仁爱版英语八年级(上册)第一单元知识点小结【可下载打印】
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Unit 1
Are you going to play basketball?
本课重点的语法：{一般将来时态}
▼be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。表示准备，打算做某事
用法：be going to+V原形
例句：He is goingto write a letter tonight.
I am going to play basketball.
重点短语：
(1) see sb do sth 看见某人做了某事（强调看见动作的全过程）
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调看见动作正在进行的一部分）
例句 I often seeTom play basketball on the playground.我经常看见汤姆在操场上打篮球
I saw Tom playing basketball on theplayground yesterday.我昨天看见汤姆正在操场上打篮球。
类似的词还有：hear， watch，
(2) almost 副词 adv. 意为“几乎，差不多”
用法：放在be动词前，动词之后。
例句：Supper ismost ready. 晚饭就要好了。
I most fell off my bike.我几乎从自行车上摔下来。
(3) cheer sb. on 为某人喝彩
例句：I cheer himon. 我为他喝彩。
(4) against 介词 pre.对着，反对 play against 与……抗衡/较量
例句：We areagainst the war. 我们反对战争。
We play against the red team. 我们与红队较量。
(5) prefer 较喜欢，更喜欢；
用法：prefer+Ving/名词/代词
例句：I preferplaying basketball.我更喜欢打篮球。
I prefer the white dog. 我更喜欢这只白狗。
I prefer it. 我更喜欢它。
词组：prefer……to …… 喜欢……不喜欢……
例句：His brotherprefers English to math. 他的哥哥喜欢英语而不喜欢数学。
I prefer playbasketball to play football. (注意此时是用原形)
(6) both ……and……两个都；即……又……(后面的谓语动词用复数形式)
例句：BothYaoming and Yijianlian play basketball in the NBA.（对）
Both Yaoming and Yijianlian playsbasketball in the NBA.(错)
(7)dream of/about 梦见 ◆注意of/about 是介词，后面的动词要加ing
例句：Last nightI dreamed of flying in the sky.
(8) give up+Ving/名词/代词 意为“放弃”
例句：He gives upsmoking.
I don’t give up English.
Don’t give it up. ◆注意代词放中间
(9) 感叹句 What + a +感情色彩的名词！
例句：What apity!=What a shame! 多有趣啊！
(10) take part in 参加，加入 join 参加，加入
◆take part in指加入比赛或者活动 join一般指加入……组织
例句：She tookpart in running. 她参加跑步运动。
He joined the army in 1995. 他在1995年参军。
(11) spend+时间 on sth /(in ) doing sth 花费时间在某事上/花费时间在做某事上
例句：He spentone hour on the book.
He spent two hours(in) doing his homework.
(12) exercise 作：动词，名词(不可数)， 锻炼
例句：She dosemorning exercise every day. (作名词)
She exercises every day.（作动词）
(13) be goodat+doing sth / 名词=do wellin 擅长做某事
例句：I am goodat English.
He is good at playing baskerball.
(14) be good for 对……有益，有好处
be bad for 对……有害，不好
例句：Exercise isgood for your health.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
同类的词组还有：begood to sb 对某人好 be bad to sb 对某人不好
例句：The Englishteacher is good to us.
(15) keep fit = keephealthy 保持健康
health（健康，名词）
healthy（健康的，形容词）
healthily（健康地，副词）
(16) relax 放松 词组：relax oneself 使自己放松
例句：Stop andrelax yourself.
(17) arrive in +大地方 (北京，上海，厦门，美国……)
arrive at + 小地方 （village 小村庄……）
get to +地点 到达某地
reach+地点 到达某地
◆上述词后跟home,here, there, back时，都不用介词。后面无地点时用arrive。
(18) excited 激动的，兴奋的，用来修饰人
exciting 令人激动的，使人兴奋的，用来修饰物
区别：We areexcited to hear the good news.听到这个好消息我们很兴奋。
It is an exciting story.这是个令人兴奋的故事。
类似的词还有：interested和 interesting bored 和boring tired 和tiring
(19) leave for sp. 动身前往某地 leave for Shanghai 动身前往上海
leave sp. for. sp 离开某地去某地leave Beijing for Shanghai 离开北京去上海
(20) for +一段的时间 Stay for two weeks. (两星期是一段的时间)
(21) all over the world全世界
(22) hope to do sth（希望做什么）
hope + 句子（希望的事情，实现的可能性大）
wish sb sth（希望某人某事）
wish sb to do sth（希望某人干什么）
wish+句子（希望的事情，实现的可能性小表虚拟语气）
I hope to become/ bea teacher.
I hope he willbecome a teacher.
I wish you goodluck.
I wish him tobecome/ be a teacher. I wish I were abird.
