族志中进行女性主义文本分析
【题目】
Text, process, discourse: doing feminist text analysis in institutional ethnography
【作者】
Órla Meadhbh Murray
【摘要】
制度民族志（Institutional ethnography, IE）是一种女性主义的研究方法，侧重于文本和语言的组织力。本文探讨了如何在制度民族志中分析文本，同时考虑到自反性和责任感对女性主义研究的重要性。基于一项对英国大学审计过程持续五年的研究，我设计了一个由三部分组成的制度民族志文本分析方法，三部分依照与被分析文本的关联程度展开：（i）文本，对一份文本或一小批文本的细节分析；（ii）过程，在一个以文本为媒介的过程中进行映射；（iii）话语--确定一种以文本为媒介的话语。此外，我对文本如何组织提出了三个分析要点：读者解释（研究者和文本使用者）的重要性；读者为适应体系与扩展读者群体所做的战略性的、多层次的翻译工作；以及能够通过撰写未来的文本对既有文本材料进行神话化理解的非读者群体的重要性。
Institutional ethnography (IE) is a feminist approach to research focusing on the organising power of texts and language. This paper explores how to analyse texts in IE while considering the importance of reflexivity and accountability to feminist research. Based on a five year study of UK university audit processes, I developed a three-part IE text analysis approach which sits on a spectrum of closeness to the text(s) under analysis: (i) text – close analysis of one text or a small array of texts; (ii) process – mapping across a textually-mediated process and (iii) discourse – identifying a textually mediated discourse. Additionally, I make three analytic points about how texts organise: the importance of reader interpretation (researchers and users of texts); the strategic multi-layered translation work done by readers to fit into institutions and anticipate readerships; and, the importance of non-readers who can make mythologised understandings of texts material through writing future texts.
05 测量标准是什么？对反应量表中自我评估的实证调查
【题目】
What’s the measure? An empirical investigation of self-ratings on response scales
【作者】
Sven Hilbert, Florian Pargent, Elisabeth Kraus, Felix Naumann, Kathryn Eichhorn, Patrizia Ungar & Markus Bühner
【摘要】
我们进行了两项研究，以调查问卷项目中的自我评分如何反映背后的真实分数。调查参与者提供了有关个人属性（真实分数）的数字信息，如年龄、身高和体重，然后对这些属性进行自我打分。在研究1中，他们从三个不同的角度，即个体角度、一般性的角度和局外人角度，对自己进行以5分为满分的李克特评分，进而产生了三个不同的参考框架。通过将这些评分回归到真实分数上，结果表明，关于真实分数的平均值和差异的信息不容易反映在反应量表中。局外人的观点最充分地体现了真实分数的差异，这体现在由序数回归模型估计的类别间隔上。在研究2中使用了李克特五分量表与四分量表，同时为了排除正面措辞的影响，使用了中性的措辞。但这中操作只是稍微提高了代表真实分数的量表分值的准确性。研究结果表明，即使在平均水平上，调查中评分量表和项目只能有限地反映数字的真实分数，自我评分取决于项目的措辞，而不是简单地代表真实分数的粗略测量。本文所有的数据和分析脚本都可以在https://osf.io/4pcdb/上找到。
Two studies were conducted to investigate how self-ratings on questionnaire items reflect the underlying real-scores. Participants gave numerical information about personal attributes (the real-scores), such as age, height, and weight, and subsequently rated themselves regarding these attributes. In Study 1, they rated themselves on a five-point Likert-type scale from three different perspectives, a personal, a general, and an outsiders’, inducing three different frames of reference. By regressing these ratings on the real-scores, it was shown that information about means of and differences between the real-scores were not readily reflected by the response scales. The outsiders’ perspective resulted in the most adequate representation of the real-score differences, indicated by the intervals between the categories estimated by the ordinal regression models. In Study 2, neutral item wording with a five-point Likert-type scale and a four-point Likert-type scale was used to rule out the effect of positive wording. This increased the adequacy of the representations just slightly. The findings indicate that, even on average, the investigated rating scales and items reflect the numeric real-scores only limitedly and that self-ratings depend on the item phrasing instead of simply representing a coarse measure of the real-scores. All data and analysis scripts are available at https://osf.io/4pcdb/.
