Bilingual | 老外有多不了解中国?“他们以为米饭是一粒一粒吃的”
“泉城啄木鸟”活动持续进行中
本文转载自中国日报双语新闻微信公众号
随着我国推出144小时过境免签等一系列便利外国人来华政策措施,越来越多的人得以更加便捷地走进、了解中国。扎堆来旅游的老外,纷纷在外网感叹他们所发现的真实的中国。
在YouTube上搜索“China Travel”(中国旅行),标题中出现的高频词汇是“unexpected” “not what we expected”(出乎意料)或是“truth about China” “real China”(关于中国的真相)。
“他们以为米饭是一粒一粒吃的”
很难想象,在被西方媒体支配的舆论环境里,人们对中国的认知能有多狭隘。
“我的家人对我说,他们以为米饭是一粒一粒吃的!”近日,在中国生活的南非博主简内雷兹·贝森格在接受中国日报采访时,谈及外国普通民众对中国知之甚少。
贝森格已在中国生活超过5年,而在实地探访前,她甚至曾以为在中国只能吃到寿司,“来了中国才发现,寿司在中国根本不算什么”。
促使她产生这些“奇怪”想法的,正是西方媒体长期以来对中国基于偏见与敌意的报道。
贝森格说,她从新闻中了解到关于中国的事情“没有一项是积极正面的”。“他们总是报道一些令人害怕的东西。内容很少涉及美食,即使报道了,也是关于一些奇怪的食物。但事实上,每个国家都会有一些别人觉得难以接受的食物。”
“如果你希望真正了解这个国家,你必须深入地去查资料。但那些对中国并不太关心的人只会听信‘传闻’,我和我的家人就曾是这样。”
选择性报道
今年1月,英国伦敦国王学院刘氏中国研究所与香港中文大学发布联合研究,报告通过梳理2020至2023年刊发在5家英国主流媒体上的1000余篇涉华报道发现,负面论调主导了版面,正面报道几乎为零。
香港中文大学中国研究中心助理教授夏添恩(Tim Summers)在报告中写道,这种现象对于许多本研究的读者来说“不足为奇”。
A report published in January this year, which examined British media coverage of China between 2020 and 2023, found that negative framing and tone dominated stories. The report was based on the analysis of more than 1,000 articles published by The Telegraph, The Guardian, the BBC, the Financial Times, and The Economist between 2020 and 2023.
Tim Summers, the author of the study and an assistant professor at the Centre for China Studies of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, said this negative coverage will come as no surprise to many readers of the report.
涉华报道中,政治议题占据绝对主导。在报道更少受到关注的社会、经济和文化议题时,特定的政治信息、观点或理念也往往掺杂其中,即便内容本身与政治并无关联。
An in-depth look at the articles suggested that politics was a strong theme throughout and a political lens was often used to frame "less reported" social, economic, and cultural issues. Political messaging was often infused into stories that were not related to politics.
夏添恩指出,媒体有侧重地放大负面信息,并未呈现一个全面、准确、平衡的中国形象,而这种有失偏颇的叙事在报道被英国视为盟友的国家时并不常见。
"What seems to be happening is that more negative issues are selected for greater coverage … rather than setting out to deliver a balanced and accurate picture of what China is like," he pointed out. Such biased framing of reports is not as commonly seen in reporting on countries that are considered friends or allies of the UK, he added.
长居香港,曾任英国驻重庆总领事的夏添恩根据在华的亲身经历反驳认为:“中国故事远不止政治话题,除了批判,还有许多积极进展值得报道。有意地过度简化中国形象挤压了理性讨论的空间,也扭曲了外界对中国这一国家和其人民的看法。”
Summers said based on his own experience of China, "there is much more to China than politics, and there are many positive developments to report alongside the criticism.” The "oversimplification" of stories about China leaves no room for discussing alternative perspectives in policy debates, and distorts perceptions of China and of its people, the report concluded.
眼见为实
保罗·迈克·阿什顿,网名“保保熊”,是一位活跃在社交媒体上的美国视频博主,已在上海生活7年。
在其近期的中国旅行视频中,他的“city不city” “好city啊”走红全网。保罗说生动鲜活的中国生活激发了他的创作灵感。
在中国日报的采访中,保罗表示自己在美国长大,那时候人们觉得在文化上中国和美国的差距很大,而他感觉这种认识不完全正确。“来了中国后,你会发现我们的不同并没有那么大”。
在视频中,保罗表示,自己在中国最享受的一件事就是和中国人接触。中国人非常欢迎各个国家的人来中国体验。他用自身经历告诉大家:“非常重要的是,每个人可以亲身经历,自己判断情况到底是什么样的。”
然而,即便是亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的分享,也会招致无端的指责。
“你们去中国,谁付的钱?” “你们收了多少钱为中国说好话?” “你们肯定收钱了”诸如此类的质疑出现在德里杰斯夫妇几乎每一个与中国有关的视频下。
今年5月,英国旅行博主德里杰斯夫妇通过144小时过境免签政策第一次来到中国。在北京游玩四天后,两人不停赞叹中国的治安、人民的友好、科技的便利等等。
他们说:“不要听信西方媒体,就像我们一直说的,要亲身去体验,然后你会明白的。”
另一对英国情侣博主塔兹和莉比也有类似遭遇,他们感到十分无奈:“中国已经对超50个国家的人员实施签证友好政策,它的大门向所有人敞开,它有什么必要收买别人说好话?你如果对这个国家有疑问,就亲自来看看!”
Another British couple Taz and Libby, whose YouTube channel is called Sun Kissed Bucket List, said their motives are rarely questioned when they post videos about other countries. "Why would anyone want to pay anyone when, literally, the doors have been opened to over 50 countries with visa-friendly policies? It is open for everyone to come and see things for themselves,” they said.
"If you have any concerns, travel to the country, see things for yourself, and see what's happening."
在回击质疑的视频里,莉比打趣地说:“我们等着被收买呢,现在还没收到一分钱。”
成为全职旅行博主4年,旅行给予塔兹和莉比开阔的眼界,教会他们不要随波逐流,而要通过亲身体验形成自己的观点与看法。
“我们并不是说某个地方或国家是完美的,每个地方都有优缺点,我们也并非对此视而不见。我们希望向各位传达的是,你应该有自己的理解和观点,不要轻易被他人左右。”
"The biggest lesson that travel has taught us is to make your own opinions and make your own views," the couple said in a video summing up their discoveries in China. "What we are trying to say is that you should form your own understanding and have your own perceptions of things. Don't be so easily led," they added.
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