CATTI 备考营第5期 | 视频演示 | 4月6日汉译英翻译练习案例讲评
关注“北极光翻译”
学习英语，领悟翻译，沟通世界！
2019年翻译资格考试
倒计时
67 天
Introduction
上联：
笔译一枚，双手打字，三餐不定，只为四季有稿，拼得五脏俱损，六神无主，仍然七点起床，八点开机，夜里九点未果，十分辛苦！
下联：
十年口译，九州跑遍，八面玲珑，忙得七窍生烟，换得六根不净，五体欠安，依旧四处奔波，三更未眠，只为两个铜板，一生拼搏！
CATTI 备考营第1期 | 视频演示 | 4月1日汉译英翻译练习案例讲评
CATTI 备考营第2期 | 视频演示 | 4月2日汉译英翻译练习案例讲评
CATTI 备考营第3期 | 视频演示 | 4月3日汉译英翻译练习案例讲评
CATTI 备考营第4期 | 视频演示 | 4月5日汉译英翻译练习案例讲评
CATTI备考营4月1日开营了！参与人数1316人！
第5期翻译实践，参加学员20余人！
CATTI备考营第4期
（4月6日）
翻译练习
在全球居民消费、企业投资回升带动下，2017年世界经济增长率为3.8%，重新回到金融危机前20年平均水平。国际货币基金组织预计，得益于贸易和投资增长，2018年全球经济有望持续回升。但是相关全球经济增长预期并未考虑贸易摩擦增加这一因素，如果保护主义持续加剧、政治和贸易紧张升级，恐将破坏全球经济增长势头。
译文讲评
参考译文
The global GDP grew by 3.8% in 2017, returning to the 20-year average before the international financial crisis. The pickup was driven by a rebound in global consumption and investment.
The International Monetary Fund projected that the global upswing would continue in 2018 thanks to a rebound in trade and investment.
However, relevant projections had not taken growing trade frictions into account, and the global positive momentum might be derailed/threatened by aggravating protectionism and escalating political and trade tensions.
译无止境，译文仅供参考，欢迎讨论交流拍砖！
搜搜索
查查查
1. 经济好转：pickup；upswing；upturn
贸易摩擦：trade friction；trade tension; trade dispute
2. Escalate:
V-T/V-I If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity. 使…加剧; 加剧
• Both unions and management fear the dispute could escalate.
各工会与资方都害怕争端会加剧。
• The protests escalated into five days of rioting.
抗议逐渐升级为5天的暴乱
延伸阅读
World Economic Outlook
世界经济展望
Foreword
序言
The global economic upswing that began around mid-2016 has become broader and stronger.
2016年中开始的全球经济回升已变得更为广泛、更为强劲。
This new World Economic Outlook report projects that advanced economies as a group will continue to expand above their potential growth rates this year and next before decelerating, while growth in emerging market and developing economies will rise before leveling off.
这一期新的《世界经济展望》报告预测，发达经济体今年和明年将继续以超过潜在增长率的速度扩张，随后经济增长将减速，而新兴市场和发展中经济体的增长将加快，随后趋于稳定。
For most countries, current favorable growth rates will not last.
对于多数国家，当前有利的经济增速不会一直持续下去。
Policymakers should seize this opportunity to bolster growth, make it more durable, and equip their governments better to counter the next downturn.
政策制定者应抓住这一机会巩固增长，使经济增长更具可持续性，并加强政府应对下次衰退的能力。
Global growth seems on track to reach 3.9 percent this year and next, substantially above our October forecast.
今年和明年全球增速预计将达到3.9%，显著高于我们去年10月的预测。
Helping to drive this output acceleration is faster growth in the euro area, Japan, China, and the United States, all of which grew above expectations last year, along with some recovery in commodity exporters.
促使产出加速的因素是，欧元区、日本、中国和美国增长加快，它们去年的增长率都超过预期，另外，大宗商品出口国有所复苏。
Along with China, several other emerging market and developing economies will also do better this year than in our past projections—that group includes Brazil, Mexico, and emerging Europe.
