翻译备考 | 关键词汉译英 |035| "枪手"
关注“北极光翻译”
学习英语，领悟翻译，沟通世界！
汉语关键词
枪手、神枪手、火枪手、射击手、持枪杀手、职业杀手、代考者、捉刀代笔者
英语关键词
marksman, expert marksman, sharpshooter, crack shot, musketeer, gunman, hit man, hatchet man，proxy examinee, substitute examinee, substitute testee, ghostwriter
句子
这位总统候选人被一名枪手谋杀。
误译
The presidential candidate was deliberately shot by a gunner.
正译
The presidential candidate was deliberately shot by a gunman.
汉语有"枪”与“炮”之分，而英语都用gun表示。我们可以用big gun 或large gun表示“炮"或"大炮”。英语的gunner和gunman不是一回事。 gunner 的意思是 a member of the armed forces who is trained to use large guns，即“炮手”。gunman 的意思是 a man armed with a gun to rob or kill people,即“持枪杀手”，与criminal(罪犯）或terrorist(恐怖分子）有关。
"枪手”的第一个意思是“射击手”。英语可以译为marksman,即a person who is trained to shoot precisely with a certain type of rifle。“神枪手”译为 expert marksman，sharpshooter, crack shot。“火枪手”译为 musketeer。例如：
1.这个枪手能从远处非常准确地射击。
The marksman can shoot very accurately from a long distance.
2.这个枪手站在房顶上对着空中开枪。
The marksman standing on the roof of a house fired a gun into the air.
3.对于一名枪手来说，找到一支好枪并知道如何使用它是不够的。
For a marksman，finding a good gun and knowing how to use it won’t be enough.
4.他是一名神枪手，曾因卓越的步枪射击技术而数次获奖。
He was an expert marksman who had won awards for his excellent rifle skills.
5.神枪手需要一支轻便、准确而性能可靠的步枪。
A sharpshooter needs a rifle that is light, accurate and reliable.
6.我估摸一个月的紧张训练将会使他变成一名神枪手。
I figure one month of intense training will turn him into a crack shot.
7.这部电影是根据法国作家大仲马的小说《三个火枪手》改编的。
The film was adapted from the novel entitled The Three Musketeers by the French writer Alexandre Dumas.
8.大家是否知道法国作家大仲马笔下的三个火枪手？
I wonder whether you all know about the three musketeers portrayed by the French writer Alexandre Dumas.
"枪手”的第二个意思是"持枪杀手”。英语可以译为gunman。例如：
9.报纸的大标题为：“八人被枪手杀害”。
“Eight shot dead by gunmen” ran the newspaper headline.
10.搜查范围已经缩小到枪手可能藏身的几条街。
The searching has narrowed down to a few streets where the gunman might be hiding.
11. 他拔枪的速度快于任何其他枪手。
1) He can draw his gunfrom a holster faster than any other gunman.
2) He can outdraw anyother gunman.
12. 在枪击后的混乱中，枪手逃走了。
In the midst of the chaos which followed the shooting, the gunman escaped.
13. 三个人被一名精神失常的枪手打死。
Three people were killed by a deranged gunman.
"枪手”的第三个意思是“受雇替人卖命杀人者”，即“职业杀手"。英语可以译为hit man或hatchet man。例如：
14. 这名枪手是名受雇于一个犯罪组织的职业杀手。
The hit man was hired by a crime syndicate as a professional killer.
15. 这个人因企图雇佣枪手杀死对手而被判处五年徒刑。
The man was sentenced to serve five years in prison for trying to hire a hatchet man to kill his opponent.
"枪手”的第四个意思是“受雇替人考试者”，即“代考者”。英语可以译为 proxy examinee， substitute examinee，substitute testee。例如：
16. 这个网站公开招聘考研枪手提供考试作弊服务。
The website openly invites applications for proxy examinees in the
entrance examination of postgraduates so as to provide service for exam cheating.
17. 这所大学的布告栏上出现了“寻考研枪手”的广告。
On the notice board of the university there has appeared an advertisement to seek substitute examinees for the entrance examination of postgraduates.
18. 有人张贴广告高薪聘请考研枪手。
Someone has put up an ad to employ a substitute testee for the entrance examination of postgraduates with high pay.
19. 这个学院有一名大学生雇枪手代考四级考试。
A student from this college hired a substitute examinee on his behalf in CET Band 4.
“枪手”的第五个意思是“受雇替人撰写论文或书籍者”或“捉刀代笔者”。英语可以译为ghostwriter。例如：
20. 她雇了一名枪手替她写论文。
She hired a ghostwriter to write an article on her behalf,
21. 这个出版商正在寻找枪手写一本儿童书籍。
The publisher is looking for a ghostwriter to write a children’s book.
“枪手”的第六个意思是"受雇替人写文章攻击和漫骂他人者”。英语可以译为ghostwriter。例如：
22. 娱乐圈内不时地有枪手炮制影星丑闻。
From time to time,some ghostwriters in the entertainment circles cook up scandals about film stars.
23. 在论坛上有些人时常聘请枪手来污蔑他们的对手或者帮助抬高他们的身价。
In the forum, somepeople often employ ghostwrites to slander their opponents or help to build up them.
推荐阅读：
合辑 | Speak English Like An American (01-25)
【翻译技术】实用翻译工具Search and Replace
篇篇有干货，天天有惊喜
对公众号有建议或者好想法
请添加：563730218 随时勾搭
点赞是鼓励，分享增知识！