小词详解 | disparity

disparity 英 [dɪˈspærəti] 美 [dɪˈspærəti]

SAT TEM8 GMAT GRE

外刊例句

• Its geographically dispersed manufacturing industries, made up of about 200,000 small and medium-sized firms, have mitigated the regional disparities that have fuelled populism across the West.
  地区发展不平衡助长了西方的民粹主义，而德国的制造业（由约20万家中小型企业组成）分散于全国各地，有助于缓解地域差距。
  ——《经济学人》
• Experiments in which mice were exposed to the SARS coronavirus found that the males were more susceptible to infection than the females, a disparity that increased with age.
  在小鼠暴露于SARS冠状病毒的实验发现，雄性比雌性更易受到感染，这种差异随着年龄的增长而增加。
  ——《纽约时报》

基本释义

[noun] a great difference
[名词] 很大的不同

深入解读

Disparity 源自中世纪拉丁语 disparitatem （不平等、不均等），现主要指因不公正对待而引起的“明显的不同、不等、差异、不一致”，比如：

• 美国各种族和社会经济群体之间明显的健康差异
  the health disparities between ethnic and socio-economic groups in the U.S.

从其形容词 disparate （迥然不同的、全异的、无法比较的）可以看出， disparity 强调差异悬殊，比如：

• 正在加剧的贫富悬殊
  the growing disparity between rich and poor

权威用例

民生领域还有不少短板，脱贫攻坚任务艰巨，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距依然较大，群众在就业、教育、医疗、居住、养老等方面面临不少难题。
In work on public wellbeing there are still many areas where we fall short; and poverty alleviation remains a formidable task. There are still large disparities in development between rural and urban areas, between regions, and in income distribution; and our people face many difficulties in employment, education, healthcare, housing, and elderly care.

出自十九大报告《决胜全面建成小康社会 夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利》（Secure a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Strive for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era）。

同近义词

• discrepancy: a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts
• inconsistency: the fact or state of being inconsistent
• imbalance: lack of proportion or relation between corresponding things

往期回顾