除中国外，其他几个新兴市场和发展中经济体今年的经济表现也将好于我们之前的预测，这些国家包括巴西、墨西哥和欧洲新兴经济体。
The aggregate gains for this country group are, however, weighed down by sharp downward revisions for a few countries in the grip of civil strife, notably Libya, Venezuela, and Yemen.
然而，在这组国家总体经济表现改善的同时，其他一些受内乱影响的国家的增长预测大幅降低，特别是利比亚、委内瑞拉和也门。
Growing trade and investment continue as notable factors powering the global upswing.
贸易和投资增长仍是推动全球经济回升的重要因素。
Growth this broad based and strong has not been seen since the world’s initial sharp 2010 bounce back from the financial crisis of 2008–09.
自2010年全球经济开始从2008-2009年金融危机中大幅回升以来，如此广泛和强劲的增长还是第一次出现。
The synchronized expansion will help to dispel some remaining legacies of the crisis by speeding the exit from unconventional monetary policies in advanced economies, encouraging investment, and healing labor market scars.
经济的同步扩张将促使发达经济体更快地退出非常规货币政策，鼓励投资，愈合劳动力市场伤疤，从而驱散一些危机遗留影响。
Other aftereffects of the crisis seem more durable, however, including higher debt levels worldwide and widespread public skepticism about policymakers’ capacity and willingness to generate robust and inclusive growth.
然而，危机造成的另一些后果看来会持续更长时间，包括全球范围内债务水平上升，以及公众对政策制定者促进强劲和包容性增长的能力和意愿普遍产生怀疑。
That skepticism will only be reinforced—with negative political consequences down the road—if economic policy does not rise to the challenge of enacting reforms and building fiscal buffers.
如果经济政策不能应对实施改革和建立财政缓冲的挑战，这种怀疑只会进一步加深，今后会产生负面政治后果。
Success in such efforts would strengthen medium-term growth, spread its benefits lower in the income distribution, and build resilience to the hazards that lie ahead.
这些措施的成功实施将加强中期增长，使较低收入者能够分享这种好处，并增强对未来冲击的抵御能力。
Future growth prospects look challenging indeed for advanced economies and many commodity exporters.
对发达经济体和许多大宗商品出口国而言，未来的增长前景看来确实充满挑战。
In advanced economies, aging populations and lower projected advances in total factor productivity will make it hard to return to the pre-crisis pace for the average household’s income growth.
在发达经济体，由于人口老龄化和全要素生产率预期增长率下降，平均家庭收入增速很难回到危机前水平。
Substantially raising middle and lower incomes looks even tougher.
显著提高中等和较低收入者的收入水平看起来更加困难。
Moreover, growth rates will inevitably bend toward their weaker longer-term levels.
此外，增长率最终将趋于疲软的长期水平。
Policy support will fade in the United States and China—a necessity in view of those countries’ macroeconomic imbalances.
美国和中国将逐步取消政策支持，尽管这种支持对于解决其宏观经济失衡是必要的。
And countries that currently can grow more quickly by putting underutilized labor and capital back to work will reach full capacity.
一些国家目前能够实现更快的增长，因为它们可以让未被充分利用的劳动力和资本重新发挥作用，有助于经济达到充分产能水平。
The need for a forward-looking policy perspective is therefore urgent—to limit risks as well as enhance growth.
因此，迫切需要采取前瞻性政策视角，以控制风险并加强增长。
As usual, Chapter 1 of this report sets out the risks to the forecast.
同以往一样，本报告的第一章分析预测面临的风险。
These are balanced over the next several quarters, with the possibility of more buoyant growth than forecast balancing out unfavorable contingencies.
风险在今后几个季度处于平衡状态，经济增长可能比预期更为强劲，抵消负面意外事件的影响。
But as time passes, the likelihood of negative shifts in the forecast rises.
但随时间推移，预测出现不利变化的可能性将增大。
Monetary policy might tighten sooner than expected if excess demand emerges,
如果出现过度需求，货币政策可能比预期更早收紧。
a notable possibility in the United States, where fiscal policy has turned much more expansive even as the economy has neared full employment.
