【写作】如何利用学过的短语/词汇应用在文章当中（附视频）

4 Signs That Masculinity Contests Are Holding Back Your Company

《文 末 附 视 频》

This may not be a word-for-word transcript.

Does this sound like your organization? Coworkers see each other not as colleagues but as cutthroat competitors. Bravado, extreme work hours, and unreasonable risks are rewarded. And expressing emotion, especially doubt, is a sign of weakness. If those sound familiar, your workplace could have what researchers call a masculinity contest culture. And these contests can be a sign of serious organizational dysfunction. Not only do they leave women out or force them to play in a rigged system of ridiculous rules, they also short circuit teamwork, decrease innovation, and hurt the bottom line（在商务英语里：the bottom line 是指一家公司的盈利） with employee turnover or harassment lawsuits.

Researchers found four masculine norms that correlate strongly with organizational dysfunction. One, show no weakness. Swagger and overconfidence suppress vulnerability, uncertainty, and tenderness. Two, strengthen stamina. Even in white-collar jobs, physical strength and athleticism are prized and endurance is proven by working late into the night. Three, put work first. Commitment to the organization comes before all else, leaving no room for family, breaks, or balance. And four, dog-eat-dog, a culture where more masculine winners defeat losers in a zero-sum game and trust is scarce. 

Masculinity in these workplaces is under constant threat. It must be repeatedly defended, leading to even more toxic behavior.

So how do you change these cultures?

By putting mission over masculinity. The key here is leveraging the right goals and values. A healthier culture will follow. For example, focus on innovation. A leader could point out that innovation only thrives when people feel psychologically safe to take risks and share new ideas. And this is only possible in a culture without counterproductive masculine norms. Next, when people regularly work late or laugh at offensive jokes, leaders need to dispel the misconception that everyone endorses such behaviors and publicly reject these norms. And most importantly, leaders must walk the talk. Reward people for supporting each other, call out misconduct, allow others to voice dissent, and model respectful behaviors. Only when mission comes first can （only 的「倒装句」）real change take place, sending masculinity contests culture into the past, where it belongs.

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