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2019年翻译资格考试

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4月12日上午10:00-12:00

对外经济贸易大学王学文教授

莅临

郑州航空工业管理学院

龙子湖校区

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CATTI备考营第7期

（4月10日）

翻译练习

    Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible tounhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organization and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa. Residents of developing nation cities are increasingly susceptible to obesity. According to India’s National Institute of Nutrition, over a quarter of urban-dwelling men and nearly half of women are overweight.

译文讲评

参考译文

民生改善是现代一项最伟大的成就。生活富足了，也引发了难以预料的全球健康危机：有20亿人要么超重，要么肥胖。在发达国家，人更易长胖，引起健康问题。然而，发展中国家正面临相似危机。肥胖率在高收入国家已达到顶峰，但在其他国家也正不断上升。世界卫生组织和世界银行的综合调查结果显示，2016年，亚洲的肥胖儿童占世界总数的一半，非洲则占了1/4。发展中国家的城市居民越来越易胖。根据印度国立营养研究所（India’s National Institute of Nutrition）的数据，城镇人口中有超过1/4的男性和将近1/2的女性超重。

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Notes:

肥胖成为重大健康隐患，“肥胖”英语怎么说？

随着生活水平的提高，人们的营养状况得到了改善，“发福者”日渐增多。“肥胖大军”的迅速崛起，给人们的健康带来了新的灾难。

我们来看一段相关的英文报道

The obesity is among the most critical health issues facing us at present. 

现在，肥胖是我们所面临的最严峻的健康问题之一。

For most people, obesity is usually the consequence of eating too much junk food and consuming portions that are too large. The food industry has developed tens of thousands of products with more calories per bite, as well as new, effective marketing strategies to encourage us to buy and consume more than necessary. 

 对于大多数人来说，肥胖通常是由于食用过多垃圾食品和饮食过度导致的。
 食品工业生产出数以万计的产品，这些产品的单位卡路里含量更高；同时，新型有效的市场营销策略诱使我们购买、消费超出需要的食物。

If we didn't live in a world filled with too many foods with excess fat, salt and sugar, the incidence of obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes probably would plummet.

 如果我们没有生活在充斥着含有过量脂肪、盐分和糖的食物的世界里，那么肥胖症、心脏病、高血压和糖尿病的发病率就可能会骤降。
【讲解】
 文中的obesity作名词，意思就是“肥胖，过胖”，如：obesity cure（肥胖症治疗）；它的形容词是obese（肥胖的），如：obese figure（肥胖的身躯）。据医学研究，肥胖容易导致的疾病有：心脏病（heart disease），高血压（high blood pressure），以及癌症（cancer），这些疾病都是人类健康的主要杀手。
 文中最后一段的plummet，用作动词，意为“暴跌”，如：House prices have plummeted in this area.（此地区房价大跌。）

2. “之一”这类的翻译腔经常被读者忽略，先看看“砚乃文房四宝之一”这句话没问题吧？但再看看“李白是中国伟大的诗人之一”，发现哪里不对劲了吗？这句话若翻成“李白是中国伟大的诗人”是不是简洁许多，也没有改变原文的意思呢？还可以参考以下的例子：

原文：He’s one of the famous writers.

翻译腔：他是有名的作家之一。

→ 他是位有名的作家。

. 衡量一个人胖与不胖通用的计算公式是：BMI（体质指数）=体重（kg）/身高（m2）

世界卫生组织拟定的世界标准是：BMI在18.5～24.9为正常范围，大于25为超重，大于30为肥胖。

亚洲标准认为：BMI在18.5～22.9为正常范围，大于23为超重，大于30为肥胖。

延伸阅读

在高级别终止儿童期肥胖症委员会第二次会议上的开幕词

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

世界卫生组织总干事 陈冯富珍博士

Geneva, Switzerland

瑞士日内瓦

13 January 2015

2015年1月13日

Distinguished members of the Commission, ladies and gentlemen,

尊敬的委员会委员们、女士们、先生们：

Welcome back to Geneva. Thank you for again giving us your time and expertise. I will be brief. We all want to move quickly.

欢迎回到日内瓦。感谢你们再次贡献出你们的时间和专长。我的讲话很短。我们都想少说快做。

Childhood obesity, if you look at the statistics, continues to increase in every region of the world. As we all know, the biological mechanisms that contribute to obesity are notoriously complex, as are the mechanisms that cause so much damage to health.

你们从统计数据可以看出世界各个区域的儿童期肥胖症都在继续增加。众所周知，导致肥胖症的生物因素以及给健康造成巨大损害的因素极为复杂。

But we need to unravel these complexities. We need to get the science right, and with that we then can translate it into advice and recommendations that policy-makers, including politicians, and parents can understand,

但我们需要处理这些复杂因素，收集适当的科学证据，然后利用它提出决策者（包括政治家）和父母易于理解的指导和建议。

I am pleased to note the great progress on this agenda made since you last met in Geneva in July 2014. You have met with non-state actors in informal hearings to better understand the views of both civil society and the private sector on these complex issues.