在美国，虽然经济已经接近充分就业，但财政政策的扩张性显著增强，因此，货币政策很可能更早收紧。
Financial tightening, in turn, would stress highly indebted countries, firms, and households, including in emerging market economies.
金融环境的收紧进而将给债务水平高的国家、企业和家庭带来压力，包括在新兴市场经济体也如此。
An escalating cycle of trade restrictions and retaliation is another risk.
贸易限制和报复的升级是一个风险。
The first shots in a potential trade war have now been fired.
潜在贸易战的第一枪已经打响。
Conflict could intensify if fiscal policies in the United States drive its trade deficit higher without action in Europe and Asia to reduce surpluses.
如果美国的财政政策导致其贸易逆差进一步扩大，欧洲和亚洲不缩减顺差，那么冲突可能加剧。
The multilateral rules-based trade system that evolved after World War II and that nurtured unprecedented growth in the world economy needs strengthening.
基于规则的多边贸易体系需要进一步加强，这一贸易体系是在二战之后发展起来，并促进世界经济实现了前所未有的增长，
Instead, it is in danger of being torn apart.
但目前却面临着崩溃的危险。
The renewed popularity of nationalistic policies is another aftereffect of the financial crisis and its prolonged aftermath.
国家主义政策再度盛行，这是金融危机的另一个后果，并将长期存在。
Diminished prospects for household income growth in advanced economies, coupled with trends of higher polarization in jobs and incomes, have fueled a widespread political backlash hostile to traditional political modalities.
发达经济体家庭收入增长前景减弱，就业和收入出现两级分化加剧的趋势，导致对传统政策模式出现广泛的政治抵制。
If policymakers are complacent and do not tackle the challenge of strengthening long-term growth, political risks could intensify, possibly reversing some of the progress that economic reforms and integration have achieved to date.
如果政策制定者掉以轻心，不能应对加强长期增长的挑战，那么政治风险可能加剧，迄今为止在经济改革和一体化方面取得的进展可能会在一定程度上出现逆转。
The three analytical chapters in this World Economic Outlook are unified by their focus on central determinants of long-term economic growth.
本期《世界经济展望》的三个分析性章节都侧重于长期经济增长的核心决定因素。
Population growth, age distribution, and other structural employment trends are critical for understanding growth, investment, and productivity.
人口增长、年龄分布和其他结构性就业趋势对于理解增长、投资和生产率至关重要。
Chapter 2 focuses on labor force participation in advanced economies,
第二章着重讨论发达经济体的劳动力参与率。
where population aging and, for many countries, declining overall participation rates are substantial headwinds to growth.
这些国家面临人口老龄化，其中很多还存在劳动力总体参与率下降的问题，对经济增长造成显著阻碍。
Especially worrisome is the widespread decline in participation of young and prime-age men.
尤其令人担忧的是，年轻人和壮年男性的劳动力参与率普遍下降。
The chapter shows how a range of policies—for example, educational investments and tax policies—can mitigate these effects.
该章阐述各项政策（如教育投资和税收政策）如何能够缓解这些效应。
But participation will continue to decline even under best-practice approaches.
但即使采用最佳做法，参与率还会继续下降。
Chapter 3 focuses on the declining share of manufacturing employment globally and, most dramatically, in advanced economies.
第三章着重分析全球范围内制造业就业比重的下降，这一情况在发达经济体尤为显著。
This structural transformation, driven by technology advances as well as globalization, has sparked popular concern about greater earnings inequality as “good jobs” disappear.
技术进步和全球化驱动的这一结构性转型引起了普遍关注，人们担心，随着“好工作”消失，收入不平等将加剧。
Another worry is that currently poor countries may be trapped far from the global income frontier if they never pass through a developmental stage of substantial manufacturing employment.
另一个担忧是，当前贫穷国家如果不能经过一个制造业吸收大量就业的发展阶段，就可能一直陷入远离全球收入前沿的境地。
The chapter, however, suggests that services can offer considerable scope for productivity gain.