单项选择
1. She prefers______ basketball.
A. play B. to playing
C.playing D. plays
2. — ______ do youplay sports?
— Once a week.
A. Howlong B. How often
C. How many D. How much
3.______ makes yourbody strong.
A. Runing B.Running
C. Torun D. Runner
4. ______ moresports and you can ______ next year.
A. Do, behealth B.Doing, health
C. Do, behealthy D.Doing, healthy
5. They are _______Beijing tomorrow.
A. leave for B. will leave for
C. leaving for D. going to leaving for
6. He will be back______ four days.
A.after B.in
C.from D.to
7. Lily ＿ the long jump, and she jumped veryfar.
A. join B. joined
C. takes part in D. took part in
8. Cycling can makeyour body ＿.
A. strong B. strongly
C. be strong D. to be strong
9.He will __ Beijingtomorrow morning, if the train isn’t late.
A. reached B. get C. arrive at D. arrive in
10. I am good at____ basketball.
A. to play B. play C.playing D. to playing
11.Ann ________mountains tomorrow morning.
A. is climbing B. climb C. is going to climb D. climbs
12. I saw Tom often_____ with his father during the summer.
A. swims B. swam C. swim D. swimming
13.Running is a goodway ________ fit .
A. keeps B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
14. He prefers _____on the weekend.
A . go shopping B. going shop C. goingshopping D. to go shopping
15. ______my father_______mother are wokers.
A. All; of B. Both; and C. Either; of D. Neither; nor
Topic 2 Would youmind passing me some water
本课重点语法：1.Wouldyou mind doing ……？你介意……吗？请你……好吗？
其否定形式为：Would you mind not doing ……？
2. Would you mind if +从句？如果……你介意吗？
回答时可以用：用yes 或者no 回答
例如：No, not atall. / Certainly not. / Of course not. 不介意，当然可以。
I am sorry, but …… 对不起，但是……
Yes, you’d better not. 是的，你最好不要。
例句：Would youmind opening windows？你介意打开窗户吗？
Would you mind my opening windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗？
Would you mind if I open windows? 如果我打开窗户，你介意吗？
3. Could you please + V 原型？ = Would you please + V 原型？请你……好吗？
例句：Could youplease give me some water ? 请你给我些水好吗？
— Sure. / Of course. 好啊，当然可以。
重点短语：
do sb. a favor =help sb.= give sb. a hand 帮助某人
one of …… 意为“……中的一个” 后面接可数名词的复数，但谓语动词用单数。
例句：One of thegirls is my sister. 这些女孩中的其中一个是我的妹妹.
fall ill 生病
be glad to do sth. 乐意做某事
例句：I am gladto help you. 我很乐意帮助你。
practice 练习
用法：practicesth/ doing sth/ 代词
例句：You canpractice speaking English every day.
(6) be late 迟到 例句：I am late. He/She is late./ You are late.
be late for 做……迟到 例句：I am late for school. 我上学迟到了。
(7) manage 管理，经营，处理
用法: manage sb./ sth. 例句：She manages thehotel well. 她把旅馆管理得井井有条。
Manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
例句：She manages to climb the mountain. 她设法爬上这座山。
(8) need ①v.需要 ②情态动词时，无人称和数的变化，意为“必须”后面跟V 原型
用法：need to dosth. 需要做某事 need sth. 需要某物
例句：He needssome help. 他需要一些的帮助。（做动词）注意不要弄混淆
He need finish the homework. 他必须要完成家庭作业。（做情态动词）
(9)do one’s best to do sth.= try one’s best to do sth. 努力去做某事
例句：I willdo/try my best to study English.
(10) believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话） believe in sb. 信任某人
例句：I believehim, but I can not believe in him. 我相信他的话，但是我不信任他。
(11) keep doing sth.坚持做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
keep on doing sth. 继续干某事
(12) be angry withsb. 生某人的气
例句：Don’t be angry with others. 不要总是对别人生气。
(13) with the helpof sb.= with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
例句：With thehelp of the teacher, he did better.= With teacher’shelp, he did better.
(14)be sure(that ) +从句 意为：确信
be sure to do sth. 确信要做某事 be sure about sth. 对某事确信
例句：I am surethat you can do well in the middle exam.
I am sure to finish the task.
I am not sure about the answer.
(15) turn down 把……调小 turn up 把……调大 turn on/off 打开/关闭
(16) hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事
(17) be important tosb. 对某人是重要的
(18) busy adj. 忙碌的
用法：be busywith sth. be busy doing sth.
(19) enjoy doingsth. 喜欢做某事
例句： He joinsreading very much. 他非常喜欢读书。
(20) have a historyof + 时间段 表示有多长的历史
例句：China has ahistory of more than 5000 years.
