小词详解 | bully
bully 英 [ˈbʊli] 美 [ˈbʊli]
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外刊例句
Numerous scandals—accusations of bullying, sexism and failure to keep proper records of drugs—are engulfing British Cycling, a symbol of national glory.
许多丑闻——关于霸凌、性别歧视和未能妥善记录药品的指控——正在吞噬着自行车运动这个英国国家荣耀的象征。
——《经济学人》Detectives who grill suspects in Homicide (TV series) do it with verbal cunning, not strong-arm bullying.
在《杀人》这部电视连续剧里,警察以巧妙的言词盘问嫌疑犯,而非动粗威胁。
——《时代周刊》
基本释义
[noun] a person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those whom they perceive as vulnerable
[名词] 恃强凌弱者
深入解读
Bully 是一个比较好记的单词,既只比熟词 bull 多了一个字母 y ,也同常见单词 fully, gully, sully 等有着相同的结尾。
该词词源不详,可能源自荷兰语 boel (情人,兄弟)。而后者很可能是中古荷兰语 broeder (兄弟)的指小词,意思即“小哥哥、小情郎、情哥哥”。
于是 bully 于16世纪30年代出现在英语中时,最开始也是用来表示“情人、恋人”,但适用于称呼任何性别。
由于该词后来常用来称呼妓女的情人、保护人,或者说为妓女拉客者、拉皮条者,加上这类男人往往是一些地痞流氓之流的社会败类,因此 bully 到了17世纪后就开始贬化出现在的主要含义指“恃强凌弱者、强横霸道者、以大欺小者”,主要指利用自己的力量习惯性地试图伤害或恐吓弱者的人,通常强迫他们做一些他们不想做的事,比如:
面对一个恃强凌弱者奋起反抗确实需要勇气。
It takes true grit to stand up to a bully.
用作动词时, bully 相应表示“威吓、伤害、胁迫、欺凌、横行霸道”,常用搭配 bully sb (into sth/into doing sth) ,主要指通过专横狂妄的威胁或侮辱来进行恐吓,这在学校中通常意味着那些体型较大或更具攻击性的男生对弱小男生的欺负,比如:
我可不打算任由那个马屁精欺负。
I wasn't going to let the toady bully me.别让任何人胁迫你做你不愿做的事情。
Don't let anyone bully you into doing something you don't want to do.
权威用例
另一方面,恃强凌弱、巧取豪夺、零和博弈等霸权霸道霸凌行径危害深重,和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字加重,人类社会面临前所未有的挑战。
And yet, the hegemonic, high-handed, and bullying acts of using strength to intimidate the weak, taking from others by force and subterfuge, and playing zero-sum games are exerting grave harm. The deficit in peace, development, security, and governance is growing. All of this is posing unprecedented challenges for human society.
出自二十大报告。
同近义词
browbeat: intimidate (someone), typically into doing something, with stern or abusive words
coerce: persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats
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