然而，该章指出，服务业能够在很大程度上促进生产率增长。
Therefore, the best policy response is not to overrule market forces and subsidize manufacturing—possibly a zero-sum game globally—but instead to aim to raise productivity across the economy.
因此，最佳应对政策不是抵制市场力量和补贴制造业（这在全球范围内可能是一种“零和游戏”），而是着眼于提高经济整体生产率。
The latter effort requires structural reforms, including lower barriers to services trade, along with many of the same investments in people that will enhance labor force attachment, as described in Chapter 2.
为此，需要实施结构性改革，包括降低服务业贸易壁垒，同时开展第二章所描述的能够提高劳动力参与意愿的人力投资。
Finally, Chapter 4 studies the process through which innovative activity and technological knowhow spread across national borders.
最后，第四章研究创新活动和技术专门知识跨境传播的过程。
Cross-border knowledge flows from technological leaders to poorer countries have historically been significant drivers of income convergence.
历史上，从技术领先国向贫穷国家的跨境知识流动是收入趋同的重要驱动因素。
Now, the emergence of China and Korea as leaders in some sectors offers the promise of positive repercussions for others, including the long-established high-income countries.
现在，中国和韩国在一些部门跻身技术领先地位，可能给其他国家（包括老牌高收入国家）带来积极影响。
International trade and competition, this chapter suggests, promote global knowledge diffusion and thus provide an important channel through which all countries can benefit from globalization.
该章指出，国际贸易和竞争能够促进全球知识扩散，从而提供了全球化造福所有国家的重要渠道。
From this perspective, policies that restrict trade to prop up politically favored sectors of the economy will ultimately harm productivity growth.
从这个角度讲，限制贸易以支持政治上偏护的经济部门，这种做法最终将损害生产率增长。
Global growth is on an upswing, but favorable conditions will not last forever, and now is the moment to get ready for leaner times.
全球增长正在回升，但有利的状况不会一直持续下去，现在就应做好准备应对困难时期。
Readiness requires not only cautious and forward-looking management of monetary and fiscal policies, but also careful attention to financial stability.
为此，不仅需要以谨慎和前瞻性的方式管理货币和财政政策，还需要密切关注金融稳定状况，
Also necessary are structural and tax policies that raise potential output, including by investing in people and ensuring that the fruits of growth are widely shared.
以及实施必要的结构性和税收政策以提高潜在产出，包括开展人力投资，确保经济增长成果得到广泛分享。
While there is much each country can do on its own, multilateral cooperation on a range of issues—stretching from trade to reducing global imbalances to cybersecurity to climate— remains essential.
尽管每个国家自身可以采取很多措施，但在贸易、减轻全球失衡、网络安全、气候等若干问题上的多边合作仍至关重要。
CATTI备考营第6期
（4月8日）
翻译练习
原文
湾区是连接地球的血脉，“湾区经济”——全球来自港口海湾地带及其直接腹地的经济产值，以创造了世界经济60%的能量与城市发展血脉相连。纽约湾雄霸世界金融核心、世界湾区之首，霍克湾、东京湾、NOOSA湾等世界八大湾区带动全球经济发展的重要增长极。“湾区经济”为城市提供源源不断的能量。而中国最具价值湾区当属粤港澳大湾区。
请查阅相关平行文本
本次翻译练习参加者
奖励
《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》
TMX记忆库、TXT、Word句对齐
语料库
译文提交要求
1. 直接把纯英文译文在文章底部以留言方式提交。因为所有留言可一键导出，请通过“留言”提交译文。
2. 为切磋译技、取长补短，鼓励晒出译文。每期译文点赞人数前五名会重点评讲（点赞统计截止时间当晚零点）。
3. 提交译文时，请在文末备注是否愿意公开译文（[NO]表示不愿意公开译文，[YES]或不填表示愿意公开译文。）
4. 译文提交截止时间：4月9日晚：18:00.
CATTI 备考营
QQ群
185927601
推荐阅读
篇篇有干货，天天有惊喜
点赞是鼓励，分享增知识！
长按以下二维码
欢迎关注“北极光翻译”
长按以下二维码@小编