(21)a 15-year-oldgirl 一个15岁的女孩 （注意year 没有加S）
(22) 系动词有 get, turn, make, sound, 这些系动词的后面跟形容词
get tired/hungry 感到疲劳/变饿 turn green 变绿
make strong 变的强壮 sound interesting 听起来很有趣
(23) instead of 代替……
例句：Let’s stay at home watching TV instead of going to the movie.
(24) have fun =enjoyoneself =have a good time 玩得高兴，玩得愉快
have great fun doing sth. 非常快乐的做某事
相关联系，单项选择
Would you mind if Ishut(关) the door?
A．Yes, please. B.Ok. Do as you like C. That’s allright. D. Of course not. Do please.
2. Do you mind ____up the music?
A. to turn B. turning C. turn D to turning
3.Learning Englishwell is important ___ you .
A . for B. to C. of D. with
4.Would you mind if_________my bike here?
A.I put B. I putting C. me put D. my putting
5.Your MP4 is nice.Where did you buy ____ ? I want to buy ________.
A one, one B it, it C it , one D. one, it
6. Ann is only_______________ girl, but she can speak English well.
A．8—years--- old B. a 8—yearsold C．an 8—year--- old D. 8 years old
7. Li Ping did notgo shopping. He went skating _________.
A. of instead B instead of C instead D take the place
8. Do you mind__________ the window ?
A. I close B. I closing C. me close D . my closing
9. I want to be a basketballplayer. So I enjoy ______ basketball every day.
A. practice to play B. play the C. practicing playing D playingthe
10. Could you please____ me around ? ------Sure.
A. to follow B. follow C. following D followed
11. ______ the helpof mother, I can cook (煮饭). A Under B Using C. With D. By
Topic 3 Which sportwill you take part in?
1．I am ready for the long jump．我为跳远做好了准备。
beready for+活动，表示“为……准备好了”。如：
Weare ready for the next exam. 我们为下次的考试做好了准备。
【拓展】（1）be readyfor sth. 表示“为……准备好”。如：
I'djust been ready for tea when they called．他们打电话时，我刚刚把茶准备好。
（2）be ready todo sth. 表示“准备好做某事”。如：
Wewere all ready to spend the holiday. 我们都为度假做好准备了。
2．It's my first time to take part in thehigh jump．这是我第一次参加跳高比赛。
It'sone's first time to do sth. =It's the first time for sb. to do sth. 表示“某人第一次做某事”。如：
It's Mary'sfirst time to see the cute pandas．=It's the first time for Mary to see the cute pandas．这是玛丽第一次看到可爱的大熊猫。
3.Maybe Michael will make many friends during the sports meet. 也许迈克尔在运动会期间会交许多朋友。
（1）make friendswith sb.与某人交朋友。如：
Wouldyou like to make friends with me?你愿意和我交朋友吗?
（2）maybe adv．也许，可能，大概。如：
maybe与may be
maybeadv.，意为“可能，也许，大概”，在句中作状语，通常置于句首，也可放在动词之前。
maybe分开来写则是“情态动词+动词原形”的形式，意为“可能是，也许是”。其中be还可换成其他的动词原形出现于情态动词may后。试比较：
Maybehe is eighteen.=He may be eighteen．他可能十八岁了。
Maybethe book is in the desk. =The book may be in the desk．那本书可能在书桌里。
Maybeyou have a good chance. =You may have a good chance. 或许你有一个好机会。
4．When shall we meet? 我们什么时候见面?
（1）shall同I和we连用，表示“将来，将要，将会”，后接动词原形。如：
Atthis time next week I shall be in Scotland. 下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。
（2）否定shallnot=shan't，过去式should。如：
Weshan't go there. 我们不去那儿。
Isaid that I should be pleased to help. 我说过我乐意帮忙。
（3）在疑问句中和I／we连用，表示提出或征求意见。如：
ShallI send you the book? 我把书给你寄去，好不好?
Whatshall we do this weekend? 这个周末我们要做什么呢?
5．Congratulations! 祝贺你!
congratulationn．祝贺、恭贺、贺词
用于向某人表示祝贺，复数为congratulations。如：
—we are getting married! 我们要结婚了!
—Congratulations! 祝贺你们!
Congratulationson your exam results! 祝贺你取得好的成绩!
【拓展】congratulate v. 祝贺，道贺
congratulatesb. (on sth.)向某人道贺如：
Icongratulated them on their results. 我为他们取得的成绩向他们表示祝贺。
6．I'm so excited．我太兴奋了。
Therewill be another exciting relay race this afternoon. 今天下午还有一场令人激动的接力赛。
（1）excited adj.，意为“激动的，对……感到兴奋”，主语通常是人。如：
Thechildren were excited about opening their presents. 孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。
（2）excitingadj.，意为“令人兴奋的”，主语通常是物，类似的词还有：interested和interesting，tired和tiring等。如：
Theywaited and waited for something exciting to happen. 他们等啊等啊，等待着激动人心的事情发生。
Itis an exciting match. 这是一场令人激动的比赛。
7．This encourages me a lot．这次对我的鼓励很大。
encouragev. 鼓励。
常用词组encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。如：
OurEnglish teacher often encourages us to study well.