06 问卷调查会改变行为吗？从数字追踪数据中获得的启发
【题目】
Do surveys change behaviour? Insights from digital trace data
【作者】
Alexandru Cernat & Florian Keusch
【摘要】
问卷调查仍然是社会科学中收集数据的一种普遍的方式。但是，尽管它们很受欢迎，仍然存在一些限制，比如有改变受访者行为的可能性。这种单纯的测量或问题-行为效应会损害社会数据的外部效度。在这篇文章中，我们使用从个人电脑和移动设备上收集的数字跟踪数据来研究调查对新闻和政治消费的影响。我们选择了一个德国的非基于概率抽选的受访小组，将他们的数字追踪数据与有关联邦选举的三项在线调查的数据结合了起来。与我们的预期相反，对调查的参与并不影响网络新闻和政治媒体消费。此外，我们发现有微弱的证据表明，与那些较少使用媒体的受访者相比，那些之前较多地使用媒体的受访者不太会受到调查问卷的影响。
Surveys continue to be a popular way of collecting data in the social sciences. But, despite their popularity they have a number of limitations including the possibility of changing the behaviour of respondents. Such mere-measure or question-behaviour effects can compromise the external validity of social data. In this article, we use digital trace data collected from PCs and mobile devices to investigate the effects of surveys on news and politics consumption. Using a non-probability panel of respondents in Germany we combine the digital trace data with that from three online surveys regarding the federal election. In contrast to our expectation, the participation in the survey does not influence online news and politics media consumption. Furthermore, we find weak evidence that respondents with previous high media consumption are less likely to be influenced by doing the survey compared to those with low media consumption.
07 在吸毒者的实际社会网络中检验“受访者驱动抽样”的关键基本假设
【题目】
Testing key underlying assumptions of respondent-driven sampling within a real-world network of people who inject drugs
【作者】
Ryan M. Buchanan, Charlotte Cook, Salim I. Khakoo & Julie Parkes
【摘要】
在这项研究中，我们在采用注射毒品者（PWID）的一项调查数据的同时，收集了混合方法的社会网络数据，以评估受访者驱动抽样（RDS）的关键假设。我们发现结果与其中的一些假设相符合，与另一些则没有。具体来说，抽样确实是通过注射毒品者互相联系的网络进行的，调查参与者的规模确实与社会网络规模和受招募的可能性相关。然而，通过多元化关系进行的招募显著表现出更高的成功可能性，且被建立起点对点关联的招募对象更有可能生活在同一地理区域。此外，积极注射毒品的人、有“两种生活”的人和“毒贩”，可能未被囊括在调查之中。我们认为这是首个通过使用混合方法来评估对受访者驱动抽样假设的社会网络研究。我们强调了网络数据在使用RDS的调查中帮助理解总体（population）估计量的效度方面的潜在价值。
In this study, we collected mixed method social network data alongside a survey of people who inject drugs (PWID) to assess key assumptions of respondent-driven sampling (RDS). We found adherence to some assumptions and non-adherence to others. Specifically, sampling did occur through a connected network of PWID and the reported degree size of survey participants did correlate with network degree and likelihood of recruitment. However, recruitment was significantly more likely via a multiplex relationship and recruitment dyads were significantly more likely to live in the same geographical area. In addition, people actively injecting drugs, those with ‘two lives’ and ‘dealers’, may have been isolated from the survey. We believe this is the first mixed-method social network study to report an assessment of the assumptions of RDS. We highlight the potential value of network data in understanding the validity of population-level estimates in surveys using RDS.
08 通过立场性会议达成的反思性：宗教、穆斯林和“宗教无涉”的研究人员
【题目】
Reflexivity through positionality meetings: religion, muslims and ‘non-religious’ researchers
【作者】
Laura Kapinga, Rik Huizinga & Reza Shaker
【摘要】
本文通过批判性地讨论和比较三位研究者进行与穆斯林有关研究的经历，为当前关于立场性的辩论做出了学术贡献。我们引入了立场性会议，以加强定性研究项目中的反思性。基于我们的独立研究和立场会议的经验证据，本文说明了研究者为理解彼此在性质和发展历程方面互有差异的观点和立场所做的努力如何挑战我们对自反性的解释。由于其审议的性质，立场性会议揭示了新的、有时令人不舒服的见解，例如，内部人和外部人的关系以及我们对宗教作为特定政治背景下的研究对象的态度。本文强调了会议的几个阶段，以阐释审议实践在整个集体反思过程中的价值。为了服务于跨学科的读者，我们鼓励定性研究者参与立场性会议。因此，在本文的最后，我们就如何组织这样的会议提出了建议。
This paper contributes to current debates on positionality by critically discussing and comparing three researchers’ experiences doing research involving Muslims. We introduce positionality meetings to enhance reflexivity in qualitative research projects. Based on empirical evidence from our independent projects and the positionality meetings, this paper illustrates how efforts to understanding each other’s perspectives and positions, which differ in identities and biographies, challenge our accounts of self-reflexivity. Due to their deliberative character, positionality meetings reveal new and sometimes uncomfortable insights into, for instance, insider and outsider relationships and our attitudes towards religion as a research subject in a particular political context. The paper highlights several stages of the meetings to demonstrate the deliberative practice’s value throughout the collective reflexive process. Serving to an interdisciplinary audience, we encourage qualitative researchers to engage in positionality meetings. Therefore, we conclude this paper by providing recommendations on how to organise such meetings.
