小词详解 | rebuke

rebuke 英 [rɪˈbjuːk] 美 [rɪˈbjuːk]

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外刊例句

• In any case, a fear of rebuke is not enough.
  无论如何，仅靠害怕被训斥是不够的。
  ——《经济学人》

• In a surprising and embarrassing rebuke to the Justice Department, a federal judge rejected the government's antitrust settlement with Microsoft, the world's largest computer-software company.
  一名联邦法官对司法部作出了一份令该部意外又难堪的谴责性判决，判决中驳回了政府与世界最大电脑软件公司微软的反托拉斯协议。
  ——《时代周刊》

基本释义

[verb] express sharp disapproval or criticism of (someone) because of their behavior or actions
[动词] 对（某人）的行为或行动表示尖锐的反对或批评

深入解读

Rebuke 一词于14世纪初由英国法语 rebuker （击退）进入英语后，即用来表示“指责、斥责、批评、训斥”，常用被动语态作正式用语使用，主要指对某人的错误行为或行动表示尖锐的反对或批评，特别是上级对下级进行的公开、严正而不宽容的责备，隐含一定权威意味，比如：

• 我因为迟到而遭到经理的训斥。但那个马屁精没有。
  I was rebuked by my manager for being late. But the toady didn't.

• 总统谴责参众两院没有在100天之内通过那些法案。
  The president rebuked the House and Senate for not passing those bills within 100 days.

等到了15世纪初， rebuke 也开始用作名词表示“指责、斥责、批评、训斥”，比如：

• 她的尖刻批评使他哑口无言。
  He was silenced by her smart rebuke.

名著用例

When we went in, and I had removed her bonnet and coat, I took her on my knee; kept her there an hour, allowing her to prattle as she liked: not rebuking even some little freedoms and trivialities into which she was apt to stray when much noticed, and which betrayed in her a superficiality of character, inherited probably from her mother, hardly congenial to an English mind.
我们进屋以后，我脱下了她的帽子和外衣，把她放在自己的膝头上，坐了一个小时，允许她随心所欲地唠叨个不停，即使有点放肆和轻浮，也不加指责。别人一多去注意她，她就容易犯这个毛病，暴露出她性格上的浅薄。这种浅薄同普通英国头脑几乎格格不入，很可能是从她母亲那儿遗传来的。

出自英国女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Brontë）创作的具有自传色彩的长篇小说《简·爱》（Jane Eyre）。

同近义词

• reprimand: rebuke (someone), especially officially

• reproach: address (someone) in such a way as to express disapproval or disappointment

• reprove: reprimand or censure (someone)

往期回顾