我们的英语老师常常鼓励我们好好学习。
8．The People's Republic of China tookpart in the Olympics for the first time in 1952．
中华人民共和国第一次参加奥林匹克运动会是在1952年。
（1）the People'sRepublic of China. 中华人民共和国。缩略形式为PRC。
（2）for thefirst time第一次。
类似的短语有：for the second time第二次；for the last time最后一次。如：
In1984，she look part in theOlympics for the second time．
1984年，她第二次参加奥运会。
In2012，he will take part inthe Olympics for the last time．
2012年他将最后一次参加奥运会。
9．Xu Haifeng won the first gold medalfor China in the l984 Los Angeles Olympics.
许海峰在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上为中国夺得第一枚金牌。
winv.获胜，赢；n. winner获胜者，过去式won，现在分词winning。如：
Theyare the winners. 他们是冠军。
win表示“赢得”，其宾语通常是war, game, battle, match,fame等。win可作及物动词或不及物动词。如：
Theywon the match．他们赢了这场比赛。
Hecouldn't win without your help. 没有你的帮助他赢不了。
10．Its motto is“Faster，higher，stronger．”它的宗旨是“更快，更高，更强。”
motton. 箴言，格言，座右铭。作可数名词，复数形式既可以为mottos，也可以是mottoes。如：
“It's never too old to learn”is my motto．“活到老学到老”是我的座右铭。
11.The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games．奥运五环是奥林匹克运动会的一种标志。
asymbol of sth． ……的象征。如：
Whiteis always a symbol of purity in we stem cultures. 在西方文化中，白色象征纯洁。
12．There are five rings，and they stand for the five parts of the wind．
它有五个环，代表着世界上的五大洲。
standfor意为“代表”。如：
HKstands for Hong Kong. HK代表香港。
【拓展】stand for容忍，忍受。如：
I'mnot standing for the way he speaks．我再也不能忍受他讲话的方式了。
13．You can easily find at least one ofthese colors in the flag of every country. 你能很容易地在每个国家的国旗上，至少找到这些颜色中的一种。
atleast至少；最少。如：
Thered car will cost at least 200,000 yuan． 那辆红色的小汽车至少要值200 000元。
【拓展】其反义词组为：at(the)most，意为“至多；不超过”。如：
Thereare at most 5,000 people in this town．这个小镇最多有5 000人。
14．We should improve our environment．我们应该改善我们的环境。
improve提高，改善。相当于to make sth. better。如：
Canyou help me improve my English? 你能帮我提高英语水平吗?
( )1．My mother ____ a dinner for mybirthday next week.
A. host B．hosted C．hosting D．will host
( )2．We had a sports meetinglast Sunday．I took part in the ___race．
A．boy's 800-meter B．boy's 800 meter C boys'800-meter D．boys'800 meter
( )3．Our school sportsmeeting comes___．
A．every two years B．every two year C. every other D.two year
( )4．We will have abasketball match tomorrow；will you come to____us on?
A．laugh B．cheer C. shout D. jump
( )5．—Could you come overand help me?
—Certainly____．
A．Don't want. B．It's my fun． C．I'm coming now． D．Here you are.
( )6．Uncle John is ____forLondon next week.
A. leave B. leaving C．to leaving D. leaves
( )7．Because I have a____sister，my mother must stay at home and look after her.
A.2-years-old B. 2-years old C.2-year-old D. 2 years old
( )8．Look at the boy! _____name is Tom, Li Lei's _____ friend.
A.My; foreign B. Your; foreign C. His;foreign D. Her; foreign
( )9．We'll ____ a sportsmeeting next Friday.
A.give B. host C. carry D. join
( )10．Thank you very much____ the flowers.
A.to give me B. for give me C. for giving me D. give me
( )11．Li Huan visited theGreat Wall _____ the first time yesterday.
A.at B. to C. for D. in
( )12．—When shall we meet,Susan?
—Let's ____ it six o'clock.
A.have B. get C. do D. make
( )13．He ____ likes playingthe piano because he often reads books about it.
A.may be B. may C. must D. maybe
( )14．The flowers“roses”_____ love, so everyone likes themvery much.
A.stands for B. stands with C. stand for D.stand with
( )15．You must do sports andkeep _____.
A.health B. healthy C. healthing D. healthily
1—5 DCABC 6—10BCCBC 11—15 CDDCB
宁可累死在路上，
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