09 在追踪研究中衡量受教育程度：挑战和建议
【题目】
Measuring educational attainment in longitudinal research: challenges and recommendations
【作者】
J. Love, S.K. Bennetts, D. Berthelsen, N.J. Hackworth, E.M. Westrupp, F.K. Mensah & J.M. Nicholson
【摘要】
人口统计学数据，例如最高受教育水平，通常被认为是相对没有测量误差的。作为一项早期养育介入评估研究的一部分，研究者在对654名父母的电话访谈与在5.7年后的随访问卷中要求受访者报告自己的最高教育水平。在随访中，14%的人报告的教育水平比基线（电话访谈时）低，这表明其中的一次数据收集存在测量误差。在距离第一次访谈的3.2年后，一个外部机构对这批参与者的一份子样本（n = 261）进行了数据收集。通过与该机构所获数据的比较，基线与后续数据被证明都存在误差。可能的误差原因包括受访者和采访者对16岁之后学历名称的混淆，以及问卷条目的设置错误地暗示教育的线性路径。文中我们围绕如何提问以及如何收集数据提出建议，以减少自我报告的受教育程度中的测量误差。
Demographic data, such as highest level of education attained, are often assumed to be relatively free from measurement error. As part of an evaluation of an early childhood parenting intervention, 654 parents reported their highest level of education via telephone interview at baseline and self-directed questionnaire at follow-up 5.7 years later. At follow-up, 14% reported a lower level of education compared to baseline, indicating measurement error in one of the data collections. Comparison with data collected by an external agency for a subsample of participants (n = 261) 3.2 years after baseline indicated error in both the baseline and follow-up data. Probable causes of error included respondent and interviewer confusion regarding the names of post-school qualifications and item construction incorrectly implying linear pathways through education. We make recommendations around question construction and data collection methods for reducing measurement error in self-reported educational attainment.
10 使用行政数据的可行性和挑战：对历史上囚犯调查的一项案例研究
【题目】
The feasibility and challenge of using administrative data: a case study of historical prisoner surveys
【作者】
Anthony Quinn, David Denney, Nick Hardwick, Rahul Jalil & Rosie Meek
【摘要】
政府行政数据的好处是公认的，但还没有研究来检查这些数据的识别、组织和管理过程是否符合伦理。鉴于优质行政数据的潜在好处，这成为了一项重要的工作，特别是在COVID-19的限制使得收集原始数据变得更加困难的时候。我们利用大数据的原则来分析一个大型业务数据集的特征，该数据集包含英格兰和威尔士的一项囚犯调查中关于拘留经历的答复。在未来的行政数据研究以及历史调查数据为各类受益者提供的价值两方面，这些发现得到一定的讨论。
The benefits of government administrative data are well-established, but research has not examined processes by which these data can be identified, organised and governed in line with ethical considerations. This is an important undertaking given the potential benefits of robust administrative data, especially at a time when the collection of primary data has been made more challenging due to COVID-19 restrictions. We use principles of Big Data to characterise a large operational data set comprised of responses from a prisoner survey about experiences of detainment in England and Wales. These findings are discussed in relation to future research with administrative data and the value that historical survey data can provide to various beneficiaries.
11 评价政党：要求文本和语音回答的开放式问题的标准效度
【题目】
Evaluating political parties: criterion validity of open questions with requests for text and voice answers
【作者】
Konstantin Gavras & Jan Karem Höhne
【摘要】
智能手机调查问卷的兴起，加上技术的进步，为测量受访者的政治态度提供了新的方法。要求语音回答而非文字回答开放性问题，可能会简化回答过程并提供细微的信息。到目前为止，比较文字和语音回答的测量质量的研究还很少。因此，我们在一项智能手机调查中进行了一次实验（N = 2,402），以研究文本和语音回答的标准效度。语音回答是通过一个基于JavaScript和PHP的语音记录工具收集的，该工具类似于即时通讯服务的语音信息功能。结果显示，要求文字和语音回答的开放性问题在标准效度方面有所不同。更具体地说，研究结果表明，语音回答的标准效度要比文字回答的标准效度高一些。为了得出有力的结论，需要对文本和语音回答的测量质量进行更精细的研究。
The rise of smartphone surveys, coupled with technological advancements, provide new ways for measuring respondents’ political attitudes. The use of open questions with requests for voice answers instead of text answers may simplify the answer process and provide nuanced information. So far, research comparing the measurement quality of text and voice answers is scarce. We therefore conducted an experiment in a smartphone survey (N = 2,402) to investigate the criterion validity of text and voice answers. Voice answers were collected using a JavaScript- and PHP-based voice recording tool that resembles the voice messaging function of Instant-Messaging Services. The results show that the open questions with requests for text and voice answers differ in terms of criterion validity. More specifically, the findings indicate that voice answers result in a somewhat higher criterion validity than their text counterparts. More refined research on the measurement quality of text and voice answers is required in order to draw robust conclusions.
翻 译：宋文佳 周嘉豪
校 对：郭瑞涵 宋文佳
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编辑：焦 磊
一审：李璐雅
二审：郭见田