我高兴地注意到自从你们2014年7月在日内瓦举行上一次会议以来，在这项议程方面取得了巨大进展。你们同非国家行为者举行了非正式听证会，以更好地了解民间社会和私营部门对这些复杂问题的观点。

Given the challenges at the policy level, we must have the best science on our side. The working group on science and evidence has met twice and undertaken a substantial amount of work to develop seven background papers.

鉴于政策方面的挑战，我们必须掌握最佳科学知识。科学和证据工作小组已经举行了两次会议，并为编制七份背景文件开展了大量工作。

This morning you will be discussing a stimulating summary report. It reaches a number of important conclusions.

今天上午你们将讨论一份令人鼓舞的摘要报告，其中总结了一些重要结论。

Childhood obesity is not just the result of lifestyle choices. It is driven by trans-generational, biological and environmental issues beyond the child’s control.

儿童期肥胖不只是生活方式选择的结果。它还受到超出儿童控制范围的代际传递、生物和环境问题的影响。

For environmental issues, efforts need to focus on factors that influence the dietary and physical activity patterns of children and their parents.

关于环境问题，工作要着重于影响儿童及其父母的饮食和身体活动模式的因素。

However, focusing only on the obesogenic environment will not be enough to solve a problem of this complexity. New evidence shows the importance of taking a life-course approach.

但是，只注重致胖环境不足以解决如此复杂的问题。新证据表明必须采取一种生命全程方法。

The ad hoc working group on implementation, monitoring and accountability held its first meeting in Geneva in December, 2014. The meeting gave members an opportunity to learn more about what the Commission is doing and how it works. It initiated discussions on the development of an accountability framework relevant to all groups with a role in ending childhood obesity.

实施、监测和问责制特设工作组于2014年12月在日内瓦举行了第一次会议，其间成员们有机会进一步了解了委员会正在开展的工作及其工作方法。会议启动了关于制定一个问责框架的讨论，该框架将适用于有责任为终止儿童期肥胖症发挥作用的所有群体。

Members of the working group are eagerly awaiting the outcomes of your discussions over the next two days, which will provide the foundation for the group’s further work.

该工作组的成员在热切期待你们今后两天的讨论结果，这些结果将是工作组未来工作的基础。

Since you last met, we have seen several signs that countries are deeply concerned about childhood obesity and see an urgent need for action. At its regional meeting last year, PAHO adopted a resolution and associated action plan on the prevention of childhood obesity.

自从你们上一次会议以来，已经有迹象表明各国在深切关注儿童期肥胖问题并发现急需采取行动。泛美卫生组织在其去年的区域会议上，通过了一项关于预防儿童期肥胖症的决议和相关行动计划。

EMRO went a step further with a resolution that tackled the marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children.

东地中海区域办事处在处理向儿童推销不健康食品和饮料问题的决议方面向前推进了一步。

The November nutrition conference in Rome covered malnutrition in all its forms, including overnutrition as well as undernutrition.

11月在罗马召开的营养会议讨论了营养不良的各种形式，包括营养过剩和营养不足。

What I expect to see come out of this meeting is the first draft of a consensus report that identifies specific interventions, and their combinations, that are likely to have the greatest impact in different contexts around the world.

我期望本次会议最终能得出一份共识报告的初稿，确认具体的干预措施及其各种组合以便能够在世界各地的不同环境中产生最大影响。

I think this is what everyone working to end childhood obesity needs most.

我认为这是致力于终止儿童期肥胖症工作的每个人所最需要的。

I have high expectations for this Commission and anticipate that your report will guide consultations and further research throughout the year.

我对这个委员会怀有很高期望，希望你们的报告能指导全年的磋商和进一步研究工作。

The audience for your work is broad, including governments, academics, civil society, the private sector, other UN agencies, and ultimately, concerned parents.

你们的工作有广大的关注者，包括政府、学术机构、民间社会、私营部门、其它联合国机构以及有关父母。

Ladies and gentlemen,

女士们、先生们，

Ending childhood obesity is one of the most complex health challenges facing the international community during this century.

终止儿童期肥胖症是本世纪中国际社会面临的最复杂的卫生挑战之一。

If we get the answers right, and get governments to do the right things, we will likely be better placed to tackle other risk factors and their health consequences.

如果我们能够找到正确的解决方案并推动政府采取适当行动，我们就能更好地处理其它风险因素及其造成的健康后果。

You have a heavy responsibility. People are looking to you for advice and guidance. I am looking to you for advice on how to take the agenda forward for implementation and doing what is needed to keep our children healthy.

你们的责任重大。人们在向你们寻求建议和指导。我也在期待你们的建议，指导我如何将该议程向前推进并加以实施，为保持儿童们的健康作出必要努力。

Thank you.

谢谢你！

CATTI备考营第8期

（4月12日）

翻译练习

原文

人生是一条漫长的河流，而我们都是那个过河的人。这条看似平静的人生长河，实则暗涛涌动，于是过河的人有的望而怯步，有的随波逐流，只有少数人逆流而上，达到成功彼岸。

曾几何时，我还是一个自卑、没有梦想的丑小鸭，甚至不敢去做成为白天鹅的梦。我不敢正视别人的眼睛，总想将自己藏匿于人潮之中，也认为我的一生就将这样碌碌无为了。

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